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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uniformity of plants regenerated from somatic embryos of Panicum maximum Jacq. (Guinea grass) (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 67 (1984), S. 155-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cereals/grasses ; Genetic variability ; Guinea grass ; Panicum maximum ; Plant tissue culture ; Somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Plants were regenerated by somatic embryogenesis from cultured leaf segments of Panicum maximum Jacq. (Guinea grass). All plants were phenotypically similar to the donor plant from which expiants were obtained for culture. Examination of the cytological and morphological characteristics of the regenerated plants did not show any changes in mitotic (root tip) chromosome number, structural rearrangements of chromosomes, pollen stainability and morphological characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317023
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Species relationship in the Pennisetum gene pool: enzyme polymorphism (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 801-808 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Pennisetum ; Gene pool ; Isozyme variation ; Esterases ; Sectional taxa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Variation in leaf esterases (EST), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH), leucine aminopeptidase (AMP), phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is reported in the Pennisetum gene pool. In the primary gene pool, polymorphism for EST, AMP, SKDH was very high, as compared to the near-monomorphic isozymes of PGD. Two loci controlling leaf esterases Est-1 and Est-2, were identified in the primary gene pool. Differences in allelic frequency distribution of the polymorphic Est-1 locus occur between the cultivated and wild pearl millet. The prevalent alleles of Est-1 are absent in P. purpureum Schumach (secondary gene pool). A monomorphic band of the α-esterase-specific Est-2 locus was identified in most of the secondary gene pool accessions, P. squamulatum Fresen and an accession of P. pedicellatum. SKDH and EST revealed differences between most of the tertiary gene pool species. By contrast, a PGD zymogram was prevalent in several species of different sectional taxa. Gene duplication for PGD isozymes occurs in the diploid species, P. ramosum, of the tertiary gene pool. Heterodimers of PGD and EST were observed in the hybrid between pearl millet and P. squamulatum, whereas a monomeric structure characterized SKDH and AMP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266662
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term storage of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. pollen (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 79 (1990), S. 605-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Pearl millet ; Pollen viability ; Freezing pollen ; Pollen moisture content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] pollen has been successfully stored for 2,615 and 2,911 days at -18° and -73 °C, respectively, and continues to be viable. Viability of pollen stored at -73 °C appears to be little affected either by pollen storage moisture contents below 7.2% or by storage in glass vial or zip-lock plastic bag containers. Pollen moisture content appears to be more critical for maintaining viability at -18°C than at -73°C. Glass vials appear to be more desirable for longer term (〉3 years) storage at -18°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226872
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The expression and perpetuation of inherent somatic variation in regenerants from embryogenic cultures of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. (pearl millet) (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 409-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Gramineae ; Genetic analysis ; Pennisetum glaucum ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Genetic analysis was conducted on the qualitative and quantitative traits of sexual progeny derived from embryogenic cultures of two inbred lines of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. (pearl millet). These lines included a genetically stable inbred of Tift 23 BE and a genetic marker line, derived from Tift 23BE, which bore qualitative genetic markers for a dominant purple plant trait (P) and two recessive traits, early flowering (e1) and yellow stripe (ys). Tissue culture regenerant populations (R0) and progeny populations (R1) produced from these plants by selfing showed no qualitative genetic variation when derived from the genetically stable inbred Tift 23BE. In contrast, stably inherited qualitative variation for a number of genetic markers was observed in R0, R1, and R2 progeny of the genetic marker line. In a population of 1,911 plants regenerated over a 12-month period, 0.02% of the population lost or showed reduced expression of the purple plant trait and 92% of plants were chlorophyll deficient. Plants showing reduction or loss of anthocyanin synthesis also flowered later. None of the purple plants showed any significant variation in flowering time. The incidence of chlorophyll deficiency increased with time in culture, 51 % of the progeny regenerated after 1 month were chlorophyll deficient, while 100% of the plants regnerated after 12 months were chlorophyll deficient. Qualitative variation was also observed in control populations of the genetic marker line where 1 plant in a total of 1,010 lacked purple pigmentation and a total of 6% showed chlorophyll variation in the first generation (S0). The presence of qualitative variation in controls suggests that the inherent variation present in the original explant was expressed and perpetuated in vitro. Quantitative variation was observed for a number of traits in the first sexual cycle (R1) of the marker line but did not occur in a subsequent generation, suggesting that this variation was epigenetic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210081
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transfer of germ plasm from the secondary to the primary gene pool in pennisetum (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 200-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Pennisetum glaucum ; Pennisetum purpureum ; Pearl millet ; Genome segregation ; Germ plasm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Germ plasm from the A′-genome of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. (A′A′BB) of the secondary gene pool was transferred to cultivated pearl millet (AA) [P. glaucum (L.) R. Br.] by pollinating cytoplasmicnuclear male-sterile (cms) pearl millet with fertile allohexaploid pearl millet x P. purpureum hybrids (AAA′A′BB). Certain allohexaploids used as pollinators on cms pearl millet resulted in 14-chromosome diploid pearl millet progenies. Three types of diploid pearl millet plants were produced in addition to the expected 28-chromosome AAA′B-genome plants: (1) cms plants with only the A-genome, (2) cms plants with the A- and A′-genomes, and (3) fertile plants with the A- and A′-genomes. The latter group has allowed the utilization of genes for fertility restoration, stiff stalk, maturity, height, and morphological characteristics from the A′-genome of P. purpureum in the pearl millet breeding program. Production of monoploid gametes by the allohexaploids appeared to be genetically controlled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224387
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmission of the apomictic mode of reproduction in Pennisetum: co-inheritance of the trait and molecular markers (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 85 (1993), S. 632-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Apomixis ; Agamospermy ; Pearl millet ; Interspecific hybrids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Apomixis, asexual reproduction through seed, is an obligate mode of reproduction in several species from the genus Pennisetum. Transfer of apomixis to sexual, cultivated pearl millet (P. glaucum) from a wild species P. squamulatum has resulted in an obligate apomictic backcross line with a low, but unknown number, of chromosomes from the wild species. Molecular markers (restriction fragment length polymorphisms and random amplified polymorphic DNAs) have been identified that unequivocally demonstrate the presence of P. squamulatum DNA in BC3. Three of the informative RFLP clones have been sequenced and converted to sequence-tagged sites that can be amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Molecular genetic analysis of more advanced back-cross individuals, using the two types of polymerase chain reaction-based molecular markers, has demonstrated co-inheritance of apomictic reproduction and two of the molecular markers. The remaining five molecular markers generally co-segregate with each other but are not linked with the mode of reproduction. These results suggest that genes for apomixis apparently can be transmitted by a single chromosome. Chromosome-specific markers will provide a starting point for the mapping of this genetically intractable reproductive trait.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220923
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular markers shared by diverse apomictic Pennisetum species (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 89 (1994), S. 636-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Apomixis ; Agamospermy ; Pearl Millet ; Interspecific hybrids ; RFLP ; RAPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two molecular markers, a RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) and a RFLP/STS (restriction fragment length polymorphism/sequence-tagged site), previously were found associated with apomictic reproductive behavior in a backcross population produced to transfer apomixis from Pennisetum squamulatum to pearl millet. The occurrence of these molecular markers in a range of 29 accessions of Pennisetum comprising 11 apomictic and 8 sexual species was investigated. Both markers were specific for apomictic species in Pennisetum. The RFLP/STS marker, UGT 197, was found to be associated with all taxa that displayed apomictic reproductive behavior except those in section Brevivalvula. Neither UGT197 nor the cloned RAPD fragment OPC-04600 hybridized with any sexually reproducing representatives of the genus. The cloned C04600 was associated with 3 of the 11 apomictic species, P. ciliare, P. massaicum, and P. squamulatum. UGT197 was more consistently associated with apomictic reproductive behavior than OPC04600 or cloned C04600, thus it could be inferred that UGT197 is more closely linked to the gene(s) for apomixis than the cloned C04600. The successful use of these probes to survey other Pennisetum species indicates that apomixis is a trait that can be followed across species by using molecular means. This technique of surveying species within a genus will be useful in determining the relative importance of newly isolated markers and may facilitate the identification of the apomixis gene(s).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222459
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular markers for rust and pyricularia leaf spot disease resistance in pearl millet (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 413-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Disease resistance ; Genetic mapping ; Pearl millet ; Pennisetum glaucum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.] is a warm-season grass used for food, feed, fodder and forage, primarily in countries of Africa and India but grown around the world. The two most-destructive diseases to pearl millet in the United States are rust (caused by Puccinia substriata var. indica) and pyricularia leaf spot (caused by Pyricularia grisea). Genes for disease resistance to both pathogens have been transferred into agronomically acceptable forage and grain cultivars. A study was undertaken to identify molecular markers for three rust loci and one pyricularia resistance locus. Three segregating populations were screened for RAPDs using random decamer primers and for RFLPs using a core set of probes detecting single-copy markers on the pearl millet map. The rust resistance gene Rr 1 from the pearl millet subspecies P. glaucum ssp. monodii was linked 8.5 cM from the RAPD OP-G8350. The linkage of two RFLP markers, Xpsm108 (15.5 cM) and Xpsm174 (17.7 cM), placed the Rr 1 gene on linkage-group 3 of the pearl millet map. Rust resistance genes from both Tift 89D2 and ICMP 83506 were placed on linkage-group 4 by determining genetic linkage to the RFLP marker Xpsm716 (4.9 and 0.0 cM, respectively). Resistance in ICMP 83506 was also linked to the RFLP marker Xpsm306 (10.0 cM), while resistance in Tift 89D2 was linked to RAPD markers OP-K19350 (8.8 cM) and OP-O8350 (19.6 cM). Fragments from OP-K19 and OP-O8 in the ICMP 83506 population, and Xpsm306 in the Tift 89D2 population, were monomorphic. Only one RAPD marker (OP-D11700, 5.6 cM) was linked to pyricularia leaf spot resistance. Attempts to detect polymorphisms with rice RFLP probes linked to rice blast resistance (Pyricularia oryzae; syn=P. grisea) were unsuccessful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050757
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic characterization and floral development of female sterile and stubby head, two aposporous mutants of pearl millet (1997)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 10 (1997), S. 127-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Key words Agamospermy ; Apomixis ; Apospory ; Floral development ; Mutant ; Pennisetum glaucum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Apomixis has never been reported in natural populations of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.], although many wild relatives of pearl millet are obligate or facultative aposporous apomicts. Four-nucleate aposporous embryo sacs are formed from somatic cells of the nucellus that do not undergo meiosis. Two mutants of pearl millet, female sterile (fs) and stubby head, have two developmental characteristics in common: a significant reduction in head length compared with the wild-type and the formation of aposporous embryo sacs. Reproductive development in fs and stubby head mutants was examined in depth because of the potential for illuminating basic cellular or developmental factors that may function to alter embryo sac development. Genetic analysis of stubby head showed that this phenotype is conferred by genes at two loci linked in coupling within 29 cM. Crosses between fs and stubby head mutants showed that, despite the similarities in phenotypes, the mutations are at different loci. The mutants differ from wild-type in their inflorescence structure from the time of initiation of spikelet primordia through terminal differentiation of the ovule. Both mutations could be categorized as meristic, since a change in inflorescence branch or organ number was common and gynoecium development varied. We speculate that heterochronic development of the floral meristem and organ initiation/specification programs may be the underlying mechanism for phenotypic changes in these mutants throughout the floral phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004970050079
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of 27-, 28-, and 56-chromosome apomictic hybrid derivatives between pearl millet (2n=14) and Pennisetum squamulatum (2n=54) (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 38 (1988), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Pennisetum americanum ; pearl millet ; Pennisetum squamulatum ; interspecific hybrids ; unreduced egg ; polyhaploid ; apomixis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An interspecific hybridization program designed to transfer gene(s) controlling apomixis from Pennisetum squamulatum Fresen. (2n=6x=54) to induced tetraploid (2n=4x=28) cultivated pearl millet, Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke resulted in four offtype plants, two with 27 chromosomes and two with 28 chromosomes. These plants were found among 217 spaced plants established from open-pollinated seed of an apomictic 21-chromosome polyhaploid (2n=21) plant derived from an apomictic interspecific hybrid (2n=41) between tetraploid pearl millet and Pennisetum squamulatum. It appeared that a 21- (or 20-) chromosome unreduced egg from the apomictic polyhaploid united with a 7-chromosome pearl millet (2n=2x=14) gamete to produce a 28- (or 27-) chromosome offspring. Meiotic chromosome behavior was irregular averaging from 3.60 to 4.05 bivalents per microsporocyte in the 27- and 28-chromosome hybrids. The 27- or 28-chromosome hybrids, like the 21-chromosome female parent, shed no pollen, but set from 1.8 to 28 seed per panicle when allowed to outcross with pearl millet. Progeny of the 28-chromosome hybrids were uniform and identical to their respective female parents, indicating that apomixis had been effectively transferred through the egg. In addition, a 56-chromosome plant resulting from chromosome doubling of a 28-chromosome hybrid was identified. Pollen was 68 per cent stainable and the plant averaged 2.3 selfed seeds per panicle. Chromosomes of the 56-chromosome plant paired as bivalents (x=10.67) or associated in multivalents. Three to nine chromosomes remained unpaired at metaphase I. Multiple four-nucleate embryo sacs indicated the 56-chromosome hybrid was an obligate apomict. The production of 27-, 28-, and 56-chromosome hybrid derivatives were the results of interspecific hybridization, haploidization, fertilization of unreduced apomictic eggs, and spontaneous chromosome doubling. These mechanisms resulted in new unique genome combinations between x=7 and x=9 Pennisetum species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023525
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