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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uniformity of plants regenerated from somatic embryos of Panicum maximum Jacq. (Guinea grass) (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1984), S. 155-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cereals/grasses ; Genetic variability ; Guinea grass ; Panicum maximum ; Plant tissue culture ; Somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Plants were regenerated by somatic embryogenesis from cultured leaf segments of Panicum maximum Jacq. (Guinea grass). All plants were phenotypically similar to the donor plant from which expiants were obtained for culture. Examination of the cytological and morphological characteristics of the regenerated plants did not show any changes in mitotic (root tip) chromosome number, structural rearrangements of chromosomes, pollen stainability and morphological characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317023
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of biomass production, cytology and phenotypes of plants regenerated from embryogenic callus cultures of Pennisetum americanum x P. purpureum (hybrid triploid napiergrass) (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1986), S. 4-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Biomass ; Gramineae ; Genetic variability ; Hybrid triploid napiergrass ; Pennisetum ; Plant tissue culture ; Somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Five hundred and twenty-four plants of a triploid, sexually sterile hybrid napiergrass (Pennisetum americanum x P. purpureum; 3x=21) were regenerated from embryogenic callus cultures obtained from segments of young inflorescences. Replicated field trials were conducted for two consecutive years to compare the biomass yield, phenotype and cytology of tissue culture regenerants (TC) and vegetatively propagated (V) plants. In the first year total biomass yield of TC plants was significantly greater than V plants but there was no significant difference in the second year. TC plants had more tillers compared to V plants. V plants did not show any morphological variability. The TC population also exhibited a high degree of phenotypic stability (96%). There were 23 phenotypic variants in the TC population of 524, most of them being more dwarf and late-flowering. Detailed morphological analysis of the TC-variant plants suggests that they very likely arose from only a few variant cell lines. Cytological analysis indicated stability of the triploid status in randomly selected regenerants. Two of the morphological variants were hexaploids (6x=42). It is concluded that embryogenic callus cultures can provide useful alternative for the rapid propagation of hybrid napier-grass which is commonly propagated by cuttings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273710
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of callus types for long-term maintenance and regeneration from commercial cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 79 (1990), S. 609-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cereals ; Gramineae ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Immature embryos, inflorescences, and anthers of eight commercial cultivars of Triticum aestivum (wheat) formed embryogenic callus on a variety of media. Immature embryos (1.0–1.5 mm long) were found to be most suitable for embryogenic callus formation while anthers responded poorly; inflorescences gave intermediate values. Immature embryos of various cultivars showed significant differences in callus formation in response to 11 of the 12 media tested. No significant differences were observed when the embryos were cultred under similar conditions on MS medium with twice the concentration of inorganic salts, supplemented with 2,4-D, casein hydrolysate and glutamine. Furthermore, with inflorescences also no significant differences were observed. Explants on callus formation media formed two types of embryogenic calli: an off-white, compact, and nodular callus and a white compact callus. Upon successive subcultures (approximately 5 months), the nodular embryogenic callus became more prominent and was identified as ‘aged callus’. The aged callus upon further subculture, formed an off-white, soft, and friable embryogenic callus. Both the aged and friable calli maintained their embryogenic capacity over many subculture passages (to date up to 19 months). All embryogenic calli (1 month old) from the different callus-forming media, irrespective of expiant source, formed only green shoots on regeneration media that developed to maturity in the greenhouse. There were no significant differences in the response of calli derived from embryos and inflorescences cultured on the different initiation media. Also, the shoot-forming capacity of the cultivars was not significantly different. Anther-derived calli formed the least shoots. Aged and friable calli on regeneration media also formed green shoots but at lower frequencies. Plants from long-term culture have also been grown to maturity in soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226873
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of amino acid analogue-resistant cell lines for selection of Nicotiana sylvestris somatic cell hybrids (1979)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 55 (1979), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Nicotiana sylvestris ; Somatic cell hybridization ; Amino acid analogue ; Resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Nicotiana sylvestris cell lines resistant to the amino acid analogues S-2-aminoethyl-cysteine (AECR), or 5-methyl-tryptophan (5MTR), were isolated in suspension culture. Assuming these resistances to be dominant, we have attempted to determine if such variant cell lines can be used to select double resistant somatic cell hybrids. A total of 1.8 × 104 control calli from mixed AECR and 5MTR protoplasts, and AECR and 5MTR homokaryotic fusions were placed on double analogue selection, but none survived. Eight somatic hybrid calli (0.8%), able to grow without inhibition on the double analogue selection medium, were obtained after AECR + 5MTR protoplast fusion. These were further determined as hybrids on the basis of resistance level, chromosome number, and chlorophyll content, all characteristics differing in the parental cell lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295435
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and culture of cereal protoplasts (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 56 (1980), S. 97-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Pearl millet ; Pennisetum americanum ; Cereals ; Protoplasts ; Embryogenesis ; Plant regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Protoplasts isolated from embryogenic suspension cultures derived from immature embryos of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) gave rise to cell masses. These cell masses upon transfer to a hormone-free medium formed embryoids, which further developed into plantlets with roots and shoots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265079
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaf tissues of Panicum maximum Jacq. (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 275-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cereals/grasses ; Guinea grass ; Panicum maximum Jacq. ; Plant regeneration ; Somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Somatic embryogenesis was induced in proliferating leaf segments of Panicum maximum Jacq., cultured on Murashige and Skoog's nutrient medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and coconut milk. The embryoids gave rise to plants on a medium containing gibberellic acid. The plants were successfully transplanted to soil and grown to maturity. Histological examination of proliferating leaves showed that the embryogenic callus tissue was formed by divisions in cells of the lower epidermis as well as the mesophyll tissue. The regenerated plants showed the normal chromosome number of 2n=4x=32.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264979
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaf tissues and anthers of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cereals/grasses ; Elephant or napier grass ; Pennisetum purpureum ; Plant regeneration ; Somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Expiants obtained from leaves of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. gave rise to callus tissues when cultured on Murashige and Skoog's nutrient medium containing only 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), or 2,4-D supplemented with naphthalene-acetic acid and/or 6-benzylaminopurine. Embryoids were formed in the white, compact and highly organised areas of the callus and developed into plants. Histological examination of cultured leaf segments showed that the callus tissue was formed by division in cells of the mesophyll tissue as well as the lower epidermis. A rapidly growing embryogenic callus tissue was also obtained apparently from the somatic tissues of anthers of P. purpureum, and induced to form plants through somatic embryogenesis. Plants obtained from leaf and anther culture were grown to maturity, and were shown to have the normal chromosome number of 2n = 4x = 28.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264978
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of callus and somatic embryos from protoplasts of a commercial hybrid of maize (Zea mays L.) (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 793-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cereals ; Gramineae ; Maize ; Protoplasts ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Suspension culture ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Protoplasts isolated from a totipotent embryogenic cell suspension culture of Zea mays L. (cultivar ‘Dekalb XL82’) underwent sustained cell divisions when cultured in liquid as well as agarose media. Optimal colony formation (5%) occurred in a liquid medium containing 0.5 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). A soft and unorganized callus was formed when the protocolonies were transferred to agar solidified suspension maintenance medium. Compact, organized and yellow to pale green folded structures and somatic embryos were formed upon subsequent transfer of this callus to a low 2,4-D medium. Clusters of somatic embryos germinated precociously but no plants were recovered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289381
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of DNA size, content and cell cycle in leaves of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 681-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cell cycle ; Embryogenic competence ; Nuclear DNA ; Pennisetum purpureum ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mesophyll cell nuclei isolated from leaves of Pennisetum purpureum were analysed by flow cytometry to determine the nuclear DNA content and the percentage of cells in different phases of the cell cycle. Samples taken from base, middle and tip regions of leaves 2 to 8 (leaf 1, which was adjacent to the meristem, was too small to sample) showed no significant differences in the amount of DNA per G1 nucleus due to either age or position. The average amount of DNA per G1 nucleus was 5.78 pg. Although the majority of cells for each sample were in G1, samples taken from older leaves had higher percentages of cells in G2 and S phases. More specifically, base and middle regions of older leaves had a higher percentage of cells in G2 than all three positions in younger leaves. Electrophoretic analysis of nuclear DNA from leaves 2 to 7 showed no evidence of degradation or difference in fragment size for any sample or position. This study was compared to previous work on the relationship between leaf age and embryogenic competence in Pennisetum purpureum. The results suggest that changes in the cell cycle, and/or a loss or fragmentation of the nuclear DNA, are not responsible for loss of embryogenic competence in mature leaf tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247541
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The expression and perpetuation of inherent somatic variation in regenerants from embryogenic cultures of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. (pearl millet) (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 409-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Gramineae ; Genetic analysis ; Pennisetum glaucum ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Genetic analysis was conducted on the qualitative and quantitative traits of sexual progeny derived from embryogenic cultures of two inbred lines of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. (pearl millet). These lines included a genetically stable inbred of Tift 23 BE and a genetic marker line, derived from Tift 23BE, which bore qualitative genetic markers for a dominant purple plant trait (P) and two recessive traits, early flowering (e1) and yellow stripe (ys). Tissue culture regenerant populations (R0) and progeny populations (R1) produced from these plants by selfing showed no qualitative genetic variation when derived from the genetically stable inbred Tift 23BE. In contrast, stably inherited qualitative variation for a number of genetic markers was observed in R0, R1, and R2 progeny of the genetic marker line. In a population of 1,911 plants regenerated over a 12-month period, 0.02% of the population lost or showed reduced expression of the purple plant trait and 92% of plants were chlorophyll deficient. Plants showing reduction or loss of anthocyanin synthesis also flowered later. None of the purple plants showed any significant variation in flowering time. The incidence of chlorophyll deficiency increased with time in culture, 51 % of the progeny regenerated after 1 month were chlorophyll deficient, while 100% of the plants regnerated after 12 months were chlorophyll deficient. Qualitative variation was also observed in control populations of the genetic marker line where 1 plant in a total of 1,010 lacked purple pigmentation and a total of 6% showed chlorophyll variation in the first generation (S0). The presence of qualitative variation in controls suggests that the inherent variation present in the original explant was expressed and perpetuated in vitro. Quantitative variation was observed for a number of traits in the first sexual cycle (R1) of the marker line but did not occur in a subsequent generation, suggesting that this variation was epigenetic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210081
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