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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of cirripede larvae to light. I. Experiments with white light (1973)
    Springer
    Marine biology 23 (1973), S. 327-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phototactic response of the nauplius larva of Balanus balanoides, B. crenatus and Elminius modestus shows darkadaptation; the response of the cyprid of B. balanoides shows both phototaxis and low photokinesis. The phototactic responses and the orientation of the cyprid to white light at settlement require an intensity of illumination slightly above 10-5 lux. The ability to select a shaded position by cyprids of R. balanoides requires a higher intensity of 10-2 to 10-4 lux; hence a different mechanism may be involved. Barnacle larvae are sufficiently sensitive to be able to respond to light beneath the sea surface, even on cloudy, moonless nights.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389340
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response to organic enrichment of infaunal macrobenthic communities under salmonid seacages (1989)
    Springer
    Marine biology 103 (1989), S. 211-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The response of infaunal macrobenthic communities beneath salmonid seacages to solid organic wastes (food pellets and fish excreta) was tested by means of the ABC-method (abundance, biomass comparison method: Warwick 1986) on samples collected from the SAFCOL seafarm at Badger Cove, southeast Tasmania, from February to July 1988. The intermittent nature of the addition of organic waste allowed us to monitor decline and recovery of the macrofauna, i.e., harvesting of a cage permitted a period of recovery whilst restocking precipitated a decline. The ABC-method proved to be a sensitive indicator of community health. Under a normal feeding regime the macrofaunal community structure indicated a moderately disturbed condition. Only 7 wk after the cage was harvested, species richness had increased markedly and the community adopted an undisturbed condition. Further improvement was apparent 14 wk post-harvest. Similarly, a decline to a moderately disturbed condition was apparent 7 wk after restocking and species richness had declined. No such changes occurred under a cage which contained fish continuously over the same period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543349
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age determination of orange roughy,Hoplostethus atlanticus (Pisces: Trachichthyidae) using210Pb:226Ra disequilibria (1991)
    Springer
    Marine biology 109 (1991), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Natural levels of210Pb:226Ra in otoliths of orange roughy,Hoplostethus atlanticus, from south-east Australian waters, were measured to determine fish ages radiometrically. Up to maturity, radiometric age estimates were consistent with a single constant otolith growth rate. Radiometric ages for juveniles were comparable with, but greater than, those obtained in a recent, validated New Zealand study which employed counts of annuli on the surface of otoliths. Beyond maturity, radiometric ages were obtained by modelling with an otolith growth rate set at 45% of the juvenile rate. Radiometric ageing confirms that orange roughy is very slow-growing, with an age at maturity (32 cm standard length, SL) of ~ 32 yr, and is very long-lived, with fish 38 to 40 cm being 77 to 149 yr old. These results have important implications for the management of the fishery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01319387
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grazing of phytoplankton by copepods in eastern Antarctic coastal waters (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 128 (1997), S. 39-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chlorophyll a, primary productivity and grazing by copepods on phytoplankton were measured in the upper water column during the summer of 1994/1995 at a coastal site near Davis Station, East Antarctica. Chlorophyll a was at a maximum in mid-December, then dropped markedly as the coastal fast ice melted and broke‐out. Phytoplankton biomass increased again from mid‐ to late‐February. Copepods accounted for at least 65% of zooplankton biomass in the water column before sea ice break‐out, whereas larval polychaetes and ctenophores dominated after ice break‐out. Oncaeacurvata was the numerically dominant species throughout the study. The highest grazing rate (8.7 mg C␣m−3␣d−1) was recorded on 21 December when O.␣curvata accounted for 64% of the total. Grazing had decreased markedly by 28 December (0.9 mg C m−3 d−1); again O. curvata accounted for over 50% of the total ingested. Copepod grazing increased after ice break-out until the last experiment on 20 February (⋍5 mg C␣m−3␣d−1). The main species responsible for grazing during this period were O. curvata, Oithonasimilis, Calanoidesacutus and unidentified copepod nauplii. It was estimated that copepods removed between 1 and 5% of primary productivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050066
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting the distribution of rock-lobster larvae (Panulirus longipes cygnus), with reference to variability of plankton-net catches (1972)
    Springer
    Marine biology 13 (1972), S. 309-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract One of the major problems in the quantitative study of the distribution of larvae of the western rock lobster Panulirus longipes cygnus George, is the high variability in planktonnet catches taken at night, even when replicate hauls are made at a single station. Some of the possible causes of this variability are considered. The density of early and late-stage phyllosoma larvae caught at the surface at night showed no direct relationship to either temperature or salinity. Early-stage phyllosoma larvae were equally well represented at the surface under all light conditions encountered at night. In contrast, the density of late-stage phyllosoma larvae at the surface was, on an average, four times greater on dark nights than on bright moonlight nights. The mean density for all phyllosoma stages decreased rapidly with depth, i.e., from 0.70/1000 m3 at the surface to 0.04/1000 m3 at 25 to 35 m, indicating that the vertical movements at night are not very extensive. The density of early-stage phyllosoma larvae in the surface at night showed no relationship to micronekton biomass (measured as wet weight). Density of late-stage phyllosoma larvae at the surface at night increased slightly, but significantly, with increase of micronekton biomass, possibly indicating similar behavioural responses to light or some other factor(s). The distribution of cast exuviae of final-stage phyllosoma larvae indicated that metamorphosis to the puerulus phase can occur more than 100 miles (161 km) from shore. Moreover, 80% of the puerulus larvae caught were within 80 miles (129 km) of the shore. Mean densities of puerulus larvae taken at and below the surface at night were 0.04/1000 m3 and 0.10/1000 m3, respectively, although total numbers were low. This evidence indicates that, after metamorphosis, the puerulus larvae return to the coastal environment at some subsurface depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348078
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of the euphausiid Nyctiphanes australis in Storm Bay, south-eastern Tasmania (1982)
    Springer
    Marine biology 68 (1982), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The euphausiid Nyctiphanes australis Sars is an important food item for a wide range of seabirds and commercially exploited fish in coastal waters of south-eastern Tasmania. During most of the year, N. australis forms the major component of the zooplankton biomass in Storm Bay, particularly during the summer months when it swarms in dense aggregations. Production was calculated using methods devised for individuals with continuous recruitment. Estimates of production, integrated for the whole of Storm Bay (approx 18.5km3) were from 78.3 to 84.8 mg m-3 yr1. The P:B ratio obtained for the period December 1979 to March 1981 was about 14. The production of exuviae was also calculated based on certain assumptions about moulting rate and dry weight of the moult, supported by some experimental data. The production of exuviae was 41.03 mgm-3yr-1 or 7.6 times the mean biomass. This gives a total production of flesh and exuviae of 2 212 tonnes dry weight per year for Storm Bay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393148
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Larval development in the Tasmanian mysids Anisomysis mixta australis, Tenagomysis tasmaniae and Paramesopodopsis rufa (Crustacea: Mysidacea) (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 130 (1997), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We describe the brood duration and marsupial development of three temperate coastal mysid species, Anisomysis mixta australis (Zimmer), Tenagomysis tasmaniae Fenton and Paramesopodopsis rufa Fenton, found commonly in Tasmanian waters. Larvae cultured in vitro had brood durations at 13 °C (17 °C) of 22 (15), 23 (15), and 28 (20) d, respectively. Development through seven larval stages, and brood durations for these three species are similar to those reported for coastal mysids from other temperate areas throughout the world.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050228
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of moulting and eggs to secondary production in Nyctiphanes australis (Crustacea: Euphausiacea) (1983)
    Springer
    Marine biology 77 (1983), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study was designed to assess the contribution of moulting and eggs to production of the euphausiid Nyctiphanes australis G. O. Sars. For this purpose, live specimens were collected from Storm Bay, south-eastern Tasmania, between August and December 1981, while preserved samples, collected between February 1980 and February 1981, were also examined. The intermoult period of N. australis increased exponentially with increase in body length and weight. Larvae moulted approximately every 2.5 to 3 d and adults every 4 to 5 d at 15°C. A decrease in temperature from 15° to 10°C resulted in the intermoult period almost doubling. The mean weight of exuviae produced represented nearly 6% of the body dry weight of the individual. Continuous maturation of ova was observed, with an individual female capable of releasing a total of ∼1 100 eggs in a lifetime. These are deposited as a series of batches into a pair of external ovisacs every 30 d. The size of the batch of eggs was dependent on the size of the female. Moulting of euphausiids forms a significant contribution of organic matter to detrital food webs. A value of 42.01 mg m-3 yr-1 was obtained for the production of exuviae. Egg production was calculated to be between 1.41 and 4.22 mg m-3 yr-1. Production and mean annual biomass of N. australis was previously calculated as 78.29 mg m-3 yr-1 and 5.39 mg m-3, respectively. Thus, the total production integrated for the whole of Storm Bay was 125 mg m-3 yr-1 or 2 309 tonnes dry wt yr-1, representing an overall P:B ratio of 23.1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395809
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stranding and matting behaviour in Nyctiphanes australis (Euphausiidae: Crustacea) (1986)
    Springer
    Marine biology 93 (1986), S. 465-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Numerous stranding events of the euphausiid Nyctiphanes australis Sars on the coast of south-east Tasmania during the winter months of 1984/1985 are documented. The krill were at a reproductive stage of their life cycle. Strandings almost always occurred on calm, sunny days on beaches with a northerly aspect. Typically, barometric pressure was greater than and wind speed was less than the monthly average. No significant differences were found between stranded euphausiids and those from surface swarms, and the relationship between the two forms of behaviour in this area is discussed. A new form of behaviour termed “matting” was observed, in which the euphausiids aggregate dorsal-side down on the substrate in shallow water. Matting usually occurs synchronously with stranding. Laboratory experiments showed that N. australis responds to changes in both the plane of polarization and intensity of light with behaviour typical of that observed in stranding and matting events. Light appears to be a key factor mediating these types of behaviour. Hypotheses for the relationship between stranding and matting are offered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401115
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal interaction during accumulation by the mussel Mytilus edulis planulatus (1986)
    Springer
    Marine biology 93 (1986), S. 395-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mytilus edulis planulatus (Lamarck) were collected from Howden, South-east Tasmania in autumn 1981. Interaction effects of cadmium, copper and zinc during accumulation by mussels exposed for ten days to all three metals simultaneously were examined in a series of experiments in which each metal was tested at three concentrations. In general, interaction effects were most evident at the highest concentrations tested (20 μg l-1 Cd; 20 μg l-1 Cu; 200 μg l-1 Zn) and led to a reduction in the accumulation of cadmium and an increase in that of copper and zinc. More specifically, high levels of zinc caused a decrease in cadmium uptake and an increase in copper accumulation. The presence of copper resulted in depressed cadmium accumulation while zinc accumulation increased. Cadmium tended to enhance zinc accumulation, but copper accumulation was only affected to any great extent when zinc was also present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401107
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