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Responses of cirripede larvae to light. I. Experiments with white light (1973)

Crisp, D. J. ; Ritz, D. A.

Springer

Marine biology 23 (1973), S. 327-335

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ISSN: 1432-1793

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The phototactic response of the nauplius larva of Balanus balanoides, B. crenatus and Elminius modestus shows darkadaptation; the response of the cyprid of B. balanoides shows both phototaxis and low photokinesis. The phototactic responses and the orientation of the cyprid to white light at settlement require an intensity of illumination slightly above 10-5 lux. The ability to select a shaded position by cyprids of R. balanoides requires a higher intensity of 10-2 to 10-4 lux; hence a different mechanism may be involved. Barnacle larvae are sufficiently sensitive to be able to respond to light beneath the sea surface, even on cloudy, moonless nights.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389340

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Direct measurement of pore-size distribution on artificial and natural deposits and prediction of pore space accessible to interstitial organisms (1971)

Crisp, D. J. ; Williams, R.

Springer

Marine biology 10 (1971), S. 214-226

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ISSN: 1432-1793

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The pore spaces and particles comprising (a) 2 artificial sands consisting of uniform spherical particles and (b) 4 natural shell gravels from Church Island, Menai Strait, N. Wales, were observed directly in thin sections. Porosity and granulometry measurements made visually agreed with those obtained by traditional methods. Pore-size distributions could also be measured and always showed greater dispersion than particle-size distributions. In the almost monometric sands, the mean pore diameter was 30 to 40% of the mean particle diameter, in agreement with the Koseny-Carmen equation. In the polymorphic shell gravels, the mean pore size was only 15 to 20% of the mean particle size, and diminished with increased content of fine particles. A theoretical treatment is given, based on a model of interconnecting dilations and constrictions, to allow the proportion of total void space available to an organism of given diameter to be predicted.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352810

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The temperature of three different small streams in northwest England (1970)

Crisp, D. T. ; Cren, E. D.

Springer

Hydrobiologia 35 (1970), S. 305-323

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ISSN: 1573-5117

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. In drei kleinen steinigen Bächen Nordwestenglands wurden mit Hilfe von Thermographen Wassertemperaturgänge gemessen. Zwei von ehnen, „Black Brows Beck” und „King's Well Beck” entspringen im Lake District in 246 bezw. 328 M Höhe ü.M., während Rough Sike aus 686 M Höhe u. M. in den Pennines kommt. 2. Die jährliche Mitteltemperaturen des „Black Brows” und „King's Well Beck”-Wassers lagen im Bereich von 8 bis 10°C, während im „Rough Sike” die jährliche Mitteltemperatur nur 6°C war. „Rough Sike” hatte im Winter niedrigere monatliche Durchschnitte als die beiden andere Bäche und hatte ein Temperatur-maximum im Sommer von 11 bis 12°C welches ungefähr einen Monat anhielt, während die beiden andere Bäche Hochsommerwerte von 13 bis 15°C zeigten welche drei bis vier Monate anhielten. 3. „Rough Sike” hatte eine jährliche Wärmesumme von 1700 Graden über 0°C während jeder der beiden anderen Bächen einen Wert von 3000 Graden zeigte. 4. Der tägliche Temperaturgang war in allen drei Bächen ähnlich. Das Monatsmittel der Tagesschwankungen gab 1.5°C oder weniger im Winter und 5 bis 7°C im Sommer obgleich in einigen Fällen tägliche Temperaturdifferenzen von 10 bis 12°C vorkamen. 5. Macan (1958) fand in einem Bach die höchsten Sommerwasser-temperaturen an solchen Tagen an denen Sonnenschein auf Regen folgte, nicht, wie zu erwarten wäre, an regenfreien Tagen. Dieser Befund scheint sich nicht auf die hier untersuchten Bäche anwenden zu lassen. 6. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden dass Wassertemperaturen beträchtlich abgeändert werden können, wenn der Bach unterirdische Stecken durchläuft. 7. Einige allgemeine Probleme der Bachtemperaturmessung wurden besprochen und einige Versuchsberechnungen unternommen um zu zeigen, welche Wirkung die Bachtemperatur auf der Stoff wechsel der Forellen and auf die Entwicklungszeit ihrer Eier hat.

Notes: Summary 1. Recording thermographs were used to record the water temperatures in three small stony streams in northwest England. These were two Lake District streams, Black Brows Beck and King's Well Beck which rise at altitudes of 246 and 328 m.a.s.l. respectively, and Rough Sike a Pennine stream rising at 686 m.a.s.l. 2. The annual mean water temperatures in Black Brows and King's Well becks were within the range 8 to 10°C but the annual mean in Rough Sike was only 6°C. Rough Sike had lower monthly means than the other two becks during winter and it had a midsummer temperature peak of 11 to 12°C which lasted about one month, whilst the other becks had summer temperature means of 13 to 15°C for three to four months. 3. Rough Sike had an annual temperature sum of about 1700 degree-days above 0°C whilst a value of over 3,000 degree-days was obtained in the other two becks. 4. The daily water temperature range was similar in all three becks. The monthly means of daily ranges were 1.5°C or less during winter and 5 to 7°C during summer, though on some days ranges of 10 to 12°C occurred. 5. Macan (1958) found that in the stream he studied the highest summer water temperatures occurred on days when the sun shone after rain, rather than on sunny rainless days. This conclusion does not appear to be applicable to the becks studied in the present work. 6. Evidence is presented to show that water temperature can be appreciably modified by passage through underground sections of stream. 7. Some general problems of stream temperature measurement were discussed and some tentative calculations were made to illustrate the possible effects of stream temperature on trout metabolism and on the time taken for trout eggs to develop.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00181734

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Studies of the seasonal variation of the suspended matter of the Menai Straits II. Mid stream data (1973)

Buchan, S. ; Floodgate, G. D. ; Crisp, D. J.

Springer

Ocean dynamics 26 (1973), S. 74-83

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ISSN: 1616-7228

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Oberflächen- und bodennahe anorganische und organische Schwebstoffe in der Menai-Straße wurden in Beziehung gebracht zu denjenigen hydrographischen und meteorologischen Faktoren, die vermutlich einen Einfluß ausüben. Anorganische Schwebstoffe an der Oberfläche standen in deutlicher Beziehung zu Tidenhub, Wassertemperatur (negativ) und Wind. Der letztgenannte Faktor hatte keine sehr große Einwirkung auf die anorganischen Schwebstoffe am Boden. Die Beziehungen zwischen den organischen Schwebstoffen an Wasseroberfläche und Meeresboden und dem Tidenhub traten deutlich zutage. Das Verhältnis zwischen der Trübung, die mit der Secchi-Scheibe gemessen wurde, und den Schwebstoffen wurde auch untersucht.

Abstract: Résumé On a établi une corrélation entre:-Les matières organiques et non organiques en suspension à la surface et sur le fond du détroit de Menai.—Les éléments hydrographiques et météorologiques que l'on estime exercer une influence sur ces dernières. Il y a une corrélation significative entre les matières non organiques de la surface et l'amplitude de la marée, la température de l'eau (d'une manière négative) et la force du vent. Ce dernier facteur n'a pas une corrélation aussi marquée avec les particules non organiques du fond. Il y a des corrélations significatives évidentes entre l'amplitude de la marée et les matières organiques de la surface et du fond. On a également étudié les corrélations entre la turbidité mesurée au moyen du disque de Secchi et les sédiments en suspension.

Notes: Summary Surface and bottom inorganic and organic suspended loads in the Menai Straits were correlated with those hydrographical and meteorological elements which were considered to have an influence on them. Surface inorganic loads correlated significantly with tidal range, water temperature (negatively) and run of wind. This latter factor did not correlate so highly with the bottom inorganic fraction. Significant correlations were evident between surface and bottom organic loads and tidal range. The correlations between turbidity, as measured by Secchi disc, and the suspended sediment load were also investigated.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02232265

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