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  • 1
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    Ocean science. Highly active eddies (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michaels, Anthony F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):992-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. tony@usc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments ; Oceanography ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/analysis ; Photosynthesis ; Plankton/*growth & development/physiology ; *Seawater/chemistry ; Silicon Dioxide/analysis ; *Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Environment. Ocean iron fertilization--moving forward in a sea of uncertainty (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buesseler, Ken O -- Doney, Scott C -- Karl, David M -- Boyd, Philip W -- Caldeira, Ken -- Chai, Fei -- Coale, Kenneth H -- de Baar, Hein J W -- Falkowski, Paul G -- Johnson, Kenneth S -- Lampitt, Richard S -- Michaels, Anthony F -- Naqvi, S W A -- Smetacek, Victor -- Takeda, Shigenobu -- Watson, Andrew J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 11;319(5860):162. doi: 10.1126/science.1154305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. kbuesseler@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18187642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Climate ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; *Ecosystem ; *Iron/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development ; *Seawater/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Acantharian fluxes and strontium to chlorinity ratios in the north pacific ocean (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-09-18
    Description: Data on particulate strontium sulfate fluxes and strontium to chlorinity ratios were compared to provide insights into the strontium cycle of the North Pacific. Freedrifting sediment traps were used to derive large particle fluxes between depths of 100 and 3500 meters in the eastern and western North Pacific Ocean. Flux data revealed substantial quantities of acantharian skeletons and cysts (both made of strontium sulfate) settling through the upper kilometer of the water column. The greatest fluxes of celestite were detected at 400 meters. Minimal to nondetectable fluxes noted at and below 900 meters provide evidence that by this horizon, the majority of acantharian specimens had dissolved, thereby contributing to the pool of dissolved strontium. Growth and subsequent dissolution of acantharians in the upper kilometer are qualitatively consistent with the well-developed minimum and maximum strontium to chlorinity ratios that are consistently noted in these waters. These fluxes of particulate strontium and model calculations for fluxes of dissolved strontium indicate that acantharians play an important role in the ocean's strontium budget.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernstein, R E -- Betzer, P R -- Feely, R A -- Byrne, R H -- Lamb, M F -- Michaels, A F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Sep 18;237(4821):1490-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17816791" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Ocean iron fertilization - Moving forward in a sea of uncertainty. (2008)
    In:  EPIC3Science, 319(5860), 162 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of mesoscale eddies on new production in the Sargasso Sea (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 394 (1998), S. 263-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It is problematic that geochemical estimates of new production — that fraction of total primary production in surface waters fuelled by externally supplied nutrients — in oligotrophic waters of the open ocean surpass that which can be sustained by the traditionally accepted ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/28367
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertical distribution and abundance of Acantharia and their symbionts (1988)
    Springer
    Marine biology 97 (1988), S. 559-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microzooplankton was sampled during two cruises (Galápagos Vents, March 1985; Tongue of the Ocean and western edge of the Sargasso Sea, October/November 1985) by various collection methods (Niskin bottles, plankton nets, divers) to determine the vertical distribution and abundance of Acantharia. The larger size classes of Protozoa are dominated by the sarcodines, and Acantharia are frequently the most abundant of these in mesotrophic and oligotrophic oceans. The absolute densities of Acantharia have been consistently underestimated in many previous studies for two reasons: their skeletons dissolve in preserved samples, and they are undersampled by fine-meshed plankton nets. The previously identified dissolution problem may be less severe for concentrated samples because the dissolution of a portion of the Acantharia will raise the dissolved strontium concentration in the sample. Twenty five and 160 μm-mesh plankton nets consistently underestimate the abundance of net plankton by one to two orders of magnitude. Possible reasons for this significant error are discussed. In the Equatorial Pacific Ocean, Acantharia were found at densities as high as 30 liter-1 and integrated abundances of 1.58 to 5.34x105 Acantharia m-2. Up to 90% were concentrated near the surface; their abundance declined sharply below 20 m. At two stations in the Atlantic, peak densities reached 6.4 liter-1. Wind-mixing may spread individuals more evenly through the euphotic zone, but they reestablish their surface maximum during period of calm. Acantharia generally have relatively few, but large symbionts. Small individuals average about 6 symbionts per host, larger hosts average 40 symbionts, and some individuals may have thousands of algal cells. Acantharia symbionts made up less than 1% of the chlorophyll in the water column, even at their host's peak abundances of 30 liter-1. However, production estimates, using published sarcodine-symbiont production-rates, suggest that Acantharia could occasionally account for up to 20% or more of the carbon fixation in the upper euphotic zone of oligotrophic oceans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391052
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen and phosphorus budgets of the North Atlantic Ocean and its watershed (1996)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 35 (1996), S. 3-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Anthropogenic food and energy production extensively mobilize reactive nitrogen (N) in the watershed of the North Atlantic Ocean (NAO). There is wide spread N distribution by both hydrologic and atmospheric processes within the watershed of the NAO, resulting in reactive N accumulation in terrestrial systems. Net denitrification in most estuaries and continental shelves exceeds the amount of N supplied to the shelves by rivers and requires a supply of nitrate from the open ocean. Thus riverine N is only transported to the open ocean in a few areas with the flow from a few major rivers (e.g., Amazon). Atmospheric N deposition to the open ocean has increased and may increase the productivity of the surface ocean. In addition, as a consequence of increased Fe deposition to the open ocean (due in part to anthropogenic processes), the rate of biological N-fixation may have increased resulting in N accumulation in the ocean. Phosphorus (P) is also mobilized by anthropogenic processes (primarily food production). Relative to N, more of the P is transported across the shelf to the open ocean from both estuaries and major rivers. There are several consequences of the increased availability of N and P that are unique to each element. However, the control on primary productivity in both coastal and open ocean ecosystems is dependent on a complex and poorly understood interaction between N and P mobilization and availability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02179823
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inputs, losses and transformations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the pelagic North Atlantic Ocean (1996)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 35 (1996), S. 181-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The North Atlantic Ocean receives the largest allochthonous supplies of nitrogen of any ocean basin because of the close proximity of industrialized nations. In this paper, we describe the major standing stocks, fluxes and transformations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the pelagic regions of the North Atlantic, as one part of a larger effort to understand the entire N and P budgets in the North Atlantic Ocean, its watersheds and overlying atmosphere. The primary focus is on nitrogen, however, we consider both nitrogen and phosphorus because of the close inter-relationship between the N and P cycles in the ocean. The oceanic standing stocks of N and P are orders of magnitude larger than the annual amount transported off continents or deposited from the atmosphere. Atmospheric deposition can have an impact on oceanic nitrogen cycling at locations near the coasts where atmospheric sources are large, or in the centers of the highly stratified gyres where little nitrate is supplied to the surface by vertical mixing of the ocean. All of the reactive nitrogen transported to the coasts in rivers is denitrified or buried in the estuaries or on the continental shelves and an oceanic source of nitrate of 0.7–0.95 × 1012 moles NO 3 −1 y−1 is required to supply the remainder of the shelf denitrification (Nixon et al., this volume). The horizontal fluxes of nitrate caused by the ocean circulation are both large and uncertain. Even the sign of the transport across the equator is uncertain and this precludes a conclusion on whether the North Atlantic Ocean as a whole is a net source or sink of nitrate. We identify a source of nitrate of 3.7–6.4 × 1012 moles NO 3 − y−1 within the main thermocline of the Sargasso Sea that we infer is caused by nitrogen fixation. This nitrate source may explain the nitrate divergence observed by Rintoul & Wunsch (1991) in the mid-latitude gyre. The magnitude of nitrogen fixation inferred from this nitrate source would exceed previous estimates of global nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen fixation requires substantial quantities of iron as a micro-nutrient and the calculated iron requirement is comparable to the rates supplied by the deposition of iron associated with Saharan dust. Interannual variability in dust inputs is large and could cause comparable signals in the nitrogen fixation rate. The balance of the fluxes across the basin boundaries suggest that the total stocks of nitrate and phosphate in the North Atlantic may be increasing on time-scales of centuries. Some of the imbalance is related to the inferred nitrogen fixation in the gyre and the atmospheric deposition of nitrogen, both of which may be influenced by human activities. However, the fluxes of dissolved organic nutrients are almost completely unknown and they have the potential to alter our perception of the overall mass balance of the North Atlantic Ocean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02179827
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  • 9
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    Inputs, losses and transformations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the pelagic North Atlantic Ocean (1996)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0168-2563
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-515X
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Nitrogen and phosphorus budgets of the North Atlantic Ocean and its watershed (1996)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0168-2563
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-515X
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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