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  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (6)
  • Citrus jambhiri  (3)
  • Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry  (3)
  • Humans  (3)
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  • 1
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    Perspectives: epidemiology. Simple rules with complex dynamics (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉May, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 28;287(5453):601-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Office of Science and Technology, London, UK. robert.may@zoo.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10691541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Birth Rate ; Child ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Disease Susceptibility ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Humans ; Incidence ; Measles/*epidemiology/transmission ; Measles Vaccine ; *Nonlinear Dynamics ; Seasons ; Vaccination
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Transdisciplinary EU science institute needs funds urgently (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vasbinder, Jan W -- Andersson, Bertil -- Arthur, W Brian -- Boasson, Maarten -- de Boer, Rob -- Changeux, Jean Pierre -- Domingo, Esteban -- Eigen, Manfred -- Fersht, Alan -- Frenkel, Daan -- Rees, Martin -- Groen, Theo -- Huber, Robert -- Hunt, Tim -- Holland, John -- May, Robert -- Norrby, Erling -- Nijkamp, Peter -- Lehn, Jean Marie -- Rabbinge, Rudy -- Scheffer, Marten -- Schuster, Peter -- Serageldin, Ismail -- Stuip, Jan -- de Vries, Jan -- van Vierssen, Wim -- Willems, Rein -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 18;463(7283):876. doi: 10.1038/463876a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20164899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/*economics/trends ; Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/trends ; European Union ; Humans ; Internationality ; Netherlands ; Research/*economics/trends ; *Research Design
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Ecology: The Convention on Biological Diversity's 2010 target (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balmford, Andrew -- Bennun, Leon -- Brink, Ben Ten -- Cooper, David -- Cote, Isabelle M -- Crane, Peter -- Dobson, Andrew -- Dudley, Nigel -- Dutton, Ian -- Green, Rhys E -- Gregory, Richard D -- Harrison, Jeremy -- Kennedy, Elizabeth T -- Kremen, Claire -- Leader-Williams, Nigel -- Lovejoy, Thomas E -- Mace, Georgina -- May, Robert -- Mayaux, Phillipe -- Morling, Paul -- Phillips, Joanna -- Redford, Kent -- Ricketts, Taylor H -- Rodriguez, Jon Paul -- Sanjayan, M -- Schei, Peter J -- van Jaarsveld, Albert S -- Walther, Bruno A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 14;307(5707):212-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cambridge University and University of Cape Town.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15653489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; International Cooperation ; Models, Biological ; Models, Theoretical ; Public Policy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stratospheric ozone depletion and plantinsect interactions: Effects of UVB radiation on foliage quality ofCitrus jambhiri forTrichoplusia ni (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 525-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Citrus jambhiri ; Trichoplusia ni ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; bergapten ; furanocoumarins ; phototoxins ; plant-herbivore interactions ; psoralen ; ultraviolet-B radiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Projected decreases in stratospheric ozone may result in increases in shortwave ultraviolet (UVB) irradiation at the earth's surface. Furanocoumarins, phototoxic compounds found inCitrus jambhiri foliage, increase in concentration when these plants are grown under enhanced UVB. Survivorship schedules ofTrichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) caterpillars reared on plants in the presence and absence of enhanced UVB regimes differ significantly; larvae develop more slowly in early life when reared on plants exposed to increased UVB. This same developmental pattern is observed whenT. ni larvae are reared on artificial diets amended with ecologically appropriate amounts of furanocoumarins. Thus, anthropogenically derived changes in stratospheric ozone and concomitant changes in UV light quality at the earth's surface may influence ecological interactions between insects and their host plants by altering secondary metabolism and hence foliage quality for herbivores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02059595
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Furanocoumarin content and phototoxicity of rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri) foliage exposed to enhanced ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 1125-1137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Citrus jambhiri ; furanocoumarins ; phototoxins ; ultraviolet-B radiation ; plant-herbivore interactions ; psoralen ; bergapten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Rooted cuttings ofC. jambhiri were grown under enhanced levels of UVB radiation for 95 days. Bacterial phototoxicity and furanocoumarin content were determined in extracts made from various tissues from the aboveground biomass. Young, newly expanded leaves contained significantly higher concentrations of furanocoumarins than older leaves and stems. Additionally, the proportional concentration of psoralen was higher in young leaves than in old leaves. While treatment with UVB did not result in a change in the overall level of furanocoumarins, it did cause an increase in the ratio of psoralen to bergapten. Bacterial phototoxicity paralleled the distribution of furanocoumarin content among tissue types; analysis of covariance suggested that the phototoxic properties of the extracts could be accounted for on the basis of furanocoumarin content alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00980068
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phototoxicity ofCitrus jambhiri to fungi under enhanced UV-B radiation: Role of furanocoumarins (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 2813-2830 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Citrus jambhiri ; Fusarium oxysporum ; Fusarium solani ; Penicillium digitatum ; Penicillium italicum ; fungi ; bergapten ; psoralen ; furanocoumarin ; phototoxicity ; ultraviolet light
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Extracts ofCitrus jambhiri foliage exposed to and shielded from UV-B radiation were assayed for phytochemical changes and phototoxicity against four fungal pathogens, two of which (Fusarium solani andF. oxysporum) are causative agents of root rots and two of which (Penicillium italicum andP. digitatum) are associated with fruit rots. Conidial pigment mutants of these four fungal species were assayed to determine whether pigments play a role in protecting fungi against plant photosensitizers. Exposure to 10.2 kJ/ day UV-B radiation for 95 days significantly reduced phototoxicity of leaf extracts to fungi. Although furanocoumarin levels were reduced by UV-B, analysis of covariance revealed that variation in phototoxicity of the extracts cannot be attributed entirely to variation in furanocoumarin content; thus, the possibility exists that nonfuranocoumarin phototoxic constituents, as yet unidentified, respond to UV-B exposure and contribute to overall phototoxic defense ofC. jambhiri against pathogens. Root rot fungi were substantially more sensitive to furanocoumarin phototoxicity than were fruit rot fungi, a pattern consistent with the amount of light exposure normally experienced by these fungi when associated with phototoxic plants. Although pigmented strains of all four species displayed greater resistance to phototoxicity of pure furanocoumarins, no strain differences were detected in assays of foliar extracts; this finding also suggests that nonfuranocoumarin constituents may be involved in the phototoxic defense ofC. jambhiri against pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00980585
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative processing of allelochemicals in the Papilionidae (Lepidoptera) (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 17 (1991), S. 213-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: swallowtails ; cytochrome P450 ; detoxication ; esterase ; furanocoumarins ; phenolic glycosides ; aristolochic acid ; Papilio polyxenes ; Papilio glaucus ; Battus philenor ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Within the family Papilionidae (Lepidoptera), species display a broad range of feeding patterns, from oligophagy on a single hostplant family to polyphagy on over a dozen families. Accompanying this diversity of feeding strategies is a diversity of physiological mechanisms for processing hostplant allelochemicals. Studies on members of this family as well as other Lepidoptera suggest that oligophagy is associated with high activity, in addition to high substrate specificity, of detoxicative enzymes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940170405
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food utilization and antioxidant enzyme activities of black swallowtail in response to plant phototoxins (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 23 (1993), S. 79-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: detoxification ; furanocoumarin ; Papilio polyxenes ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Phototoxic compounds are widely distributed among plant families; due to their ability to bind covalently to DNA or to react with oxygen and generate toxic oxyradicals, these compounds are toxic to a variety of herbivorous organisms. Black swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes) larvae feed exclusively on phototoxic host plants in the Apiaceae and Rutaceae. In this study, we examined the toxicity of four phototoxins - three furanocoumarins and one β-carboline alkaloid - to P. polyxenes, as well as the inducibility of antioxidant enzyme defenses in response to these phototoxins. Neither the furanocoumarins nor the β-carboline alkaloid demonstrated any toxic effect on digestive efficiencies of P. polyxenes in the presence of light; harmine, the alkaloid, did significantly reduce growth and consumption rates. None of the compounds had a significant effect on antioxidant enzyme levels. These findings contrast with those reported in earlier studies for Trichoplusia ni, a generalist noctuid sensitive to both furanocoumarins and β-carboline alkaloids. Greater detoxicative metabolic capabilities, coupled with substantially higher constitutive levels of antioxidant enzyme activity, likely explain at least in part the absence of induced antioxidant enzyme responses in the specialist feeder on phototoxic plants. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940230204
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Action of antioxidant enzymes and cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases in the cabbage looper in response to plant phototoxins (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 151-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: catalase ; detoxification ; glutathione peroxidase ; glutathione reductase ; induction ; superoxide dismutase ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Effects of two biosynthetically distinct plant phototoxins - xanthototoxin, a furanocoumarin, and harmine, a β-carboline alkaloid, which are known to produce toxic oxygen species - on the food utilization efficiencies and enzymatic detoxification systems of the polyphagous cabbage looper. Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were studied. Newly molted fifth-instar larvae were allowed 36 h to ingest diets containing these two phototoxins at 0.15% wet weight in the presence of near ultraviolet (UVA). The growth and development of the larvae, as well as the corresponding activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPOX), and glutathione reductase (GR) and the detoxification enzyme cytochrome P-450, were measured. Xanthotoxin reduced rates of relative growth and consumption and efficiencies of conversion of ingested and digested food to biomass. Harmine reduced rates of growth and consumption without affecting efficiencies of conversion. Specific activities of SOD, CAT, GPOX, and GR of whole-body homogenates in the absence of compounds were 0.88 units, 153μmol H2O2 decomposed·mg protein-1·min - 1, 38.3 nmol NADPH oxidized·mg protein-1·min-1, and 0.56 nmol NADPH oxidized·mg protein-1·min-1, respectively. SOD activity was induced 2.9-fold and 3.8-fold by dietary xanthotoxin and harmine, respectively. CAT and GPOX activities were induced 1.2-fold by harmine only, and GR activity was not changed by either chemical. The P-450 activity toward xanthotoxin in the microsomal fraction of midguts was low (0.15 nmol xanthotoxin metabolized·mg protein-1·min-1) and was not induced by xanthotoxin ingestion. These studies indicate that P-450 and antioxidant enzyme systems may be independent but consequential, the induction of antioxidant enzymes by phototoxins occurring when low P-450 activity toward the phototoxin permits the accumulation of oxidative stress from unmetabolized phototoxin, which in turn induces antioxidant enzymes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100206
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  • 10
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    Aircraft laser infrared absorption spectrometer (ALIAS) for polar ozone studies (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The ALIAS instrument is a very high resolution (0.0003/cm) scanning, tunable diode laser spectrometer designed to make direct, simultaneous measurements of NO2, HNO3, HCl, CH4, and either O3 or N2O (including vertical profiles of CH4 and N2O) in the polar stratosphere at sub-part-per-billion level sensitivities over integration times from 3 to 30 s. Unique features include a sample inlet/throttle system designed to achieve near-isokinetic sampling, in PSC events, an in-flight wavelength reference cell rack, mechanical fringe-spoilers, a four-laser/four-detector dewar with 24-hr hold-time operating at a fixed temperature without electrical regulation, and in-flight fast correlation routines for spectral drift compensation prior to spectral addition. Instrument design and test flight results are discussed in the light of ALIAS's role in the Winter 1991 Arctic aircraft stratospheric ozone campaigns out of Fairbanks, Alaska, and Bangor, Maine.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: In: Infrared technology XVII; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 22-26, 1991 (A93-38376 15-35); p. 187-194.
    Format: text
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