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  • 1
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    Genetic technologies. Facing inheritable genetic modifications (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frankel, M S -- Chapman, A R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 18;292(5520):1303.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Science and Policy Programs, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC 20005, USA. mfrankel@aaas.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11360984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bioethics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Eugenics/*legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; Gene Transfer Techniques/adverse effects ; Genetic Engineering/*legislation & jurisprudence/standards/trends ; Germ-Line Mutation/*genetics ; Government ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; Transgenes/genetics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Probing meiotic recombination and aneuploidy of single sperm cells by whole-genome sequencing (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-22
    Description: Meiotic recombination creates genetic diversity and ensures segregation of homologous chromosomes. Previous population analyses yielded results averaged among individuals and affected by evolutionary pressures. We sequenced 99 sperm from an Asian male by using the newly developed amplification method-multiple annealing and looping-based amplification cycles-to phase the personal genome and map recombination events at high resolution, which are nonuniformly distributed across the genome in the absence of selection pressure. The paucity of recombination near transcription start sites observed in individual sperm indicates that such a phenomenon is intrinsic to the molecular mechanism of meiosis. Interestingly, a decreased crossover frequency combined with an increase of autosomal aneuploidy is observable on a global per-sperm basis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3590491/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3590491/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lu, Sijia -- Zong, Chenghang -- Fan, Wei -- Yang, Mingyu -- Li, Jinsen -- Chapman, Alec R -- Zhu, Ping -- Hu, Xuesong -- Xu, Liya -- Yan, Liying -- Bai, Fan -- Qiao, Jie -- Tang, Fuchou -- Li, Ruiqiang -- Xie, X Sunney -- HG005097-1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG005613-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG005097/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HG005613/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Dec 21;338(6114):1627-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1229112.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23258895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aneuploidy ; Chromosome Segregation ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Crossing Over, Genetic ; *Genome, Human ; Haplotypes ; Heterozygote ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Middle Aged ; *Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/*methods ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Spermatozoa/*physiology ; Transcription Initiation Site
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Genome-wide detection of single-nucleotide and copy-number variations of a single human cell (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-22
    Description: Kindred cells can have different genomes because of dynamic changes in DNA. Single-cell sequencing is needed to characterize these genomic differences but has been hindered by whole-genome amplification bias, resulting in low genome coverage. Here, we report on a new amplification method-multiple annealing and looping-based amplification cycles (MALBAC)-that offers high uniformity across the genome. Sequencing MALBAC-amplified DNA achieves 93% genome coverage 〉/=1x for a single human cell at 25x mean sequencing depth. We detected digitized copy-number variations (CNVs) of a single cancer cell. By sequencing three kindred cells, we were able to identify individual single-nucleotide variations (SNVs), with no false positives detected. We directly measured the genome-wide mutation rate of a cancer cell line and found that purine-pyrimidine exchanges occurred unusually frequently among the newly acquired SNVs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3600412/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3600412/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zong, Chenghang -- Lu, Sijia -- Chapman, Alec R -- Xie, X Sunney -- HG005097-1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG005613-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG005097/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HG005613/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008313/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Dec 21;338(6114):1622-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1229164.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23258894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*genetics ; *DNA Copy Number Variations ; DNA, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Genome, Human ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Mutation Rate ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/*methods ; *Point Mutation ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods ; *Single-Cell Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Protecting the right to benefit from science--response (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapman, Audrey R -- Wyndham, Jessica M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 23;341(6148):841-2. doi: 10.1126/science.341.6148.841-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23970682" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; *Human Rights ; Humans ; *Science
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Ecology of Macroscopic Marine Algae (1974)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 5 (1974), S. 65-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.05.110174.000433
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal growth in Laminaria longicruris: Relations with dissolved inorganic nutrients and internal reserves of nitrogen (1977)
    Springer
    Marine biology 40 (1977), S. 197-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Observations have been made on seasonal fluctuations in dissolved inorganic nutrients, internal reserves of nitrogen and growth rates in Laminaria longicruris. The onset of winter growth in shallow-water stations (6 and 9 m) correlated well with improved dissolved nitrate conditions in the sea. During the winter, reserves of NO 3 - were accumulated by the plants and reached maximum values of 150 μmoles per g fresh weight in March. This represents a concentration factor of approximately 28,000 over the ambient levels, or an internal nitrogen reserve of 2.1% of the dry weight of the tissue. Depletion of this nitrogen pool followed the disappearance of the external NO 3 - with a lag period of up to 2 months. Rapid kelp growth was measured during this period. Reserves of organic nitrogen also reached maximum values in March and declined slowly throughout the summer into autumn. It is suggested that the combined inorganic and organic nitrogen reserves sustain the rapid growth rates into July and at reduced rate through the late summer. Fertilization of an experimental perimental kelp bed with NaNO3 increased the internal plant reserves of NO 3 - and produced a much improved summer growth rate. The enriched plants developed very small reserves of carbohydrate during the rapid summer growth phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390875
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecotypic differentiation of Laminaria longicruris in relation to seawater nitrate concentration (1983)
    Springer
    Marine biology 74 (1983), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic differentiation of Laminaria longicruris populations has been demonstrated in nitrate-poor (St. Margaret's Bay) and nitrate-rich (Bay of Fundy) regions of Nova Scotia, Canada. At 9°C half-saturation constants for growth (Ks) were smaller (1.1 μM NO 3 - ) for St. Margaret's Bay plants than for plants from the Bay of Fundy (2.3 μM NO 3 - ). Maximum specific growth rate (μmax) and maximum uptake rate (Vmax) were higher for St. Margaret's Bay than for Fundy plants. However half-saturation constants for nitrate uptake (Km) were similar for plants from the two populations. The capacity to accumulate nitrate in an internal tissue pool was larger in St. Margaret's Bay plants than in Fundy plants. The differences among the populations are thought to be adaptive responses to the local nitrate environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413924
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraspecific geographic-morphological variation patterns in Fucus distichus and F. evanescens (1985)
    Springer
    Marine biology 88 (1985), S. 207-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The intraspecific patterns of morphometric variation were examined in Fucus distichus L. and F. evanescens C.Ag., using samples gathered from 49 sites spread across the North Atlantic. Ten characters were measured on each plant. The data were subjected to bivariate regression analyses, canonical correlation analysis and nested analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was shown that the combined effects of the three environmental variables measured for each site (latitude, longitude and exposure) could only explain 23 and 15% respectively of the intraspecific morphometric variation. Inter-individual, within-site differences accounted for a further 62 and 53%. The remaining variation appears to be expressed on a geographic scale of tens of kilometres at most. Thus, the species seem to take the form of fine-scale phenotypic mosaics, superimposed on weak major clines. Such a pattern has not previously been described for any macroalga, although it is known in some angiosperms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397168
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genetic basis of morphological differentiation in some Laminaria populations (1974)
    Springer
    Marine biology 24 (1974), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Clinal differentiation of stipe traits in Laminaria (simplices) populations occurs on a gradient of exposure to wave action. Crossability tests and the production of fertile hybrids established interfertility between populations from the extremes of the morphological range. Reciprocal transplantation experiments between exposed and sheltered sites did not produce significant changes in stipe morphology. Quantitative genetic analysis of the degree of resemblance between relatives indicated a relatively high genetic component in the interpopulation differentiation. This is consistent with the results of the transplantation experiments. Within-population heritability estimates at the exposed site were low, perhaps because of intensive local stabilising selection which acts to reduce genetic variability. The question of conspecificity of L. saccharina and L. longicruris in view of these results is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402851
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Net productivity of two cohorts of Chordaria flagelliformis (Phaeophyta) in Nova Scotia, Canada (1982)
    Springer
    Marine biology 71 (1982), S. 107-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Productivities of two cohorts of Chordaria flagelliformis (O. F. Müll.) C. Ag. were estimated from measured changes in biomass and survivorship over time. Maximum productivity during the summer growing season was 2.6 g C m-2 d-1. Although this figure is relatively high, the short growing season results in an annual production of only 89 g C m-2. The significance of primary production by C. flagelliformis lies in its seasonal timing. During the summer growth period, 50% of production was recycled directly by detrital material. During the same time period, productivity and biomass losses of other seaweeds are at their lowest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396998
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