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  • detoxifying enzymes  (3)
  • aphid  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of methoxyphenols on grain aphid feeding behaviour (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 76 (1995), S. 157-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: methoxyphenols ; allelochemicals ; grain aphid ; Sitobion avenae ; feeding behaviour ; EPG ; O-demethylase ; detoxifying enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Methoxyphenols might be important in the resistance of cereals to aphids. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings were used to determine the effect of caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids, and scopoletin on the feeding behaviour of the grain aphidSitobion avenae (F.). Aphids on wheat seedlings treated systemically with these phenols showed reduced ingestion of phloem sap and salivation into sieve elements in most cases. The earlier pathway phases of probing were prolonged. Moreover increase in number of probes as well as reduction of total time of probing was observed. In addition, no O-demethylase activity was found in homogenates of aphids fed on moderately-resistant (phenolic rich) or susceptible (phenolic poor) wheat varieties. The significance of these results for understanding the resistance of cereals to aphids is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383213
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Onset of a decline in the quality of sugar beet as a host for the aphid shape Myzus persicae (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 88 (1998), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: aphid ; sugar beet ; decline ; quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The results presented in this paper suggest that sugar beet became less suitable as a host for aphids after late June and early July, when the plants were at the 10–12 leaf stage. This was indicated by a faster rate of aphid mortality and greater incidence of dark stomach deposits after this time. Increased aphid mortality coincided with a change in physiology of sugar beet leaves from being net sinks to sources of assimilate. Aphids which fed on older leaves, irrespective of plant age, suffered greater mortality than those feeding on young heart leaves. The incidence of dark deposits in aphid stomachs associated with this mortality was greater on outer than on inner leaves of old, mature and young plants. It is suggested that the incidence of the dark deposit is an indicator of declining plant quality. The consequences of this for the spread of beet yellowing viruses are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003445427935
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryonic growth rate and birth weight of the offspring of apterous and alate aphids: a cost of dispersal (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 55 (1990), S. 223-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Embryonic growth ; birth weight ; fecundity ; morph ; aphid ; dispersal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La taille et l'état de développement des plus gros embryons de Sitobion avenae Fab ont été examinés par dissection d'ailés et aptères à partir du troisième stade. La taille des embryons des 2 morphes augmente pendant le développement larvaire des mères, mais ceux des mères aptères grossissent plus vite. Bien que la période précédant la reproduction des alates soit plus longue chez les ailés que chez les aptères, les embryons des ailés sont néanmoins incapables de l'emporter en taille sur les aptères, et les ailés produisent initialement moins de pucerons et plus petits que les aptères. Après 4 jours de reproduction, les mères ailées et aptères produisent des pucerons de même taille au même rythme. La fécondité totale des aptères est supérieure à celle des ailés; la différence est liée à la biologie des 2 morphes.
    Notes: Abstract Apterous and alate Sitobion avenae (Fab.) were dissected from the third instar onwards and the size and degree of development of their largest embryos recorded. From at least the third instar apterae had larger and more well developed embryos than alatae. Embryos in both morphs showed an exponential increase in volume with time during their mothers' nymphal development, but those in apterous mothers grew faster. Although alatae had a longer pre-reproductive development than apterae, it was not long enough to compensate for the lower embryo growth rates in alatae and as a consequence they initially produced smaller and fewer offspring than apterae. After 4 days of reproduction apterous and alate mothers produced similar sized offspring and at the same rate. The total fecundity of apterae was greater than that of alatae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190661
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detoxification of cereal plant allelochemicals by aphids: Activity and molecular weights of glutathioneS-transferase in three species of cereal aphids (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 387-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Grain aphid ; Sitobion avenae ; Metopolophium dirhodum ; Rhopalosiphum padi ; Homoptera ; Aphididae ; detoxifying enzymes ; glutathioneS-transferase ; resistance ; cereal allelochemicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The activity and molecular weights of glutathioneS-transferase were studied in three species of cereal aphid:Metopolophium dirhodum, Sitobion avenae, andRhopalosiphum padi. The highest level of glutathioneS-transferase activity was recorded in extracts fromM. dirhodum and the lowest fromS. avenae, and extracts of larvae were more active than those from adults. The activity of this enzyme was higher in extracts ofS. avenae andR. padi previously fed on a moderately resistant wheat variety than on a susceptible variety. Gel filtration followed by SDS-PAGE revealed three protein bands in the active fractions. The first had a molecular weight of 28,500 and the second of 27,500 and were present in all three species of aphid. The third protein differed in the three species, having a molecular weight of 26,000 inS. avenae, 25,500 inM. dirhodum, and 24,000 inR. padi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02064445
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance of cereals to aphids: The interaction between hydroxamic acids and UDP-glucose transferases in the aphidSitobion avenue (Homoptera: Aphididae) (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 1189-1200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Grain aphid ; Sitobion avenae ; Homoptera ; Aphididae ; detoxifying enzymes ; UDP-glucose transferases ; resistance ; cereal allelochemicals ; DIMBOA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract UPD-glucose transferases are found in the cytosolic and microsomal fractions of the grain aphidSitobion avenae F. Gel filtration and SDSPAGE revealed that the microsomal fraction contained several forms of the enzyme. The molecular weights of the three most active fractions might be 68,000, 66,000, and 36,500. There was a negative correlation between the enzymes' activity in extracts of aphids and the concentration of DIMBOAaglucone in the winter wheat variety fed on by the aphid. A strong inhibition of the activity of the UPD-glucose transferases was observedin vitro at a concentration of DIMBOA as low as 0.01 mM. There was a greater activity of the enzymes in aphids fed on seedlings of susceptible than on moderately resistant wheat cultivars. Prolonged feeding on resistant cultivars resulted in a further reduction in the activity of the aphid's enzymes. The significance for cereal aphids of the role of their UDP-glucose tranferases in the detoxification of plant allelochemicals and adaptation to resistant varieties of cereals is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00980073
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