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  • 1
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    Biogeochemical cycling of dissolved zinc in the Western Arctic (Arctic GEOTRACES GN01) (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract The biogeochemical cycling of dissolved zinc (dZn) was investigated in the Western Arctic along the U.S. GEOTRACES GN01 section. Vertical profiles of dZn in the Arctic are strikingly different than the classic “nutrient‐type” profile commonly seen in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, instead exhibiting higher surface concentrations (~1.1 nmol/kg), a shallow subsurface absolute maximum (~4–6 nmol/kg) at 200 m coincident with a macronutrient maximum, and low deep water concentrations (~1.3 nmol/kg) that are homogenous with depth. In contrast to other ocean basins, typical inputs such as rivers, atmospheric inputs, and especially deep remineralization are insignificant in the Arctic. Instead, we demonstrate that dZn distributions in the Arctic are controlled primarily by: 1) shelf fluxes following the sediment remineralization of high Zn:C and Zn:Si cells and the seaward advection of those fluxes, and 2) mixing of dZn from source waters such as the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, rather than vertical biological regeneration of dZn. This results in both the unique profile shapes and the largely decoupled relationship between dZn and Si found in the Arctic. We found a weak dZn:Si regression in the full water column (0.077 nmol/μmol, r2 = 0.58) that is higher than the global slope (0.059 nmol/μmol, r2 = 0.94) because of the shelf‐derived halocline dZn enrichments. We hypothesize that the decoupling of Zn:Si in Western Arctic deep waters results primarily from a past ventilation event with unique pre‐formed Zn:Si stoichiometries.
    Print ISSN: 0886-6236
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9224
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Free-drifting icebergs: hot spots of chemical and biological enrichment in the Weddell Sea (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-26
    Description: The proliferation of icebergs from Antarctica over the past decade has raised questions about their potential impact on the surrounding pelagic ecosystem. Two free-drifting icebergs, 0.1 and 30.8 square kilometers in aerial surface area, and the surrounding waters were sampled in the northwest Weddell Sea during austral spring 2005. There was substantial enrichment of terrigenous material, and there were high concentrations of chlorophyll, krill, and seabirds surrounding each iceberg, extending out to a radial distance of approximately 3.7 kilometers. Extrapolating these results to all icebergs in the same size range, with the use of iceberg population estimates from satellite surveys, indicates that they similarly affect 39% of the surface ocean in this region. These results suggest that free-drifting icebergs can substantially affect the pelagic ecosystem of the Southern Ocean and can serve as areas of enhanced production and sequestration of organic carbon to the deep sea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Kenneth L Jr -- Robison, Bruce H -- Helly, John J -- Kaufmann, Ronald S -- Ruhl, Henry A -- Shaw, Timothy J -- Twining, Benjamin S -- Vernet, Maria -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):478-82. Epub 2007 Jun 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA. ksmith@mbari.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Birds ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; *Ice Cover ; Oceans and Seas ; *Phytoplankton/growth & development ; Sodium Chloride/analysis ; Trace Elements/analysis ; Water Movements ; *Zooplankton/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Nanominerals, mineral nanoparticles, and Earth systems (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-22
    Description: Minerals are more complex than previously thought because of the discovery that their chemical properties vary as a function of particle size when smaller, in at least one dimension, than a few nanometers, to perhaps as much as several tens of nanometers. These variations are most likely due, at least in part, to differences in surface and near-surface atomic structure, as well as crystal shape and surface topography as a function of size in this smallest of size regimes. It has now been established that these variations may make a difference in important geochemical and biogeochemical reactions and kinetics. This recognition is broadening and enriching our view of how minerals influence the hydrosphere, pedosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hochella, Michael F Jr -- Lower, Steven K -- Maurice, Patricia A -- Penn, R Lee -- Sahai, Nita -- Sparks, Donald L -- Twining, Benjamin S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 21;319(5870):1631-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1141134.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for NanoBioEarth, Department of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420, USA. hochella@vt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18356515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Biology ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Humans ; *Minerals/chemistry/metabolism ; *Nanoparticles ; Oceans and Seas ; Particle Size ; Solubility ; Thermodynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Southern Ocean iron enrichment experiment: carbon cycling in high- and low-Si waters (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: The availability of iron is known to exert a controlling influence on biological productivity in surface waters over large areas of the ocean and may have been an important factor in the variation of the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide over glacial cycles. The effect of iron in the Southern Ocean is particularly important because of its large area and abundant nitrate, yet iron-enhanced growth of phytoplankton may be differentially expressed between waters with high silicic acid in the south and low silicic acid in the north, where diatom growth may be limited by both silicic acid and iron. Two mesoscale experiments, designed to investigate the effects of iron enrichment in regions with high and low concentrations of silicic acid, were performed in the Southern Ocean. These experiments demonstrate iron's pivotal role in controlling carbon uptake and regulating atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coale, Kenneth H -- Johnson, Kenneth S -- Chavez, Francisco P -- Buesseler, Ken O -- Barber, Richard T -- Brzezinski, Mark A -- Cochlan, William P -- Millero, Frank J -- Falkowski, Paul G -- Bauer, James E -- Wanninkhof, Rik H -- Kudela, Raphael M -- Altabet, Mark A -- Hales, Burke E -- Takahashi, Taro -- Landry, Michael R -- Bidigare, Robert R -- Wang, Xiujun -- Chase, Zanna -- Strutton, Pete G -- Friederich, Gernot E -- Gorbunov, Maxim Y -- Lance, Veronica P -- Hilting, Anna K -- Hiscock, Michael R -- Demarest, Mark -- Hiscock, William T -- Sullivan, Kevin F -- Tanner, Sara J -- Gordon, R Mike -- Hunter, Craig N -- Elrod, Virginia A -- Fitzwater, Steve E -- Jones, Janice L -- Tozzi, Sasha -- Koblizek, Michal -- Roberts, Alice E -- Herndon, Julian -- Brewster, Jodi -- Ladizinsky, Nicolas -- Smith, Geoffrey -- Cooper, David -- Timothy, David -- Brown, Susan L -- Selph, Karen E -- Sheridan, Cecelia C -- Twining, Benjamin S -- Johnson, Zackary I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):408-14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039-9647, USA. coale@mlml.calstate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Biomass ; Carbon/analysis/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; Diatoms/growth & development/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; *Iron/analysis/metabolism ; Nitrates/analysis/metabolism ; Nitrogen/analysis/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development/metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry ; *Silicic Acid/analysis/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Microplankton trace element contents: implications for mineral limitation of mesozooplankton in an HNLC area (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-19
    Description: Mesozooplankton production in high-nutrient low-chlorophyll regions of the ocean may be reduced if the trace element concentrations in their food are insufficient to meet growth and metabolic demands. We used elemental microanalysis (SXRF) of single-celled plankton to determine their trace metal contents during a series of semi-Lagrangian drift studies in an HNLC upwelling region, the Costa Rica Dome (CRD). Cells from the surface mixed layer had lower Fe:S but higher Zn:S and Ni:S than those from the subsurface chlorophyll maximum at 22–30 m. Diatom Fe:S values were typically 3-fold higher than those in flagellated cells. The ratios of Zn:C in flagellates and diatoms were generally similar to each other, and to co-occurring mesozooplankton. Estimated Fe:C ratios in flagellates were lower than those in co-occurring mesozooplankton, sometimes by more than 3-fold. In contrast, Fe:C in diatoms was typically similar to that in zooplankton. RNA:DNA ratios in the CRD were low compared with other regions, and were related to total autotrophic biomass and weakly to the discrepancy between Zn:C in flagellated cells and mesozooplankton tissues. Mesozooplankton may have been affected by the trace element content of their food, even though trace metal limitation of phytoplankton was modest at best.
    Print ISSN: 0142-7873
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3774
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Quantitative 3D elemental microtomography of Cyclotella meneghiniana at 400-nm resolution (2010)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-18
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Quantification and localization of trace metals in natural plankton cells using a synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microprobe (2003)
    EDP Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-01
    Print ISSN: 1155-4339
    Electronic ISSN: 1764-7177
    Topics: Physics
    Published by EDP Sciences
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  • 8
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    Factors affecting Fe and Zn contents of mesozooplankton from the Costa Rica Dome (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-19
    Description: Mineral limitation of mesozooplankton production is possible in waters with low trace metal availability. As a step toward estimating mesozooplankton Fe and Zn requirements under such conditions, we measured tissue concentrations of major and trace nutrient elements within size-fractioned zooplankton samples collected in and around the Costa Rica Upwelling Dome, a region where phytoplankton growth may be co-limited by Zn and Fe. The geometric mean C, N, P contents were 27, 5.6 and 0.21 mmol gdw –1 , respectively. The values for Fe and Zn were 1230 and 498 nmol gdw –1 , respectively, which are low compared with previous measurements. Migrant zooplankton caused C and P contents of the 2–5 mm fraction to increase at night relative to the day while the Fe and Zn contents decreased. Fe content increased with size while Zn content decreased with size. Fe content was strongly correlated to concentrations of two lithogenic tracers, Al and Ti. We estimate minimum Fe:C ratios in large migrant and resident mixed layer zooplankton to be 15 and 60 µmol mol –1 , respectively. The ratio of Zn:C ranged from 11 µmol mol –1 for the 0.2–0.5 mm size fraction to 33 µmol mol –1 for the 2–5 mm size fraction.
    Print ISSN: 0142-7873
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3774
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Biogeochemical Cycling of Dissolved Zinc in the Western Arctic (Arctic GEOTRACES GN01) (2019)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0886-6236
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9224
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 10
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    A cobalt plume in the oxygen minimum zone of the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (2016)
    Copernicus
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-18
    Description: Cobalt is a nutrient to phytoplankton, but knowledge about its biogeochemical cycling is limited, especially in the Pacific Ocean. Here, we report sections of dissolved cobalt and labile cobalt from the US GEOTRACES GP16 transect in the South Pacific. The cobalt distribution is closely tied to the extent and intensity of the oxygen minimum zone in the eastern South Pacific with highest concentrations measured at the oxycline near the Peru margin. Below 200 m, remineralization and circulation produce an inverse relationship between cobalt and dissolved oxygen that extends throughout the basin. Within the oxygen minimum zone, elevated concentrations of labile cobalt are generated by input from coastal sources and reduced scavenging at low O2. As these high cobalt waters are upwelled and advected offshore, phytoplankton export returns cobalt to low-oxygen water masses underneath. West of the Peru upwelling region, dissolved cobalt is less than 10 pM in the euphotic zone and strongly bound by organic ligands. Because the cobalt nutricline within the South Pacific gyre is deeper than oligotrophic regions in the North and South Atlantic, cobalt involved in sustaining phytoplankton productivity in the gyre is heavily recycled and ultimately arrives from lateral transport of upwelled waters from the eastern margin. In contrast to large coastal inputs, hydrothermal vents along the Eastern Pacific Rise appear to be a minor source of cobalt. Overall, these results demonstrate that oxygen biogeochemistry exerts a strong influence on cobalt cycling.
    Print ISSN: 1810-6277
    Electronic ISSN: 1810-6285
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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