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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Population Biology of Host-Pathogen Interactions (1989)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 27 (1989), S. 77-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.27.090189.000453
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromosome Locations of Additional Barley Enzyme Loci Identified Using Wheat-Barley Addition Lines (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 102 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Disomic wheat-barley addition lines carrying a full hexaploid set of chromosomes of the wheat cultivar Chinese Spring, plus a pair of either chromosome 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 7 from the barley cultivar Betzes, were assayed electrophoretically. Comparisons of zymograms of each addition line with the Chinese Spring wheat and Betzes barky parents of the addition lines gave direct (presumptive in the case of chromosome 5) evidence of the chromosomal locations of nine enzyme loci which have been useful genetic markers in studies of the population genetics, ecogeneties and breeding of barley. Previously reported chromosome locations of several loci were confirmed and evidence was presented for the existence and probable chromosome locations for additional enzyme loci.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00335.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Worldwide pattern of multilocus structure in barley determined by discrete log-linear multivariate analyses (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Barley ; Log-linear multivariate analyses ; Multilocus associations ; Enzyme loci
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Data from the electrophoretic assay for seven enzyme loci of 1,032 accessions of cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare L., from the USDA world barley collection were analyzed for multilocus structure using discrete log-linear multivariate techniques. Three major steps were involved in the analysis: (i) identification and elimination of terms that have inconsequential effects in multilocus association; (ii) construction of a log-linear model that best describes the complete multilocus structure of the genetic system; and (iii) evaluation of each of the association terms included in the model. The results of analyses of two subsets of loci show that the multilocus genetic system of cultivated barley, including loci located on different chromosomes, is organized into hierarchically structured complexes of loci. Multilocus structure differs in various geographical regions of the world. The structure of barleys from Southwest Asia, the putative center of origin for cultivated barley, is intermediate for both subsets of loci. Differences increased progressively across the Eurasian-African landmasses in each direction with increasing distance from Southwest Asia, with the consequence that the barleys from West Europe, East Asia, and Ethiopia are maximally different from those of Southwest Asia and Middle South Asia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224025
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Estimation of outcrossing rates in Duglas-fir using isozyme markers (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Douglas-fir ; Outcrossing rates ; Isozymes ; Inbreeding ; Open-pollination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Seeds produced under open-pollination were collected from eight natural stands and a plus-tree seed orchard of Douglas-fir. These seeds were germinated and both diploid embryos and haploid gametophytes were analyzed by starch-gel electrophoresis. Eleven variable loci were resolved for both kinds of tissue and used as genetic markers for estimating outcrossing rates. Estimates made with single-locus and multilocus methods both indicated that the proportion of viable embryos resulting from outcrossing is about 0.90 for the natural stands, and for the seed orchard. Comparison of single-locus and multilocus estimates of outcrossing rates indicated that little or no inbreeding other than selfing occurred. Estimated outcrossing rates were higher for seeds from the upper portion of the crown than for seeds from the lower crown. It was also found that some trees selfed at a much higher rate than other trees.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293342
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An additional gametophyte factor in the lima bean (1963)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 33 (1963), S. 212-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung An Limabohnen-Familien, die für das GenP/p für Samenschalenfarbe heterozygot sind, wurden persistente Spaltungsabweichungen analysiert. Ein zweiter gametophytischer Faktor (Ga 2) wird beschrieben. Dieses Gen bewirkt eine Interaktion zwischen dem männlichen Gametophyten und dem Griffel in der Form, daß a)Ga 2-Pollen unabhängig von dem Genotyp des Griffels funktionsfähig ist. b)ga 2-Pollen zwarga/ga-Griffel befruchten, aber aufGa 2/Ga 2-Griffeln oderGa 2/ga 2-Griffeln mitGa 2-Pollen nicht konkurrieren kann.Ga 2/ga 2 ist mit dem LocusP/p gekoppelt (Rekombinationswert 0,244±0,017) und daher wahrscheinlich in Koppelungsgruppe I lokalisiert. Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen gametophytischen Faktoren und Inkompatibilitätssystemen sowie Faktoren, die das Auftreten und die Ausbreitung vonga-Allelen in Populationen beeinflussen können, werden diskutiert. Es wird der Beweis erbracht, daß dasGa 2-Allel in einer der reinen Elternlinien der untersuchten Familien als eine neue Mutationga 2→Ga 2 entstanden ist.
    Notizen: Summary A second gametophyte factor (Ga 2) is described in lima beans. This gene produces an interaction between the male gametophyte and style such that: (a)Ga 2 pollen functions irrespective of stylar genotype; (b)ga 2 pollen is functional onga/ga styles but is unable to compete withGa 2 pollen onGa 2/Ga 2 orGa 2/ga 2 styles.Ga 2/ga 2 is linked with theP/p locus (recombination fraction =0.244±.017); it is therefore probably located in linkage group I. Some similarities and differences between gametophyte factors and incompatibility systems and some factors which might influence the establishment and maintenance ofga alleles in populations are discussed. Evidence is presented that theGa 2 allele arose as a recent mutationga 2→Ga 2 in one of the pure-line parents of the families studied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710135
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Performance and stability of mixtures of grain sorghum (1974)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 44 (1974), S. 145-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary In the absence of intergenotypic interactions the expected yield of randomly constituted, equiproportional mixtures of genotypes is shown to be independent of the number of components. However, with positive, additive interactions, the expected yield of a mixture is expected to be a monotonically increasing function of the number of components. The observed relationship between level of genetic diversity and mean yield, seed number and seed size for mixtures of inbred lines of grain sorghum closely followed the relationships expected under the assumption of additive interaction effects. However, estimates of the first and higher order components of the total interaction effect among the sorghum lines indicated that higher order interaction effects were often as great or greater than their first order counterparts, and opposite in sign, and that they may thus have had a cancelling effect in mixtures containing three or more components. These findings are discussed in terms of the relationship between level of genetic diversity and performance, and in connection with problems associated with the development of commercial multiline varieties.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00277012
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Associations between isozyme phenotypes and environment in the slender wild oat (Avena barbata) in Israel (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 56 (1980), S. 31-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Avena barbata ; Isozyme phenotypes ; Environment ; Evolution of ecotypes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Collections from 31 populations of A. barbata from diverse habitats in Israel were assayed electrophoretically for seven enzyme systems. Phenotype frequencies were scored in nine enzyme zones, probably representing 27 loci, to determine isozyme variability within and among populations. Many different isozyme phenotypes were found in all of the populations; also the array of isozyme phenotypes found in each population differed distinctly from that found in each other population. Overlays of phenotypic frequencies on map locations showed that isozyme variability is distributed in mosaic patterns not related to geographical distance. Principal-component and multiple-regression analyses revealed that temperature and moisture-related variables are significantly correlated with particular isozyme phenotypes. Further, the mosaic patterns of isozyme variation were found to correspond closely to mosaic patterns of the habitat. This structuring of the genetic variability into multilocus combinations was attributed to the combined effects of directional and diversifying selection. Comparisons of patterns and extent of genetic variation in Israel and California led to the conclusion that the evolution of ‘ecotypes,’ each adapted to a specific habitat and marked by a particular set of enzyme alleles, has proceeded further in Israel, where A. barbata is endemic, than in California, where it is a recent introduction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264424
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Worldwide patterns of genetic variation among four esterase loci in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 101-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Barley ; Esterase loci ; Genetic polymorphism ; Geographical distribution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Electrophoretic assays of 1506 accessions of domestic (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wild (H. spontaneum Koch.) barley, maintained in the USDA World Barley Collection, led to the following conclusions: (1) worldwide the four esterase loci, Est 1, Est 2, Est 3, and Est 4, have a minimum of 7, 12, 6, and 7 alleles, respectively; (2) little or no genetic differentation has developed between H. vulgare and H. spontaneum at these four esterase loci; (3) substantial genetic polymorphism and heterozygosity occur within many of the accessions despite the heavy inbreeding which results from the mating system of predominant self fertilization and from genetic drift associated with maintenance in small populations; (4) patterns of geographical distribution of alleles at these four loci are not at random over both small and large geographical areas, including differences on a continental scale; (5) four among 16 four-locus combinations of alleles are found in excess and all other combinations occur in deficiency on a worldwide basis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285898
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evolution of resistance to Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) Davis in barley composite cross II (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 61 (1982), S. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Inheritance of resistance ; Plant breeding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Changes in resistance to scald disease which occurred in barley composite Cross II over 45 generations were analyzed genetically. This population, which was synthesized in 1929 by pooling equal numbers of f1 seeds from 378 pair wise crosses among 28 barley varieties, has subsequently been grown at Davis, California under standard agricultural conditions without conscious selection. Progenies derived from self-pollinated seeds from random plants taken from four generations (F8, F13, F23, and F45) were tested against four different races of scald (40, 61, 72, and 74), and rated as resistant, susceptible or segregating. Striking increases in the frequency of families resistant to races 40, 61, and 74 occurred in CC II. A test for randomness showed that quadruply susceptible and triply resistant families were more common than expected under the assumption that resistance to different races is independent. Positive correlations were found between resistance to races 40, 61, and 74, but resistance to race 72 was independent of resistance to all other races. Possible reasons for these correlations are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273776
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic basis of the evolution of adaptedness in plants (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 92 (1996), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): adaptedness ; epistasis ; marker assisted dissection ; overdominance ; purifying selection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Adaptedness is both complexly inherited and much affected by environment: consequently the genetic mechanisms that have led to improvements in adaptedness have been difficult to identify and to quantify. Recently it has been shown that ‘marker assisted dissection’ of adaptedness based on changes in the frequencies of discretely inherited alleles of loci of various kinds (e.g. allozyme, restriction fragment, microsatellite loci) is practicable. I will illustrate marker assisted analysis of the genetic basis of adaptedness with a sample of allozyme data from three species groups, two heavily selfing groups (two wild Avena species and barley) and one outcrossing species (corn, maize). The results lead to three main conclusions: (1) that the single most important genetic mechanism in all three species groups was the assembly of favorable epistatic combinations of alleles of different loci by means of recurring cycles of selection, intercrossing superior selects, and inbreeding to near homozygosity leading to stable superior multilocus genotypes adapted to specific habitats; (2) that exploitation of favorable interactions among alleles of the same locus played a significant role in tetraploid A. barbata and probably also in single-cross maize hybrids; (3) that purifying selection (elimination of deleterious alleles) played a small role in all three species groups. These results indicate that marker alleles provide applied breeders with effective ways to identify, track, and incorporate regions of chromosomes with favorable effects of adaptedness into improved cultivars.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022822
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