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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical-absorption and photocurrent spectra of a Schottky junction under different bias are compared for CdSexTe1−x (0.54≤x≤1), near the energy gap, at room temperature. An exponential dependence (Urbach tail) is established for both kinds of spectra; however the logarithmic slope of the photocurrent tail is shown to be larger than that of the absorption. Furthermore, this slope increases with forward bias applied to the Schottky diode. These phenomena can be accounted for by a model that considers light absorption, tunneling, and transport of minority carriers. Satisfactory agreement with experimental results is obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 4699-4712 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A detailed comparison of the predictive powers of two recently determined potential energy surfaces [J. Chem. Phys. 88, 5465 (1988); 89, 3505 (1988)] for the N2–Ne interaction has been carried out. In particular, the following has been tested: calculations using these two surfaces against experimental values of the total differential scattering cross section at 75.8 meV, the temperature dependence of the interaction second virial coefficient over the range 90 K to 323 K, the temperature dependence of the binary diffusion coefficient and the mixture viscosity over the range 280 K to 973 K, the mixture thermal conductivity at 300 K, and viscosity and thermal conductivity field-effects, rotational relaxation, and collision-broadening of the depolarized Rayleigh line over a restricted temperature range. Forty-five effective cross sections that determine the bulk transport and relaxation phenomena have been calculated by classical trajectory methods for temperatures varying from 77.5 K to 973 K. Second-approximation calculations of the mixture transport phenomena using these calculated cross sections give impressive agreement with the experimental results over a wide temperature range for both potential surfaces. While one potential gives better agreement with the scattering data, the second virial coefficient data, the bulk transport data, and the depolarized Rayleigh collision-broadening data than does the other potential, the opposite is true for the rotational relaxation and field-effect data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 141-145 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is shown that the performance of photoelectrochemical cells based on the lamellar material InSe can be considerably improved by means of a selective (photo)electrochemical etching. Whereas the cleavage Van de Waals plane (⊥ to c axis) shows little improvement, the photcurrent in the (parallel) face (parallel to the c axis) is doubled (30 mA cm−2 under AM1 illumination). For n-type InSe a reverse bias (+1.5 V versus standard calomel electrode SCE) was employed during the photoetching, p-InSe electrodes were electrochemically etched by applying a forward bias (+1.5 V). In both cases, surface holes carry out the selective corrosion of the semiconductor surface which is another manifestation for the asymmetry played by holes and electrons on semiconductor surfaces. It is hoped that this finding will pave the way for the construction of high-efficiency solar cells based on a thin film made of lamellar materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 16 (1961), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Although it has been widely established that increased crop yields follow leys sown on arable land, the relative importance of the many causative factors which may be involved is obseure. An attempt has been made to evaluate the influence of 3- to 4-year leys on the organic matter in an arable soil and to distinguish also the relative importance of the resultant change in moisture-holding capacity, crumb stability and the nitrogen status of the soil as factors in the yield of winter wheat.An increase of about 4 tons per acre in total soil organic matter was recorded after 3 years under grazed swards. Moisture-holding capacity increased by an amount equivalent to the evapo-trans-piration loss from a full plant cover on one summer day. An increase in crumb stability was largely confined to the top inch of soil, which is effectively buried when leys are ploughed.The influence of variation in soil nitrogen status and in crumb stability on the yield of winter wheat after leys was examined by multiple regression analysis of data obtained over a number of yean from field experiments. After allowing for the effect of variation in the nitrogen status of the soil, the influence of variation in crumb stability was insignificant Conversely variation in the nitrogen status of soils, sampled under leys before ploughing, was closely correlated (r =+0.93***) with wheat yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 1665-1667 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of electron beam irradiation on luminescence and microstructure of n-type porous silicon (PS) have been investigated, using cathodoluminescence (CL) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electron energy loss spectroscopy in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). In the SEM, the CL rapidly decreased with irradiation. It could be fully restored by boiling the samples in de-ionized water. In the TEM, freshly restored PS emerged as Si nano-crystallites embedded in an unstable silicon oxide. The effect of irradiation was to suppress the oxide, and also, in the case of proximity of carbon from the foil holding the sample, to change the crystallite composition to β-SiC. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 531-533 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the results of electrochemical etching on ZnTe crystals using the acidic etchant HNO3:HCl:H2O. Under optimized conditions we are able to etch several micrometer deep patterns into 〈111〉 and 〈110〉 surfaces. A comparison between etched and polished crystals shows that a surface enlargement of approximately 50 times can be obtained. The etched surfaces have strongly reduced optical reflectance, high photoluminescence efficiency, and excellent photosensitivity. Needlelike structures can be prepared, which exhibit a blueshift of the excitonic transition energies, indicating that parts of the etch pattern are in the quantum confinement regime. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 4132-4140 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 58 (1985), S. 4703-4708 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-quality Cd(Se,Te) in two compositions were synthesized using the modified Bridgman technique. The Se-rich crystals had the hexagonal structure while the Te-rich phase consisted of crystals with cubic packing. Their quality could be gauged from the high-electron mobility and their low resistivity which suited the purpose of their synthesis, i.e., for high-efficiency photoelectrochemical cells. Photoelectrochemical etching was employed, which resulted in a heavily pitted surface with the density of the etch pits exceeding 109 cm−2. Quantum efficiency of the semiconductor/aqueous polysulfide interface increased considerably after photoetching. Solar to electrical conversion efficiencies in excess of 12% were obtained. Photoluminescence spectrum was measured for the two crystals prior to and after photoetching. The emission maximum is near the calculated band gap. The decline in the luminescence intensity, after photoetching, is attributed to the corrugation of the surface and the reduced density of the donor state near the semiconductor surface, which increases the thickness of the space-charge layer (dead layer model).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 6 (1966), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary. It is practicable to use herbicides as an alternative to ploughing grass swards for the preparation of a seedbed for the sowing of cereals and kale. The yields of spring barley and kale following a glaass/clover sward killed with 10 lb/ac amitrole-T were similar to those obtained following ploughing. Yields of tip to 40 cwt/ac of winter wheat were obtained following grass swards killed with amitrole-T compared with up to 45 cwt/ac after ploughing.The ideal herbicide must kill all plants in a sward and have no residual toxicity to the subsequent crop. At 10 lb/ac, amitrole-T killed most plants in the sword, but it was considered necessary to delay sowing for at least 3 weeks after spraying to minimize the danger of residual toxicity. Ploughing gave the lowest incidence of grasses persisting from the sward. Paraquat did not control clover and Agropyron repens, while broad-leaved weeds were more common on the ploughed than on the sprayed land.There were differences in the amount of nitrogen mineralized in ploughed and In undisturbed soil, but these were insufficient to affect crop yields materially. When a lower yield followed herbicidal destruction of the sward, this was not accompanied by a reduced percentage nitrogen content.L'emploi des déherbants pour la rénovation des prairies
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 268 (1977), S. 396-396 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR,-Some comments are necessary on Martin Ryle's article on 'Economics of alternative energy sources', (12 May, page 111). Whilst his suggestions on storage systems may be useful, his claim that wind power could be a substantial energy resource without much environmental impact is grossly ...
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