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  • 1
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    Surface ruptures database related to the 26 December 2018, MW 4.9 Mt. Etna earthquake, southern Italy (2019)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Villani, Fabio; Pucci, Stefano; Azzaro, Raffaele; Civico, Riccardo; Cinti, Francesca Romana; Pizzimenti, Luca; Tarabusi, Gabriele; Branca, Stefano; Brunori, Carlo Alberto; Caciagli, Marco; Cantarero, Massimo; Cucci, Luigi; D'Amico, Salvatore; De Beni, Emanuela; De Martini, Paolo Marco; Mariucci, Maria Teresa; Messina, A; Montone, Paola; Nappi, Rosa; Nave, Rosella; Pantosti, Daniela; Ricci, Tullio; Sapia, Vincenzo; Smedile, Alessandra; Vallone, Roberto; Venuti, Alessandra (2020): Surface ruptures database related to the 26 December 2018, MW 4.9 Mt. Etna earthquake, southern Italy. Scientific Data, 7(1), 42, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0383-0
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-08
    Description: We provide a database of the coseismic surface ruptures produced by the 26 December 2018 Mw 4.9 earthquake that struck the eastern flank of Mt. Etna (southern Italy), the largest active volcano in Europe. Despite its small size, this shallow earthquake caused an impressive system of coseismic surface ruptures extending about 8.5 km, along the trace of the NNW-trending active Fiandaca Fault. We performed detailed field surveys were performed in the epicentral region to describe the ruptures geometry and kinematics. These exhibit a dominant right-oblique sense of slip with coseismic displacement peaks of 0.35 m. The Fiandaca Fault is part of a complex active faults system affecting the eastern flank of Mt. Etna. Its seismic history indicates a prominent surface-faulting potential, so our study is essential for unravelling the seismotectonics of shallow earthquakes in volcanic settings, and contributes updating empirical scaling laws relating moderate-sized earthquakes and surface faulting. The collected observations have been parsed and organized in a concise database consisting of 874 homogeneous georeferenced records. The main features describing the coseismic ruptures are the following: ID, time of sample collection, location (latitude, longitude, elevation), type of rupture, type of affected substratum, attitude (dip angle, dip direction, strike), surface offset (opening, throw, strike slip, net slip), kinematics, slip vector attitude, width of the deformation zone.
    Keywords: Angle; Compass; DATE/TIME; Direction; earthquake; ELEVATION; Etna; ETNA; Fiandaca fault; Kinematics; LATITUDE; Length; LONGITUDE; Mount Etna, Sicily, Italia; Observation; Offset; Opening; ORDINAL NUMBER; Plunge; rupture; Strike; Strike-slip; Substratum; surface faulting; Throw; Trend; volcano; Width
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 6893 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    When probabilistic seismic hazard climbs volcanoes: the Mt Etna case, Italy. Part I: model components for sources parametrization (2017)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-05
    Description: The volcanic region of Mt Etna (Sicily, Italy) represents a perfect lab for testing innovative approaches to seismic hazard assessment, given the availability of a long record of historical and recent observations of seismic and tectonic phenomena, the high quality of various geophysical monitorings and especially because the very fast geodynamics clearly demonstrate some seismotectonic processes. We present here the model components and the procedures adopted for defining seismic sources to be used in a new generation of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) whose first results and maps are presented in a companion paper, Peruzza et al. (2017). The sources include, in a picture of increasing complexity, area seismic zones, individual faults and gridded point sources that are obtained by integrating geological field data with long and short earthquake datasets (the historical macroseismic catalogue that covers about three centuries, and a high-quality instrumental locations database for the last decades). The analysis of the frequency-magnitude distribution identifies two main fault systems within the volcanic complex featuring different seismic rates that are controlled essentially by volcano-tectonic processes. We discuss the variability of the mean occurrence times of major earthquakes along the main Etnean faults by using an historical approach and a purely geologic method. We derive a magnitude-size scaling relationship specific for this volcanic area, which was has been implemented into a recently developed software tool – FiSH, Pace et al. (2015) – which we use to calculate the characteristic magnitudes and the related mean recurrence times expected for each fault. Results suggest that for Mt Etna area, the traditional assumptions of uniform and Poissonian seismicity can be relaxed; a time-dependent fault-based modelling, joined with a 3D imaging of volcano-tectonic sources depicted by the recent instrumental seismicity, can be therefore implemented in PSHA maps. They can be relevant for the retrofitting of the existing building stock, and for driving risk reduction interventions. These analyses do not account regional M 〉 6 seismogenic sources which dominate the hazard at long exposure times (≥ 50 yrs).
    Electronic ISSN: 2195-9269
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 3
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    When probabilistic seismic hazard climbs volcanoes: the Mt Etna case, Italy – Part 2: computational implementation and first results (2017)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-05
    Description: This paper describes the model implementation and presents results of a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) for the Mt Etna volcanic region in Sicily, Italy considering local volcano-tectonic earthquakes. Working in a volcanic region presents new challenges not typically faced in more standard PSHA, which are most broadly due to the nature of the local volcano-tectonic earthquakes, the cone shape of the volcano, and the attenuation properties of seismic waves in the volcanic region. These have been accounted for through the development of a seismic source model that integrates data from different disciplines (historical and instrumental earthquake datasets, tectonic fault data, etc. presented in a companion paper Part I, Azzaro et al., 2017), and by the development and software implementation of original tools for the computation, such as a new ground-motion prediction equation and magnitude-scaling relationship specifically derived for this volcanic area, and the capability to account for the surficial topography in the hazard calculation, which influences source-to-site distances. Hazard calculations have been carried out using two widely used PSHA software packages (CRISIS, Ordaz et al., 2013; the OpenQuake-engine, Pagani et al., 2014). Results are referred to short to mid-term exposure times (10 % probability of exceedance in 5 and 30 years, Poisson and time-dependent) and spectral amplitudes of engineering interest. A preliminary exploration of the impact of site-specific response is also presented for the most densely inhabited region, and the variability in expected ground motion is finally commented. These results do not account for the M 〉 6 regional seismogenic sources that dominate the PSHA at long return periods, but present a different viewpoint that we believe is also relevant for retrofitting of the existing buildings, and for driving impending interventions of risk reduction.
    Electronic ISSN: 2195-9269
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
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    Building-up AR Applications for field survey purposes (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: Augmented Reality (AR) is a new way to interact with the world around us by means of the alteration of reality perceived through specific sensors. Virtual elements are indeed overlapped to our visual perception using a video camera or special glasses. In the light of this experience, the AR user will see real images mixed with virtual objects and movies, hear sounds, perceive tactile sensations and, in the next future, have olfactory experiences. We exploit AR features for dissemination purposes in the field of non-structural damage caused by earthquakes as part of our activities within the European project KnowRISK (Know your city, Reduce selSmic risK through non-structural elements). In this presentation, we propose an AR application that allows the user on the field to access information based on a geo database. Accordingly, the application can work in outdoor guided tours as well as field surveys in the form of a virtual assistant. The application requires a tablet and is developed using the WikitudeTM framework, provided by Wikitude GmbH (www.wikitude.com), under Android OS version 4+. From a technical point of view, it is based on the Wikitude Software Development Kit (SDK), which represents an all-in-one AR solution including image recognition and tracking, video overlay, and location based AR service. We developed our prototype application as field trip experience of the town of Noto (Italy), destroyed by an earthquake in 1693. In the middle Ages, the old town of Noto was an important and rich stronghold chosen by Arabs as chief town of one of the three districts (Val di Noto) in which Sicily was divided. Houses, churches, convents and monasteries in Noto were totally destroyed by earthquakes with intensity I=X-XI MCS between 1542 and 1693. The victims were 3,000 out of a total population of 12,000 inhabitants. Our AR application provides historical information on Noto along images and seismic data. Building-up similar tools can be useful not only for laypersons, but also for professionals in support to their field surveys.
    Description: Published
    Description: INGV - Osservatorio Etneo, Catania Italy
    Description: 7IT. Educazione e divulgazione scientifica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic, Non structural elements ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 5
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    Analisi statistiche sui cataloghi storici di eruzioni e terremoti (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-19
    Description: Sub-task 2 del Task 7: "Stima quantitativa e modellazione della dipendenza statistica di sismicità ed eruzioni all’Etna, sulla base dei dati storici, con particolare attenzione al possibile legame tra terremoti maggiori ed eruzioni laterali"
    Description: Published
    Description: Workshop in videoconferenza 16-17 Dicembre 2020
    Description: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Keywords: terremoti maggiori Etna ; eruzioni laterali Etna
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 6
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    Applying the Disruption Index procedure to evaluate the urban seismic risk in the Mt. Etna area (Italy) (2015)
    Engineering Geology for Society and Territory, 5
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-11
    Description: The Disruption Index is used here for the assessment of urban disruption in the Mt. Etna area after a natural disaster. The first element of the procedure is the definition of the seismic input, which is based on information about the historical seismicity and seismogenic faults. The second element is the computation of the seismic impact on the building stock and infrastructure in the region considered. Information on urban-scale vulnerability was collected and a geographic information system was used to organize the data relating to buildings and network systems (e. g., typologies, schools, strategic structures, lifelines). The central idea underlying the definition of the Disruption Index is the identification and evaluation of the impacts on a target community, considering the physical elements that contribute most to the severe disruption. The results of this study are therefore very useful for earthquake preparedness planning and for the development of strategies to minimize the risks from earthquakes. This study is a product of the European “Urban Disaster Prevention Strategies using Macroseismic Fields and Fault Sources” project (UPStrat-MAFA European project 2013).
    Description: Published
    Description: Torino, Italy
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: open
    Keywords: Disruption Index, Mt. Etna Volcano ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Extended abstract
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  • 7
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    On assessing importance of components in dysfunction urban systems given an earthquake: the case of Mt. Etna region (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-11
    Description: Mt Etna region (Sicily, Italy) is one of the test areas studied in the European Project “Urban disaster Prevention Strategies using MAcroseismic fields and FAult sources” ( UPStrat-MAFA) to which the methodology of Disruption Index (hereafter DI), recently developed to evaluate the dysfunction of urban systems caused by earthquakes (Ferreira et al., 2014), has been applied on a trial basis.
    Description: Published
    Description: Istanbul, Turkey
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic Risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 8
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    Seismic Hazard and Related Risk at Mt Etna Volcano: a contribution to the improvement of emergency plans (2015)
    Miscellanea INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: Natural disasters, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, have strong effects on the socioeconomic well-being of countries and their people. The consequences of these events can lead to complex cascades of related incidents, and in more serious contexts they can threaten our basic survivability. The problem of the seismic risk is a well-known issue at Etna due to the high-intensities volcano-tectonic earthquakes that frequently damage the very populated flanks of the volcano. In the framework of the european UPStrat-MAFA project, seismic hazard was performed following the probabilistic approach (PSHA) based on historical macroseismic data, by using the SASHA code [D’Amico and Albarello, 2008]. This approach uses intensity site observations to compute the seismic history for each investigated locality; the results, are expressed in terms of maximum intensity expected in a given exposure time, for exceedance probability thresholds. The seismic site histories were reconstructed from the database of macroseismic observation related to the historical catalogue of Mt. Etna from 1832 to 2013 [CMTE, 2014], implemented by “spot” observations as far back as 1600 [Azzaro and Castelli, 2014]. To improve the completeness of the site seismic histories, the dataset of the observed intensities was integrated with ‘virtual’ values, calculated according to attenuation laws. The attenuation model applied is based on Bayesian statistics performed on the Etna dataset [Rotondi et al., 2013], and provides the probabilistic distribution of the intensity at a given site. The hazard maps, calculated using a grid spaced 1 km, shows that for short exposure times (10 and 30 years, Figure 1a), volcano-tectonic earthquakes are the main source of shaking for the area. In particular localities in the eastern flank of the volcano have very high probabilities to suffer damage at least of VII degree in the next 30 years. Moreover, the de-aggregation analysis between magnitude vs seismic source demonstrates that S. Tecla fault (STF in Figure 1b) is one of the structures that mostly contribute to the hazard.
    Description: Published
    Description: Nicolosi, Italy
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Extended abstract
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  • 9
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    Estimates and models of the statistical dependence between local earthquakes and flank eruptions at Mt. Etna volcano (Italy): an old topic revised through new (historical) data (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-21
    Description: Our study focuses on the estimation of the correlation between flank eruptions at Mt. Etna volcano and the pre-eruptive, syn-eruptive, and post-eruptive local seismicity, with the final purpose of improving the quantitative multi-hazard assessments. This research was motivated by the lateral eruption started at Etna on Dec. 24th 2018, that was followed by an intense seismic swarm producing a destructive earthquake (Mw 4.9, Dec. 26th) along the nearby Fiandaca fault. Indeed, earthquakes and eruptions at Etna are well known to be often occurring close in time, and a full probabilistic assessment would be very useful for civil protection purposes. The study relies on a few investigations developed in the 80s and 90s, which tested various statistical methods on the datasets available at that time, and the more recent research projects which provided more complete and extended databases on the eruptive and seismic phenomena. In particular, first we performed a time series analysis of both the seismic and eruptive records in the last 130-150 years, which are not affected by significant underrecording issues. We included the estimation of event rate and rate changes in time, and the description of spatial location and scale parameters (e.g. earthquake magnitude, erupted volume). Then, we accomplished a statistical analysis of the inter-event times, either between events of the same type, or between earthquakes and eruptions. Finally, we implemented a series of statistical tests aimed at the quantitative estimation of the correlation strength and its duration. The analyses were then conditioned on specific magnitude thresholds or spatial constraints (epicenters’ distribution vs eruptive fissure/vent location), with the purpose of further exploring the behavior of the coupled volcano-tectonic system.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Francisco (CA)
    Description: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Keywords: Etna earthquakes ; flank eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 10
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    The power of statistical analysis as a tool for an integrated hazard assessment at Mt. Etna (Italy): how earthquakes and flank eruptions move together on a long-term perspective (2020)
    MISCELLANEA INGV 52, ISSN 2039-6651
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-09
    Description: Flank eruptions at Mt. Etna volcano are often related to the occurrence of strong earthquakes. Nevertheless, this is not always the case, and the relationship has to be modeled in probabilistic terms using Data Science. The topic has been investigated in a few studies, starting in the 80s and the 90s. This statistical analysis produced a clear result - the objective identification of the correlation of the two phenomena. However, from a quantitative point of view, the results were strongly affected by the limitations in the historical records available at that time, and by the statistical approaches adopted. The research continued afterwards, thanks to the basic research projects funded by the Department of Civil Protection in 2000-2015. This provided more complete and extended knowledge of the eruptive and seismic phenomena, and of their relationships. The implications for a multi-hazard assessment are significant. In particular, the quantitative analyses performed show that the probability of strong (i.e. damaging) earthquakes is influenced by the occurrence of flank eruptions for several weeks, both during the eruptive activity and after the end. The main target of the study is measuring and modeling how much is probable, if compared to the average pattern, to have an earthquake temporally related to a flank eruption, and how long this statistical influence can last for. In particular, we perform a time series analysis of both the seismic and eruptive records in the last 145-170 years, choosing the longest available seismic record which we assume to be complete. We included the estimation of the seismic rate and investigated the evidence for rate changes in time, as well as the effect of choosing different sub-records as a function of the scale parameters (e.g. earthquake magnitude thresholds, strain release). The key step in the study is the statistical analysis of the inter-event times, either between events of the same type or between earthquakes and eruptions. This produces quantitative estimates of the earthquake rate under the influence of flank eruptions, describing the behavior of the coupled volcano-tectonic system with the final purpose of performing a multi-hazard assessment. This research is currently funded by the Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (Italy), as part of the INGV-DPC contract 2019-2021.
    Description: Published
    Description: Catania
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Keywords: Etna earthquakes ; Flank Eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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