ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

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Observations on siting, dimensions and structure of salmonid redds (1989)

Crisp, D. T. ; Carling, P. A.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of fish biology 34 (1989), S. 0

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ISSN: 1095-8649

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Redds of trout, Salmo trutta L., Atlantic salmon, S. salar L., and rainbow trout, S. gairdneri Richardson, were studied at sites in north-east England, south-west Wales and southern England (Dorset). Spawning females preferred gravels of 20–30 mm diameter and water velocities at 0·6 depth of 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:00221112:JFB119:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉 15 cm s-1 and 〈c. 2·0 body lengths s-1. After logarithmic transformation the major horizontal dimensions of redds could be related to one another by linear regressions, and redd tail length could, similarly, be related to female fish length. Egg burial depth in upland stony streams in north-east England and south-west Wales could be predicted from a linear regression of mean depth upon female length. Information is also given on gravel composition and redd structure.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb02962.x

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2

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Some impacts of human activities on trout, Salmo trutta, populations (1989)

CRISP, D. T.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Freshwater biology 21 (1989), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2427

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: SUMMARY. 1. The life cycle of salmonid fishes is described.2. The performance and environmental requirements of the various life stages of the trout (Salmo trutta L.) are reviewed, (a) The literature gives predictive relationships between water temperature and rate of embryonic development, food requirements and growth rate, (b) Water temperature, intragravel oxygen supply rate, water pH, the occurrence of mechanical shock, disturbance of spawning gravels, sedimentation and water chemistry can all influence the survival of the intragravel stages, (c) The survival and/or well-being of the free-swimming stages and the success of spawning are influenced by such factors as dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, water depth, water velocity and water chemistry.3. Human activities such as impoundment, river transfer, drainage works, land improvement, afforestation and deforestation can all influence trout populations via changes in flow regime (and related effects such as sedimentation), temperature regime and water chemistry.4. Man can also influence trout populations directly by cropping for food and/or sport and by artificial stocking.5. Examples of practical application of present knowledge are given and some future research needs are listed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1989.tb01345.x

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3

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Prediction, from temperature, of eyeing, hatching and ‘swim-up’ times for salmonid embryos (1988)

CRISP, D. T.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Freshwater biology 19 (1988), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2427

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: SUMMARY. 1. The literature contains a number of curves relating time (days) required for median hatch (=D2) to water temperature (T,°C) for the eggs of several salmonid fishes. There are relatively few data on the relationships between time to median eyed (= D1), days) or time to median swim-up (= D3, days) and temperature.2. From published data, over most of the range 0-9.5°C, approximate relationships are D,=0.5D2 for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and D3 = 1.7D2 for eight species of Salmo and Oncorhynchus.3. Field and hatchery tests suggest that these are useful empirical models for approximate prediction of D1 and D3 from D2 for most salmonids.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1988.tb00325.x

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4

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Taxonomic instability continues to irritate (1988)

CRISP, D. J. ; FOGG, G. E.

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature 335 (1988), S. 120-121

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Notes: [Auszug] SIR-In his article on taxonomic instability, D. L. Hawksworth1 may have aimed at the wrong target. We agree that name changes resulting from antiquarian research are usually unnecessary and that little would be lost if they were eliminated. But in our experience by far the most tiresome changes ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/335120b0

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5

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Use of artificial eggs in studies of washout depth and drift distance for salmonid eggs (1989)

Crisp, D. T.

Springer

Hydrobiologia 178 (1989), S. 155-163

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ISSN: 1573-5117

Keywords: artificial salmonid eggs ; washout ; drift

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Colour-coded artificial trout eggs were used in investigations of washout depth in a natural stream and of drift distance relative to water velocity in an experimental channel and in a section of natural stream. Washout depth was studied in a spawning riffle of a stream whose bankful discharge is 5.6 m3 s−1. During an experiment when spates never exceeded 6.5 m3 s−1 egg washout was severe at 5 cm depth within the gravel, variable at 10 cm and negligible at 15 cm. During another experiment when a spate of 9.0 m3 s−1 (return period 10–20 years) occurred, washout was severe at 5 and 10 cm depth and variable at 15 cm. There was also evidence that some eggs were moved short distances downstream within the gravel without being washed out. Within experimental channels, drift distance could be predicted from multiple regressions relating logarithms of water velocity, percentage of eggs settled and distance from point of release. At a water velocity of 100 cm s−1 at 0.6 depth, 50% of eggs would settle within 8 m of the point of release. At water velocities of 75 to 100 cm s−1 drifting eggs would, on average, travel at c. 60% of water velocity and make 1 to 2 bed contacts m−1 of travel. A similar multiple regression can be applied to data from a natural stream channel. It predicts much larger drift distances (50% settled in 42 m at 100 cm s −1 ). However, in the natural channel, settlement appears aggregated and the validity of the concept of ‘permanent settlement’ is in doubt.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011666

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6

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Comparison of the physical properties of real and artificial salmonid eggs and of their performance when drifting in an experimental stream channel (1989)

Crisp, D. T.

Springer

Hydrobiologia 178 (1989), S. 143-153

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ISSN: 1573-5117

Keywords: salmonid eggs ; real and artificial ; drifting performance

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The paper compares three batches of brown trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus) eggs, two batches of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) eggs and the artificial trout eggs described by Ottaway (1981), in terms of their measurable physical characteristics. Attention was given to the effects of temperature and of the stage of development of the real eggs. Comparisons were also made between brown trout eggs and artificial eggs of the rate of fall in a water column, of the value and speed of attainment of terminal velocity when falling through water and of the pattern of settlement within an experimental stream channel. The main measurable characteristics of brown trout eggs (after water hardening) and of artificial eggs (values in parentheses) were: diameter 0.52–0.54 mm (0.54), fresh weight 0.078–0.086 g (0.09), density 1.071–1.075 g ml−1 (1.066), and volume 0.073–0.081 ml (0.085). There was no evidence of any major change in these values as egg development proceeded. Salmon eggs had a similar density to trout and artificial eggs but had 30 to 70% greater weight and volume. The water-hardening of eggs caused their dry matter content to fall from 37–39% to 31–34% and there were corresponding increases in volume and fresh weight. The rate of fall of trout eggs and artificial eggs through water when timed from rest at the water surface to a depth of 125 cm was similar for both types of egg at 10 °C. This rate rose with increasing temperature at the same low rate of c. 0.02 cm s−1 °C−1 for both types of egg. Both types of egg had a terminal velocity of c. 8.8 cm s−1 and both achieved terminal velocity in less than 1.5 s after release. The patterns of settlement of the two types of eggs in an experimental channel were similar.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011665

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