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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anisotropic ionic conductivity of lithium-doped sulfonated PBI (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 2925-2933 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: ionic conductivity ; DC conductivity ; rigid-rod polymer ; depletion measurement ; X-ray scattering ; anisotropic ; polymer electrolyte ; polyelectrolyte ; conducting polymers ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The conductivity study results of lithium-doped sulfonated PBI, a conjugated rigid rod polymer, poly[(1,7-dihydrobenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′]dimidazole-2,6-diyl)-2-(2-sulfo)-p-phenylene], derivatized with pendants of propane sulfonate Li+ ionomer are reported. The room-temperature DC four-probe conductivity parallel to the surface of cast films was as large as 8.3 × 10-3 S/cm. Similar measurements with an eight-probe configuration showed no difference between bulk and surface conductivity. The ionic nature of the conductivity was indicated by constant voltage depletion experiments and by secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements of the residues near the electrodes. The DC two-probe conductivity measured transverse to the sample surface was three to four orders of magnitude smaller than longitudinal conductivity, while the AC two-probe conductivity was even less. Electron microscopy indicated that the films had a layered structure parallel to the surfaces. This structural anisotropy was confirmed by refractive index values obtained from wave-guide experiments and by wide angle X-ray scattering. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2925-2933, 1997
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axial X-ray scattering on high-performance polymeric fibers (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 2575-2583 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: x-ray scattering ; fiber ; axial ; transverse ; isotropic ; anisotropic ; poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide) ; PPTA ; Kevla ; fibers ; poly-2,5-benzoxazole ; ABPBO ; rod-like ; poly(p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole) ; PBO ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: High-temperature polymers were spum from liquid-crystalline solutions into fibers of superior thermal stability and mechanical properties. Fibers of two extended-chain polymers poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide), PPTA, and poly-2,5-benzoxazole, ABPBO, as well as a rod-like polymer poly(p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole), PBO, were examined by axial x-ray scattering. Both wide-angle scattering and small-angle scattering were performed with CuKα radiation aiming along the fiber axis (c-axis) for structural information on the a-b lattice plane. In addition to previously reported lattice structure, the PPTA fibers (Kevlar® 29, 49, and 149) showed strong [004] and a [022] reflections suggesting that segments of the PPTA molecules were transverse to the fiber axis. This unique fiber structure is more prominent and the void content is less for the PPTA fibers with higher tensile modulus, (i.e., Kevlar® 149 〉 Kevlar® 49 〉 Kevlar® 29). Similar measurements on thermally annealed ABPBO and PBO fibers showed no [00l], [h0l], or [0kl] reflection indicative of a truly uniaxial molecular orientation. Evidence of microfibrillar order was discovered for the Kevlar® fibers and the ABPBO fiber. Results of conventional x-ray scattering on these fibers were compared and reconciled. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1994.090321603
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionic conductivity of conjugated water-soluble rigid-rod polymers (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 31 (1993), S. 1941-1950 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: rigid-rod polymer ; cation ; dialysis ; molecular weight ; cast ; aggregated ; isotropic ; anisotropic ; film ; depletion measurement ; ionic conductivity ; x-ray scattering ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly[(1,7-dihydrobenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′] diimidazole-2,6-diyl)-2-(2-sulfo)-p-phenylene], a conjugated rigid-rod polymer, was derivatized with pendants of propane-sulfonated ionomers. The derivatized rigid-rod polymer was soluble in aprotic solvents as well as in water for isotropic solutions that were processed into isotropic films. Direct-current electrical conductivity σ of the films was measured using the four-probe technique. Room-temperature σ as high as 2.9 × 10-4S/cm was achieved on pristine isotropic films without using dopants. When the rigid-rod polymer concentration exceeded 25 wt %, the isotropic solution could be transformed into a liquid-crystalline solution that allowed deformations to be applied to produce anisotropic films. Significant increase in σ was obtained in a sheared film along both the parallel direction (∥) and the transverse direction (⊥) with a σ∥/σ⊥ = 5. Additionally, enhanced σ was realized in films heat-treated at about 100°C, in the derivatized polymer with higher molecular weight from dialysis, and in substituting the sulfonated ion Na+ by H+ in the pendants of the polymers. Constant-voltage measurements were applied to the polymers to monitor the σ stability for ascertaining the nature of the conductivity. No electronic contribution in σ was detected. Instead, a monotonically decreasing σ was consistently observed indicative of ionic conductivity. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1993.090311306
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