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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of Fishery Records from Cow Green Reservoir, Upper Teesdale, 1971–1975 (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 8 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1977.tb00206.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of Fishery Records from Cow Green Reservoir, Upper Teesdale, 1971–1980 (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 13 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Apart from some irregularities reflecting changes in permit costs (1975) and the effects of drought (1976), there were increases in angler-visits, catch per angler-visit and number of fish caught during the first 5 years of the fishery. Thereafter, there were about 1000–1500 angler-visits per season, a mean catch of 1.0–1.2 trout per angler-visit and an annual catch of 1200–1800 trout. Between 1971 and 1980 the mean weight of the fish caught fell from 472 to 349 g.During the period 1976–1980 the mean catch per angler-visit was 1.2 fish. This compares favourably with results from a selection of upland and lowland British reservoirs. The mean weight of individual trout caught was 362 kg and this value is typical of both stocked and unstocked upland reservoirs. The mean annual catch during 1976–1980 was about 2 kg ha−1. This is similar to the values observed in other unstocked upland reservoirs. The gross yield from such reservoirs can be increased by stocking but the limited data available suggest that at stocking rates above about 5 kg ha−1 the net yield (i.e. weight caught — weight stocked) becomes negative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1982.tb00032.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental studies on planting artificial stream channels with unfed and six weeks fed salmon (Salmo salar L.) and trout (S. trutta L.) fry/parr (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ecology of freshwater fish 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract– Experimental comparisons were made between release as unfed fry and release as six weeks fed parr, upon the growth and final population density of young salmon and trout over a ten week period. Salmon and trout released into experimental channels as unfed fry at densities of about 19 fish. m-2 showed rapid reduction in numbers, chiefly by downstream dispersal, accompanied by negligible growth. After substantial reduction in numbers, there was a reduced rate of dispersal and rapid growth. Salmon and trout retained in a hatchery at high density (80 to 200 fish. m-2) and fed for six weeks on proprietary food showed slow, but measurable, growth. After release into the channels these fish adjusted their numbers, mainly by downstream dispersal, and showed an increased growth rate. At the end of a ten week period, salmon introduced as fed parr had approximately twice the population density of salmon introduced as unfed fry. No similar difference in population density could be shown for trout. For both species, the fish introduced as fed parr had a lower mean weight after ten weeks than had the fish introduced as unfed fry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.1996.tb00038.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dispersal and growth rate of O-group salmon (Salmo salar L.) from point-stocking together with some information from scatter-stocking (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ecology of freshwater fish 4 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract– Experiments on the dispersal of O-group salmon from a ‘point-stocking’ were made in 1988, 1989, 1990 and 1991 in Bollihope Burn, Co. Durham. Experiments on ‘scatter-stocking’ were made in 1992 and 1993, but the 1992 experiment was aborted for technical reasons. In each year the fish were stocked as fry in spring and their distribution in September was ascertained by electrofishing. Some fish from point-stocking dispersed up to 50 m upstream or 500 m downstream of the stocking point, but the majority remained close to the stocking point. This gave rise to considerable spatial variation in September population density and fish weight, which could be modelled by semi-logarithmic curves. Survival from point-stocking was 19% and 14% in 1988 and 1989, respectively. Approximately 20 to 25% of the September survivors from point-stocking were found upstream of the release point. Scatter-stocking gave relatively little variation in population density or fish weight in September, and estimated survival was 27%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.1995.tb00021.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproductive investment of female brown trout, Salmo trutta L., in a stream and reservoir system in northern England (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 44 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Within the basin of Cow Green reservoir, upper Teesdale, the brown trout, Salmo trutta L., spend their first two seasons in running water. After this some females remain resident and others migrate to Cow Green reservoir. A cohort of 1000 females at age 2 that remains resident in tributary streams will, during the lifetime of the cohort, lay, on average, 3·0 times as many eggs as a cohort which resides in the reservoir. This conclusion is apparently not consistent with the observation that most females take up reservoir residence.Reservoir females have a higher growth rate (Walford constant k=0·61, c.f. 0·86 for stream residents) and shorter life expectancy (M year−1= 1·19, c.f. 0·56) than the stream residents. However, they are of larger average size than the stream residents, lay larger eggs (mean 0·074 g, c.f. 0·066 g) and bury them more deeply (mean depth 11·0 cm, c.f. 8·5 cm).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1994.tb01211.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ability of U.K. salmonid alevins to emerge through a sand layer (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 43 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Artificial redds were used to examine the effect of layers of sand at the gravel surface upon the emergence of trout and salmon. Alevins of both species can negotiate sand layers up to 8 cm thick.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb00451.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stream channel experiments on downstream movement of recently emerged trout, Salmo trutta L., and salmon, S. salar L.—111. Effects of developmental stage and day and night upon dispersal (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 39 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Four experimental stream channels were used to examine the temporal pattern of downstream dispersal of young salmon and trout at four constant water velocities from the time of emergence from the gravel onwards.At low water velocities (c. 8.0 cm s −1) young salmon showed a high rate of dispersal which was maintained until a very low population density was attained. At higher velocities salmon showed a lower rate of dispersal and the final population density was higher. Trout showed a low dispersal rate at low velocity and higher rates at higher velocities. However, the final trout population density was similar at all water velocities because the low dispersal rate observed at the low velocity persisted for a much longer period than did the higher values at the higher water velocities. The results do not support the view that young salmonids have a narrow and definable period of sensitivity to water velocity.Dispersal rates were significantly higher by night than by day (P 〈0.001) at all velocities for both fish species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04369.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stream channel experiments on downstream movement of recently emerged trout, Salmo trutta L., and salmon, S. salar L.—11. Effects of constant and changing velocities and of day and night upon dispersal rate (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 39 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Four experimental stream channels were used to study instantaneous downstream dispersal rates of young trout and salmon relative to day and night, constant low and high water velocities and changes of velocity from high to low and vice versa.At high and low velocity for trout and at high velocity for salmon, the dispersal rate was higher by night than by day. Changes of velocity during daytime from high to low or low to high for trout and from high to low for salmon, were associated with much higher dispersal rates than were constant velocities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04368.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of impoundment on populations of bullhead Cottus gobio L. and minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus (L.), in the basin of Cow Green Reservoir (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 38 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The distribution, growth and reproduction of bullhead, Cottus gobio, L., and minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus (L.), were studied at Cow Green Reservoir, Upper Teesdale, for 10 years following impoundment in 1970. Comparisons were made with pre-impoundment results. The length-for-age of bullheads increased after impoundment. The length-for-age of minnows decreased. In winter both species were confined mainly to deep water or to the stone facing of the earth dam. In summer they were found throughout the reservoir though bullheads were scarce in the littoral zone. Female bullheads became sexually mature at an earlier age (84% at age-group I) than before impoundment (33% at age-group I) but no change was apparent amongst males (67–62% in age-group I). The post-impoundment sex ratio did not differ from 1:1 and individual fecundity did not change after impoundment. There was a significant reduction in individual fecundity of the minnow. The mean instantaneous rate of mortality (Z) for bullhead of age-groups II to IV was 0.96 ± 0.34 year−1, compared with 0.85 ± 0.29 year in the Tees before impoundment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb03161.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stream channel experiments on downstream movement of recently emerged trout, Salmo trutta L. and salmon, S. salar L.—I. Effect of four different water velocity treatments upon dispersal rate (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 39 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Four experimental stream channels were used to study instantaneous downstream dispersal rates of young trout, Salmo trutta L., and salmon, S. salur L., relative to four different water velocities.Young salmon showed a high rate of dispersal at a low velocity of 7.5 cm s−1 and lower rates at higher velocities of 25 to 70cm s−1. Trout showed their lowest rate at 25cm s−1 with a slightly higher rate at 7.5 cm s−1 and increasingly higher rates at velocities in excess of 25 cm s−1. These results are consistent with field observations on the velocity preferences of young trout and salmon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04367.x
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