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  • LASERS AND MASERS  (18)
  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION  (1)
  • tolerances  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salinity tolerances of four species of fish from the Murray-Darling River system (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 210 (1991), S. 145-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: salinity ; Murray-Darling ; fish ; tolerances ; Australia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The salinity tolerances of four species of small fishes native to the Murray-Darling river system were measured. Slow acclimation LD50s were 43.7 ± 1.7 g L−1 for Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum Gunther, 38.0 ± 1.1 g L−1 for Hypseleotris klunzingeri (Ogilby), 58.7 ± 0.9 g L−1 for Retropinna semoni (Weber), and 29.8 ± 0.7 g L−1 for Melanotaenia splendida (Castelnau). The salinity tolerance of M. splendida was also measured by direct transfer, providing an estimated LD50 (infinite exposure time) of 20.8 g L−1, ∼ 70% of the slow acclimation value. Results suggest that at least adults of the species studied are under no threat from present or foreseeable salinities in the Murray River.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014328
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Power transmission by laser beam from lunar-synchronous satellites to a lunar rover (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: This study addresses the possibility of beaming laser power from synchronous lunar orbits (L1 and L2 LaGrange points) to a manned long-range lunar rover. The rover and two versions of a satellite system (one powered by a nuclear reactor; the other by photovoltaics) are described in terms of their masses, geometry, power needs, mission and technological capabilities. Laser beam power is generated by a laser diode array in the satellite and converted to 30 kW of electrical power at the rover. Present technological capabilities, with some extrapolation to near future capabilities, are used in the descriptions. The advantages of the two satellite/rover systems over other such systems and over rovers with on-board power are discussed along with the possibility of enabling other missions.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: In: IECEC '92; Proceedings of the 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, Aug. 3-7, 1992. Vol. 2 (A93-25851 09-44); p. 2.299-2.304.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Laser power beams obtained by the dynamic selection of emitting elements in an array (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A method for partially correcting the spatial coherence of an array of laser beams is discussed. The method trades far-field intensity for simplistic implementation and array lifetime extension, resulting in a quasi-coherent array with features of adaptive optics. An algorithm for implementing the method is described and feasible options for improvement are presented. A computer experiment used the algorithm and fast Fourier transforms to calculate typical far-field intensity distributions of such arrays. The far-field distributions illustrate beam power concentration, beam steering, and (indirectly) extended lifetime of the array.
    Keywords: LASERS AND MASERS
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 31; 15, M
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Nuclear-pumped He-3-Ar laser excited by the He-3/n,p/H-3 reaction (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: LASERS AND MASERS
    Type: Applied Physics Letters; 29; Aug. 1
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Laser-powered Martian rover (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Two rover concepts were considered: an unpressurized skeleton vehicle having available 4.5 kW of electrical power and limited to a range of about 10 km from a temporary Martian base and a much larger surface exploration vehicle (SEV) operating on a maximum 75-kW power level and essentially unrestricted in range or mission. The only baseline reference system was a battery-operated skeleton vehicle with very limited mission capability and range and which would repeatedly return to its temporary base for battery recharging. It was quickly concluded that laser powering would be an uneconomical overkill for this concept. The SEV, on the other hand, is a new rover concept that is especially suited for powering by orbiting solar or electrically pumped lasers. Such vehicles are visualized as mobile habitats with full life-support systems onboard, having unlimited range over the Martian surface, and having extensive mission capability (e.g., core drilling and sampling, construction of shelters for protection from solar flares and dust storms, etc.). Laser power beaming to SEV's was shown to have the following advantages: (1) continuous energy supply by three orbiting lasers at 2000 km (no storage requirements as during Martian night with direct solar powering); (2) long-term supply without replacement; (3) very high power available (MW level possible); and (4) greatly enhanced mission enabling capability beyond anything currently conceived.
    Keywords: LASERS AND MASERS
    Type: Second Beamed Space-Power Workshop; p 317-327
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Laser-powered lunar base (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The objective was to compare a nuclear reactor-driven Sterling engine lunar base power source to a laser-to-electric converter with orbiting laser power station, each providing 1 MW of electricity to the lunar base. The comparison was made on the basis of total mass required in low-Earth-orbit for each system. This total mass includes transportation mass required to place systems in low-lunar orbit or on the lunar surface. The nuclear reactor with Sterling engines is considered the reference mission for lunar base power and is described first. The details of the laser-to-electric converter and mass are discussed. The next two solar-driven high-power laser concepts, the diode array laser or the iodine laser system, are discussed with associated masses in low-lunar-orbit. Finally, the payoff for laser-power beaming is summarized.
    Keywords: LASERS AND MASERS
    Type: Second Beamed Space-Power Workshop; p 293-316
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Laser reflection from oxide-coated aluminum (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The theory of reflection from an oxide-coated metal is combined with experimentally measured parameters of aluminum to produce useful amplitude and phase shift information applicable to the concentration and direction of laser light. Amplitude and phase are plotted vs angle of incidence for several important laser wavelengths in the near UV, visible, and IR spectral regions.
    Keywords: LASERS AND MASERS
    Type: Applied Optics; 21; Feb. 15
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Analysis and development of dynamic selection of laser array elements (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The transmission of large amounts of power in space by laser beam (diode lasers, in particular) requires an array of lasers to increase total power. Concentration of the beam requires some degree of coherence. Temporal coherence can be obtained by locking amplifiers to a master oscillator. However, spatial coherence is not so easily created or maintained. Many mechanical, thermal, and electrical factors oppose it continually. A very simple method is described for creating and maintaining a degree of spatial coherence by simply turning selected diodes ON or OFF. The degree of coherence can be chosen; the greater the coherence, the larger is the number of lasers required for a given power and the longer the lifetime of the array. An experiment for analyzing performance, verifying theory, and evaluating critical parameters is also proposed.
    Keywords: LASERS AND MASERS
    Type: NASA-TM-4375 , L-17043 , NAS 1.15:4375
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Preliminary design and cost of a 1-megawatt solar-pumped iodide laser space-to-space transmission station (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A preliminary conceptual design of a space-based solar pumped iodide laser emitting 1 megawatt of laser power for space-to-space power transmission is described. A near parabolic solar collector focuses sunlight onto the t-C4F9I (perfluoro-t butyl iodide) lasant within a transverse flow optical cavity. Using waste heat, a thermal system was designed to supply compressor and auxiliary power. System components were designed with weight and cost estimates assigned. Although cost is very approximate, the cost comparison of individual system components leads to valuable insights for future research. In particular, it was found that laser efficiency was not a dominant cost or weight factor, the dominant factor being the laser cavity and laser transmission optics. The manufacturing cost was approx. two thirds of the total cost with transportation to orbit the remainder. The flowing nonrenewable lasant comprised 20% of the total life cycle cost of the system and thus was not a major cost factor. The station mass was 92,000 kg without lasant, requiring approx. four shuttle flights to low Earth orbit where an orbital transfer vehicle will transport it to the final altitude of 6378 km.
    Keywords: LASERS AND MASERS
    Type: NASA-TM-4002 , L-16308 , NAS 1.15:4002
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Solar-pumped solid state Nd lasers (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Solid state neodymium lasers are considered candidates for space-based polar-pumped laser for continuous power transmission. Laser performance for three different slab laser configurations has been computed to show the excellent power capability of such systems if heat problems can be solved. Ideas involving geometries and materials are offered as potential solutions to the heat problem.
    Keywords: LASERS AND MASERS
    Type: NASA-TM-87615 , NAS 1.15:87615
    Format: application/pdf
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