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  • Articles  (61)
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  • Articles  (61)
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  • 1
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    The global circulation of seasonal influenza A (H3N2) viruses (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-19
    Description: Antigenic and genetic analysis of the hemagglutinin of approximately 13,000 human influenza A (H3N2) viruses from six continents during 2002-2007 revealed that there was continuous circulation in east and Southeast Asia (E-SE Asia) via a region-wide network of temporally overlapping epidemics and that epidemics in the temperate regions were seeded from this network each year. Seed strains generally first reached Oceania, North America, and Europe, and later South America. This evidence suggests that once A (H3N2) viruses leave E-SE Asia, they are unlikely to contribute to long-term viral evolution. If the trends observed during this period are an accurate representation of overall patterns of spread, then the antigenic characteristics of A (H3N2) viruses outside E-SE Asia may be forecast each year based on surveillance within E-SE Asia, with consequent improvements to vaccine strain selection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Russell, Colin A -- Jones, Terry C -- Barr, Ian G -- Cox, Nancy J -- Garten, Rebecca J -- Gregory, Vicky -- Gust, Ian D -- Hampson, Alan W -- Hay, Alan J -- Hurt, Aeron C -- de Jong, Jan C -- Kelso, Anne -- Klimov, Alexander I -- Kageyama, Tsutomu -- Komadina, Naomi -- Lapedes, Alan S -- Lin, Yi P -- Mosterin, Ana -- Obuchi, Masatsugu -- Odagiri, Takato -- Osterhaus, Albert D M E -- Rimmelzwaan, Guus F -- Shaw, Michael W -- Skepner, Eugene -- Stohr, Klaus -- Tashiro, Masato -- Fouchier, Ron A M -- Smith, Derek J -- DP1-OD000490-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- MC_U117512723/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 18;320(5874):340-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1154137.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18420927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigenic Variation ; Asia/epidemiology ; Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Europe/epidemiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Forecasting ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics/*immunology ; Humans ; *Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/classification/genetics/immunology/isolation & ; purification ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human/*epidemiology/virology ; North America/epidemiology ; Oceania ; Phylogeny ; Population Surveillance ; Seasons ; South America/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Hybridization between Brassica napus and B. rapa on a national scale in the United Kingdom (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-11
    Description: Measures blocking hybridization would prevent or reduce biotic or environmental change caused by gene flow from genetically modified (GM) crops to wild relatives. The efficacy of any such measure depends on hybrid numbers within the legislative region over the life-span of the GM cultivar. We present a national assessment of hybridization between rapeseed (Brassica napus) and B. rapa from a combination of sources, including population surveys, remote sensing, pollen dispersal profiles, herbarium data, local Floras, and other floristic databases. Across the United Kingdom, we estimate that 32,000 hybrids form annually in waterside B. rapa populations, whereas the less abundant weedy populations contain 17,000 hybrids. These findings set targets for strategies to eliminate hybridization and represent the first step toward quantitative risk assessment on a national scale.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilkinson, Mike J -- Elliott, Luisa J -- Allainguillaume, Joel -- Shaw, Michael W -- Norris, Carol -- Welters, Ruth -- Alexander, Matthew -- Sweet, Jeremy -- Mason, David C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 17;302(5644):457-9. Epub 2003 Oct 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Plant Sciences, The University of Reading, RG6 6AS, UK. m.j.wilkinson@rdg.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14551318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brassica napus/*genetics ; Brassica rapa/*genetics ; Crops, Agricultural/*genetics ; Databases, Factual ; Ecosystem ; Genes, Plant ; Genetics, Population ; Great Britain ; Hybridization, Genetic ; *Plants, Genetically Modified ; Pollen
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Love canal chromosome study (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shaw, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):751-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403845" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosome Aberrations ; Humans ; Legislation, Medical ; Mutagens ; New York ; United States ; *Water Pollution, Chemical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling Stochastic Processes in Plant Pathology (1994)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 32 (1994), S. 523-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.32.090194.002515
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Separation of Eggs of Erioischia brassicae and E. floralis in Swede Crops (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 21 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Eggs collected from around the base of cultivated cruciferous crops in north-east Scotland were hatched on suitable media contained in petri dishes, or on plants grown in pots in an outdoor insectary. Breeding in petri dishes was more successful.It was found that Erioischia brassicae(Bouche), the cabbage root fly, and E. floralis(Fall.), the turnip root fly, occur together in swede crops, but only E. brassicae in crops of cabbage and cauliflower. Despite the eggs of both species overlapping in size and the chorion patterns being indistingtiishable, plotting mean egg sizes over short consecutive periods showed that the main egg-laying period of E. floralis was during August and September.The measurements of eggs collected before and after 1 August, when plotted on arithmetical probability paper, indicated an appreciable difference in the average size of eggs laid in the two periods, but only at those sites where both species were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1972.tb01714.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Mites in the Transmission of Smoulder in Narcissus (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 24 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Infection by Sclerotinia narcissicola Greg, was observed in narcissus bulbs during autumn, in leaf initials colonized by bulb scale mites (Steneotarsonemus laticeps (Halb.)), and on lesions of varying extent on the corresponding tissue after emergence.Presence or absence of smoulder sclerotia on outer scales of bulbs was not related to the incidence of infection of shoots.There was no evidence that smoulder was reduced by treatment for control of bulb mites (Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Fum. & Rob.)).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1975.tb01872.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Damage to potato foliage by Sminthurus viridis (L.) (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 32 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1983.tb02864.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UNUSUAL FROST INJURY TO WINTER SOWN WHEAT AND BARLEY (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 15 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1966.tb00328.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors determining the severity of epidemics of Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici) on winter wheat in the UK (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 42 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Epidemics of disease caused by Septoria tritici were studied in detail in 11 crops of winter wheat cv. Longbow over 4 years. Serious damage to the uppermost two leaf layers was caused by splash-borne infection from lower in the crop early in the life of the leaves, followed by one or rarely two cycles of multiplication within a leaf layer. Infection conditions rarely limited damage, even in a dry year; the timing and, to a lesser extent, amount of initial inoculum movement to an upper leaf layer was of greater importance. Timing of initial infection was determined by when rain splash occurred in relation to emergence of a leaf layer. Occurrence of infections soon after a leaf layer started to emerge allowed more time for multiplication of disease within that layer. These infections tended to be more severe because the leaves were closer to inoculum sources within the crop. Slight differences in phenology between locations explain why initially random disease distributions sometimes become aggregated. Early-sown crops are at greater risk because they mature more slowly, allowing more disease multiplication and better transfer between leaf layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1993.tb02674.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interacting effects of interrupted humid periods and light on infection of wheat leaves by Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici) (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 40 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Septoria tritici conidia require a long period at 100%, humidity to infect wheat plants successfully. When periods of 100% relative humidity were interrupted by up to 48 h at 75% relative humidity, infection by S. tritici on winter wheat cvs Longbow and Avalon was only slightly reduced. Breaks at 50% relative humidity had larger effects, but still allowed infection to occur. Infection was reduced more by a break in humidity which began in the light, but previous and subsequent light regimes strongly influenced the final outcome in all cases. When a wet period was interrupted twice, the two dry breaks interacted strongly under some circumstances; in these cases the probability of infection was much greater than expected from multiplying the effects of the single breaks. Under other conditions two breaks had more nearly multiplicative effects, or interacted to reduce the probability of infection below that expected from the individual breaks. There was evidence that light reduced the probability of successful infection earls in the infection process, but stimulated it later. The data were consistent with infection occurring faster on cv. Longbow, but otherwise being affected in qualitatively similar ways on both cultivars. The complexity of the effects and their interactions suggests that it will not be possible to find a simple set of infection conditions to apply in the field. The data rule out a number of simple mathematical models of the infection process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1991.tb02424.x
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