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  • GEOPHYSICS  (15)
  • Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfuric acid pretreatment for the simultaneous GC screening of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in herbal essential oils (1998)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 47 (1998), S. 587-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides ; Herbal medicine ; Essential oils ; Sulfuric acid treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A rapid and new clean-up method utilizing sulfuric acid treatment is demonstrated to identify and quantify the level of organochlorine (OC) and organophosphorus (OP) pesticide residue concentrations in herbal essential oils by gas chromatography (GC). Essential oils fortified with pesticides, that are extracted from herbs by steam distillation are partitioned with 65% acetonitrile/water(v/v) and treated with sulfuric acid at different reaction times and sulfuric acid concentrations. Optimal conditions, to avoid interference from essential oils in gas chromatographic analysis, is 17% (v/v) of a mixed phase ratio of sulfuric acid to organic solvent (hexane/ethyl ether=9∶1, v/v) and a reaction time of 30s. The response of the flame ionization detector (FID) is linear for all pesticides determined. Recovery of pesticides from fortified herbs studied are in the range of 75% to 111% (RSD, 4% to 11%) for OC, and 72% to 116% (RSD, 2% to 11%) for OP. Although sulfuric acid treatment destroys carbamate and some organophosphorus pesticides, this method has efficiently reduced matrix interference and provides a rapid, economical clean-up method with excellent linear data having low coefficients of variation for the GC analyses of BHC isomers, DDD, DDE, DDT, chlorothalonil, chloropyrifos, tetradifon, fenitrothion, malathion, and parathion in matrices of herbal essential oils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02467500
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of multi-component pesticide residues in herbal medicines by GC-MS with electron impact ionization and with positive- and negative-ion chemical ionization (1999)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 49 (1999), S. 525-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides ; Herbal medicines ; Selective-ion monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Multicomponent pesticide residues in herbal medicines have been analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with electron impact (EI) ionization and positive- and negative-ion chemical ionization (PCI and NCI). Herbal medicines (5 g) were extracted with 65∶35 (%,v/v) acetonitrile-water, and partitioned with hexane-diethyl ether (1∶1) and hexane-dichloromethane (1∶1). The organic phase of the extracted fraction was cleaned on a Florisil column and analyzed by GC-MS with selected-ion monitoring (SIM). Method detection limits for 27 pesticides were tens of picograms for ECD, NPD and EI-SIM MS, and a few picograms for NCI-SIM MS. The calibration curve for the pesticide standard solution was linear within the range 0.003–30 pg for EI-SIM MS, PCI-SIM MS, and NCI-SIM MS. Mean recoveries of pesticides from spiked herbal medicines (0.75, 1.5, 3 pg) were 61–125% (RSD1–32%) for NCI-SIM MS and 74–121% (RSD 4–12%) for EI-SIM MS. Detection sensitivity and specificity of NCI-SIM MS were better than for ECD and NPD. Parallel use of EI-SIM MS, PCI-SIM MS and NCI-SIM MS was an excellent complementary method for identification and confirmation of multi-component pesticide residues in variety of herbal medicines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02467753
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  • 3
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    Spectroscopic measurement of HO2, H2O2, and OH in the stratosphere (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Stratospheric concentrations of HO2, H2O2, and OH have been retrieved simultaneously from the far-infrared emission spectra obtained with a balloon-borne Fourier transform spectrometer in June 1983 at 32 deg N latitude. Retrieved concentrations of HO2 and H2O2 are reported, along with vertical distributions of OH which were reported in an earlier paper for the afternoon, sunset, and nighttime periods for altitudes from 26 to 38 km. HO2 distributions are obtained with uncertainties that are about the same as OH for the same vertical range and for the afternoon and sunset periods. H2O2 concentration is obtained at an altitude of 30 km for the period that covers afternoon and sunset hours. The retrieved concentrations of these HO(x) species agree well with other individually measured results and the steady state photochemical predictions. The ratio HO2/OH at around 32 km seems to increase from the afternoon period to the sunset period.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 96; 22
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Infrared spectroscopic measurements of halogenated sink and reservoir gases in the stratosphere with the ATMOS instrument (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) instrument recorded 19 sets of interferograms during solar occultations in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres over the course of the Spacelab 3 mission. The resulting IR spectra furnish concentration profiles for over 25 atmospheric species. Attention is presently given to the volume mixing ratio profiles for HCl and HF in the 15-60-km altitude region, retrieved from northern sunsets and southern sunrises. The HF/HCl ratios deduced are in good agreement with model predictions. The total atmospheric chlorine at 50 km is nearly all in the form of HCl.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 9851-985
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Detection of carbonyl fluoride in the stratosphere (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Infrared solar absorption spectra of the stratosphere recorded at a resolution of 0.01/cm by the ATMOS (Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy) instrument from onboard Spacelab 3 (04/30 to 05/6/85) have revealed the existence of many previously unobserved absorption features in the 1925 to 1960/cm and 1249 to 1255/cm regions and one at 774/cm. On the basis of comparisons with laboratory spectra, these features have been identified as belonging to the nu1, nu4, and nu6 bands of carbonyl fluoride, respectively. Volume mixing ratios of COF2 between 17 and 40 km have been deduced from analysis of the nu1 and nu6 bands.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 13; 769-772
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Spectroscopic detection of Ch3Cl in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Absorptions due to the nu1 band of CH3Cl have been identified for the first time in infrared solar absorption spectra of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The spectral data were obtained with the ATMOS Fourier transform spectrometer on board Spacelab 3 in May 1985 during four solar occultation events near latitudes of 30 deg N, 26 deg N, 25 deg N, and 49 deg S. Volume mixing ratio profiles of CH3Cl retrieved for the altitude range 12 to 23 km at these four latitudes do not show appreciable differences. Vertical mixing ratio distributions vary from 6 x 10 to the -10th at 12 km to 3 x 10 to the -10th at 23 km with an average uncertainty of about 25 percent. The retrieved mixing ratio does not decrease with altitude as rapidly as the data obtained by in situ techniques.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 13; 765-768
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Evidence for the presence of the 802.7/cm band Q branch of HO2NO2 in high resolution solar absorption spectra of the stratosphere (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Stratospheric solar absorption spectra recorded at about 0.01/cm resolution by the ATMOS (Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy) Fourier transform spectrometer during the Spacelab 3 Shuttle mission (4/30-5/6/85) show a weak absorption feature covering about 802.5-803.3/cm. This feature is identified as the unresolved Q branch of the 802.7/cm band of HO2NO2 and profiles for 31 deg N and 47 deg S are reported.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 13; 761-764
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  • 8
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    ATMOS Spacelab science investigation (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmopshere Res. Program; p 201-202
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  • 9
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    Effect of interferogram smearing on atmospheric limb sounding by Fourier transform spectroscopy (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An analytical method for the analysis of absorption spectra obtained from the interferograms of an interferometer operated in the solar occultation mode, in which an interferogram is smeared with individual interferogram components generated by the passage of rays at different tangent altitudes, is described. The creation of strong sidelobes on absorption lines by the interferogram smearing leads to the recommendation of a strong apodization on the interferogram for the solar occultation experiment. The application of these concepts to the simultaneous retrieval of temperature and pressure from CO2 4.3-micron band stratospheric absorption spectra includes the analysis of the continuum absorptions by the pressure-induced N2 fundamental bands and by far wings of the CO2 v3 band. Agreement is reported between observed and simulated spectra.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Applied Optics; 21; Apr. 15
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Stratospheric measurements of continuous absorption near 2400 per cm (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Measurements of continuous absorption near 2400 per cm by N2 and CO2 over long path lengths in the lower stratosphere are presented. The continua were measured in a stratospheric solar spectrum obtained during sunset with a balloon-borne Michelson interferometer in the 2380-2500 per cm region, and transmittances were calculated by ratioing the amplitudes to those of a high-sun spectrum in order to eliminate the wavelength dependence of the measured flux. Comparison of the measured transmittances with those calculated for a multilayered atmospheric model using laboratory absorption measurements results in a fair agreement, and reveals the primary component of the absorption throughout most of the range to be N2, with the CO2 contribution equal to that of N2 only at the CO2 band head. In this region, the shape of the continuum is very sensitive to the sub-Lorentzian line shape assumed in the calculations, and so, if the shape of the N2 continuum at low temperatures can be determined through laboratory measurements, may be used to infer air-broadened far-wing CO2 line shape.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Applied Optics; 20; Dec. 15
    Format: text
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