Publication Date:
2014-10-04
Description:
Thirty years after the discovery of HIV-1, the early transmission, dissemination, and establishment of the virus in human populations remain unclear. Using statistical approaches applied to HIV-1 sequence data from central Africa, we show that from the 1920s Kinshasa (in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo) was the focus of early transmission and the source of pre-1960 pandemic viruses elsewhere. Location and dating estimates were validated using the earliest HIV-1 archival sample, also from Kinshasa. The epidemic histories of HIV-1 group M and nonpandemic group O were similar until ~1960, after which group M underwent an epidemiological transition and outpaced regional population growth. Our results reconstruct the early dynamics of HIV-1 and emphasize the role of social changes and transport networks in the establishment of this virus in human populations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4254776/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4254776/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faria, Nuno R -- Rambaut, Andrew -- Suchard, Marc A -- Baele, Guy -- Bedford, Trevor -- Ward, Melissa J -- Tatem, Andrew J -- Sousa, Joao D -- Arinaminpathy, Nimalan -- Pepin, Jacques -- Posada, David -- Peeters, Martine -- Pybus, Oliver G -- Lemey, Philippe -- 092807/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095831/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MR/K010174/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 AI050529/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG006139/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI050529/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 3;346(6205):56-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1256739. Epub 2014 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. ; Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. ; Departments of Biomathematics and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1766, USA. Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1766, USA. ; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. ; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. ; Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. ; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK. ; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Centro de Malaria e outras Doencas Tropicais and Unidade de Microbiologia, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal. ; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. ; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Universite de Sherbrooke, CHUS, 3001, 12eme Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada. ; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain. ; Laboratoire Retrovirus, UMI233, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement and University of Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP5045, 34032 Montpellier, France. ; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. philippe.lemey@rega.kuleuven.be oliver.pybus@zoo.ox.ac.uk. ; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. philippe.lemey@rega.kuleuven.be oliver.pybus@zoo.ox.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology/history/transmission
;
Communicable Diseases, Emerging/*epidemiology/history/transmission
;
Democratic Republic of the Congo
;
Evolution, Molecular
;
HIV-1/classification/genetics/*physiology
;
History, 20th Century
;
History, 21st Century
;
Humans
;
*Pandemics/history
;
Phylogeny
;
Population Dynamics/history
;
Recombination, Genetic
;
Urbanization/history/trends
Print ISSN:
0036-8075
Electronic ISSN:
1095-9203
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Computer Science
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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