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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (60)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (59)
  • Isoptera
  • OCEANOGRAPHY
  • 1
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    The imaging photopolarimeter experiment on Pioneer 11 (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: For 2 weeks continuous imaging, photometry, and polarimetry observations were made of Jupiter and the Galilean satellites in red and blue light from Pioneer 11. Measurements of Jupiter's north and south polar regions were possible because the spacecraft trajectory was highly inclined to the planet's equatorial plane. One of the highest resolution images obtained is presented here along with a comparison of a sample of our photometric and polarimetric data with a simple model. The data seem consistent with increased molecular scattering at high latitudes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 188; May 2
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soldier-specific chemicals of the termiteCurvitermes strictinasus Mathews (Isoptera, Nasutitermitinae) (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 127-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Isoptera ; Nasutitermitinae ; isolation ; identification ; Curvitermes strictinasus (Mathews) ; defense secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The defense secretion of the soldier termites ofCurvitermes strictinasus Mathews has been analyzed. Seven components have been isolated and identified, including limonene, terpinolene,p-cymen-8-ol, tridecan-2-one, tridecen-2-onecis,trans-farnesal, andtrans,trans-farnesal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988640
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical composition of the frontal gland secretion ofSyntermes soldiers (Isoptera, Termitidae) (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 135-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Isoptera ; Nasutitermitinae ; Syntermes species ; defensive secretion ; isolation ; identification ; terpenoid compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The defensive secretions from the frontal glands of soldier termites of the genusSyntermes contain similar mixtures of mono- and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The major components inS. dirus, S. molestus, S. brevimalatus, S. peruanus, and a new species (Syntermes sp. n), iscis-β-ocimene. A substantial amount of aristolochene is found inSyntermes sp. n. and is present at lower levels in all the other species;S. brevimalatus contains onlycis-β-ocimene and aristolochene. The four other species also contain minor amounts of epi-α-selinene and germacrene A. The latter compound has been identified on the basis of its rearrangement product β-elemene. The termiteS. grandis differed markedly from the otherSyntermes species in that no terpenoid components were found in the soldier extract. With the obvious exception ofS. grandis, the same soldier-specific mono- and sesquiterpenes occurred in all species. The total amount of secretion per unit weight of soldiers varies with the species and is inversely proportional to the development of the mandibular apparatus. InS. molestus smaller gland size is compensated for by a greater number of soldiers foraging trails.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988641
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  • 4
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    Lidar-measured winds from space: A key component for weather and climate prediction (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The deployment of a space-based Doppler lidar would provide information that is fundamental to advancing the understanding and prediction of weather and climate. This paper reviews the concepts of wind measurement by Doppler lidar, highlights the results of some observing system simulation experiments with lidar winds, and discusses the important advances in earth system science anticipated with lidar winds. Observing system simulation experiments, conducted using two different general circulation models, have shown (1) that there is a significant improvement in the forecast accuracy over the Southern Hemisphere and tropical oceans resulting from the assimilation of simulated satellite wind data, and (2) that wind data are significantly more effective than temperature or moisture data in controlling analysis error. Because accurate wind observations are currently almost entirely unavailable for the vast majority of tropical cyclones worldwide, lidar winds have the potential to substan- tially improve tropical cyclone forecasts. Similarly, to improve water vapor flux divergence calculations, a direct measure of the ageostrophic wind is needed since the present level of uncer- tainty cannot be reduced with better temperature and moisture soundings alone.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: American Meteorological Society, Bulletin (ISSN 0003-0007); 76; 6; p. 869-888
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  • 5
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    Observing system simulation experiments at NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: A series of realistic simulation studies is being conducted as a cooperative effort between the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the National Meteorological Center (NMC), and the Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres (GLA), to provide a quantitative assessment of the potential impact of future observing systems on large scale numerical weather prediction. A special objective is to avoid the unrealistic character of earlier simulation studies. Following a brief review of previous simulation studies and real data impact tests, the methodology for the current simulation system will be described. Results from an assessment of the realism of the simulation system and of the potential impact of advanced observing systems on numerical weather prediction and preliminary results utilizing this system will be presented at the conference.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Proceedings of the NASA Symposium on Global Wind Measurements; p 65-71
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  • 6
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    Marine research using data from TOPEX/Poseidon (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-13
    Description: The Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory (POL), the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Deacon Laboratory (IOSDL), and the British National Space Centre (BNSC) plan to use radar altimeter data from the TOPEX/POSEIDON mission in five main areas of research. These are: (1) investigation of variations in Southern Ocean sea levels and circulation; (2) related numerical modeling and data assimilation; (3) global and regional ocean tides; (4) North Sea and northeast Atlantic studies; and (5) winds and waves. Each one of these topics is described briefly below while more information can be extracted from the United Kingdom response to the TOPEX/POSEIDON Announcement of Opportunity.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL, TOPEX(Poseidon Science Investigations Plan; p 169-173
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  • 7
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    The analysis sensitivity to tropical winds from the Global Weather Experiment (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The global scale divergent and rotational flow components of the Global Weather Experiment (GWE) are diagnosed from three different analyses of the data. The rotational flow shows closer agreement between the analyses than does the divergent flow. Although the major outflow and inflow centers are similarly placed in all analyses, the global kinetic energy of the divergent wind varies by about a factor of 2 between different analyses while the global kinetic energy of the rotational wind varies by only about 10 percent between the analyses. A series of real data assimilation experiments has been performed with the GLA general circulation model using different amounts of tropical wind data during the First Special Observing Period of the Global Weather Experiment. In exeriment 1, all available tropical wind data were used; in the second experiment, tropical wind data were suppressed; while, in the third and fourth experiments, only tropical wind data with westerly and easterly components, respectively, were assimilated. The rotational wind appears to be more sensitive to the presence or absence of tropical wind data than the divergent wind. It appears that the model, given only extratropical observations, generates excessively strong upper tropospheric westerlies. These biases are sufficiently pronounced to amplify the globally integrated rotational flow kinetic energy by about 10 percent and the global divergent flow kinetic energy by about a factor of 2. Including only easterly wind data in the tropics is more effective in controlling the model error than including only westerly wind data. This conclusion is especially noteworthy because approximately twice as many upper tropospheric westerly winds were available in these cases as easterly winds.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review (ISSN 0027-0644); 114; 991-1007
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  • 8
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    Analysis/forecast experiments with a flow-dependent correlation function using FGGE data (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The use of a flow-dependent correlation function to improve the accuracy of an optimum interpolation (OI) scheme is examined. The development of the correlation function for the OI analysis scheme used for numerical weather prediction is described. The scheme uses a multivariate surface analysis over the oceans to model the pressure-wind error cross-correlation and it has the ability to use an error correlation function that is flow- and geographically-dependent. A series of four-day data assimilation experiments, conducted from January 5-9, 1979, were used to investigate the effect of the different features of the OI scheme (error correlation) on forecast skill for the barotropic lows and highs. The skill of the OI was compared with that of a successive correlation method (SCM) of analysis. It is observed that the largest difference in the correlation statistics occurred in barotropic and baroclinic lows and highs. The comparison reveals that the OI forecasts were more accurate than the SCM forecasts.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 9
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    A model of impulsive acceleration and transport of energetic particles in Mercury's magnetosphere (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A qualitative model of substorm processes in the Mercury magnetosphere is presented based on Mariner 10 observations obtained in 1974-1975. The model is predicated on close analogies observed with the terrestrial case. Particular emphasis is given to energetic particle phenomena as observed by Mariner on March 29, 1974. The suggestion is supported that energetic particles up to about 500 keV are produced by strong induced electric fields at 3 to about 6 Mercury radii in the Hermean tail in association with substorm neutral line formation. The bursts of energetic particles produced are, in this model, subsequently confined on closed field lines near Mercury and drift adiabatically on quasi-trapped orbits for many tens of seconds. Such gradient and curvature drift of the particles can explain prominent periodicities of 5-10 s seen in the Mariner for greater than 170-keV electron flux profiles.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 8742-874
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  • 10
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    Analysis/forecast experiments with a multivariate statistical analysis scheme using FGGE data (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A three-dimensional, multivariate, statistical analysis method, optimal interpolation (OI) is described for modeling meteorological data from widely dispersed sites. The model was developed to analyze FGGE data at the NASA-Goddard Laboratory of Atmospherics. The model features a multivariate surface analysis over the oceans, including maintenance of the Ekman balance and a geographically dependent correlation function. Preliminary comparisons are made between the OI model and similar schemes employed at the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts and the National Meteorological Center. The OI scheme is used to provide input to a GCM, and model error correlations are calculated for forecasts of 500 mb vertical water mixing ratios and the wind profiles. Comparisons are made between the predictions and measured data. The model is shown to be as accurate as a successive corrections model out to 4.5 days.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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