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  • Tetranychus urticae  (1)
  • cellulose membrane  (1)
  • interspecific predation  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra- and interspecific predation on four life stage groups by the adult females of Metaseiulus occidentalis, Typhlodromus pyri, Neoseiulus fallacis and Amblyseius andersoni (1996)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 20 (1996), S. 435-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: Intraspecific predation ; interspecific predation ; life stage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Do adult females of oligophagous species such as Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) and Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) show less intra- and interspecific predation on phytoseiids when other foods are scarce than polyphagous species such as Amblyseius andersoni Chant and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten? We caged single adult females of each species without food with ten of their own eggs or larvae, with ten eggs or larvae of the other species or with ten nymphs or adult females of M. occidentalis (T. pyri for M. occidentalis). We assessed the ambulatory activity, survival time, egg levels and prey loss in each test. Polyphages (in particular T. pyri) lived longer than oligophages (in particular N. fallacis) without food. The small T. pyri detected its own stages and benefited most by feeding on small active stages of other species. Amblyseius andersoni, the largest mite, fed and gained the most of any species when held with nymphs and female adults. Metaseiulus occidentalis fed on eggs of all four species to enhance survival. The large hyperactive N. fallacis gained the least from these behaviours. Each mite seemed uniquely adapted to survive conditions of scarce prey and these behaviours may explain their roles in phytoseiid mite complexes. Overall, oligophagous adult females fed less and gained less by feeding on phytoseiids than did polyphagous adult females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053307
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absorption and cannibalism: do phytoseiids conserve egg resources when prey densities decline rapidly? (1995)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 19 (1995), S. 347-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: Metaseiulus occidentalis ; Neoseiulus fallacis ; Typhlodromus pyri ; Amblyseius andersoni ; Tetranychus urticae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The number of eggs oviposited or left in the opisthosomas of dead mites (total eggs) was assessed for Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt), Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman), Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten or Amblyseius andersoni Chant when each was caged with either (1) no Tetranychus urticae Koch, (2) only odours of T. urticae, (3) ten eggs of M. occidentalis or (4) ten nymphs of M. occidentalis (T. pyri for M. occidentalis). The total eggs for the no prey versus odour tests did not differ within species; the levels were the greatest for N. fallacis 〉 T. pyri 〉 A. andersoni 〉 M. occidentalis. Among treatments, egg means did not differ for M. occidentalis but they did for N. fallacis and T. pyri and similar trends were seen for A. andersoni. Egg means were usually less for mites held with ten predator nymphs than mites held with ten predator eggs or with no prey. Were adult females with nymphs absorbing rather than ovipositing their eggs or dying with them in their opisthosomas? Activity levels (walking) for adult females were no more for mites held with nymphs versus no food. The data indicated that interference by nymphs was not increasing the energy use of females and thus reducing egg levels. However, tests with ten nymphs, one egg and no adult female had egg losses from nymphal predation that could account for fewer eggs in cage tests. Overall, no evidence for absorption was found. If it occurs, it must be among younger eggs or mites exposed to less rapid prey losses than were the mites tested here; in addition, other stimuli may cause absorption. The total eggs in sticky-tape tests were greatest for N. fallacis 〉 M. occidentalis 〉 T. pyri 〉 A. andersoni. Cage versus stick-tape data differed most for M. occidentalis because of cannibalism. All four mites cannibalized eggs but M. occidentalis did most rapidly and extensively. When starved, it laid all of its eggs before the other three species did. Such behaviours may enhance survival of M. occidentalis when prey become scarce.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052392
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of CHO cells on phosphated cellulose membranes (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 40 (1998), S. 401-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: cell culture ; CHO cells ; cellulose membrane ; phosphorylation ; cell aggregation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Phosphate groups (negatively charged chemical groups) were grafted onto the surface of cellulose membranes by a reaction between hydroxyl groups of cellulose and phosphorus pentoxide to observe the effect of phosphate groups on cellular behavior. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine phosphorylation. Captive bubble contact angle measurement was used to determine surface wettability. XPS was also used to analyze serum protein adsorption. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were maintained in Ham's F-12 nutrient mixture with and without fetal calf serum. Total cell area and shape factor were analyzed using image-analyzing software. Serum proteins showed higher adsorption on phosphated cellulose. Cell spreading on phosphated membranes was greater than on the cellulose membrane that served as control. The cell growth rate was faster compared to the control. Large cell aggregates were not found on the phosphated membranes, in contrast to the control membrane. The cells on the control were aggregated regardless of the existence of divalent cations in the medium. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 40, 401-406, 1998.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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