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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced graft polymerization of vinyl monomers onto polyamide-6 (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 234 (1996), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die strahleninduzierte Pfropfcopolymerisation von 4-Vinylpyridin (VP) und eines binären Gemisches von VP mit Acrylnitril (AN) auf Polyamid-6 (PA6) wurde untersucht. Die optimalen Reaktionsbedingungen zur Erzielung maximaler Pfropfung wurden ermittelt. Die Pfropfcopolymeren wurden mittels IR-Spektroskopie und thermogravimetrischer Analyse charakterisiert. Die thermischen Eigenschaften der Fasern änderten sich durch das Pfropfen, das Färbeverhalten der Fasern bezüglich der Gesamtfarbstoffaufnahme jedoch kaum.
    Notes: Radiation-induced graft copolymerization of 4-vinyl pyridine (VP) and a binary mixture of VP and acrylonitrile (AN) onto polyamide-6 (PA6) fiber has been studied. Optimum reaction conditions leading to maximum percentage of grafting have been evaluated. The graft copolymers have been characterized by IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and also by studying the dyeing behaviour of the grafted and ungrafted fiber. It has been observed that, although the thermal properties of fibers had changed upon grafting, the dyeing behaviour, with respect to the total dye uptake, did show only little improvement.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052340101
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gamma radiation induced graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers onto poly(vinyl alcohol) (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2209-2215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In an attempt to modify water-soluble synthetic polymers, graft Copolymerization of methylmethacrylate (MMA) and ethyl acrylate (EA) onto poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA, has been studied by using gamma irradiation from a Co60 source as initiator. The graft copolymerization was carried out in an aqueous medium by the mutual method in air. The effect of total dose and concentration of vinyl monomers on percentage of grafting has been determined. Water plays a significant role in the enhancement of graft copolymerization and the optimum amount of water to afford maximum grafting has been evaluated. The effect of CH3OH on aqueous grafting of MMA and EA by radiation method has been studied. The graft copolymer has been characterized by IR spectroscopic and thermogravimetric methods.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240915
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting onto polypropylene II. Solvent effect on graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile by preirradiation method (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 53-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acrylonitrile (AN) has been graft copolymerized onto isotactic polypropylene (IPP) by the preirradiation method using Co60 as the source of gamma rays in the presence of ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert. butyl alcohol, and n-pentanol. Alcohols vary in their ability to influence grafting of AN onto IPP and the following reactivity order was found: n-pentanol 〉 n-butanol 〉 tert.-butanol 〉 n-propanol 〉 ethanol 〉 isopropanol. An attempt has been made to explain the observed reactivity pattern shown by different alcohols. Thermal behavior of the graft copolymer has been compared with that of IPP and irradiated IPP and it was observed that grafted IPP is thermally more stable than IPP and irradiated IPP.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080270105
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of silicon-containing polymers IV. Thermally stable organosilicon poly-1,2,4-triazoles (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Novel silicon-containing poly-1,2,4-triazoles have been synthesized by the reaction of polyhydrazide precursors and aniline in polyphosphoric acid (PPA) at 260°C. The polyhydrazide intermediates were prepared from aromatic dihydrazides and silicon-containing acid dichlorides via interfacial polycondensation. These polymers and their intermediates were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), solubility, and by solution viscosity. The thermal behavior of these polytriazoles has been studied by dynamic thermogravimetry.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240109
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting onto poly(vinyl alcohol). II. Graft copolymerization of methyl acrylate and vinyl acetate and their binary mixture using γ-rays as initiator (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2117-2125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methyl acrylate (MA), vinyl acetate (VAc) and their binary mixture (MA + VAc) have been graft copolymerized onto poly(vinyl alcohol) using γ-rays as initiator by mutual radiation method in aqueous medium. The optimum conditions for affording maximum grafting have been evaluated. The percentage of grafting has been determined as a function of total dose, concentrations of poly(vinyl alcohol), MA, VAc, and their binary mixture. Rate of grafting (Rp) and induction period (Ip) have been determined as a function of total initial mixed monomer concentration and concentration of poly(vinyl alcohol). The graft copolymer has been characterized by thermogravimetric method. The effect of donor monomer (vinyl acetate) on percent grafting of acceptor monomer (methyl acrylate) has been explained.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250808
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of metal ions on the structure and spectra of the peptide group (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 14 (1975), S. 1019-1026 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interaction between salts of Groups IA and IIA and model aliphatic amides has been studied. The interaction has been monitored by calorimetry and spectroscopy. Among the alkali cations, lithium ion interacts strongest, while in Group II calcium appears to interact somewhat stronger than magnesium. The metal cation binds to the amide oxygen atom and causes alteration in the amide group geometry. As a consequence, significant alterations are seen in the infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet, and circular dichroism spectra of the ligand peptide. These findings are suggested to be of importance to the conformational studies of polypeptides and proteins.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1975.360140510
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting onto wool, XVII. Graft copolymerization of methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate by use of VO(acac)2 as initiator. Comparison of monomer reactivities (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 102 (1982), S. 59-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurden Pfropfcopolymerisationen mit den Akzeptormonomeren Methylacrylat und Ethylacrylat auf Himachali-Wollfasern in wäßrigem Medium unter Verwendung von Vanadinoxiacetylacetonat als Initiator bei 40, 50, 60 und 70°C untersucht. Die Pfropfcopolymerisation wurde bei verschiedenen Reaktionszeiten durchgeführt, und Salpetersäure hat sich als Katalysator erwiesen. Der Propf- und Pfropfwirkungsgrad wurde als Funktion der Konzentration von Salpetersäure, Initiator, Monomeren, der Zeit und der Temperatur bestimmt. Unter optimalen Bedingungen pfropften Methylacrylat und Ethylacrylat maximal bis zu 28,4 bzw. 18,5% auf. Die relative Reaktivität von Methylacrylat und Ethylacrylat beim Pfropfen wurde mit jener von Methylmethacrylat, Acrylsäure und Vinylacetat, worüber früher berichtet wurde, verglichen. Die einzelnen Vinylmonomere zeigten folgende Reaktivitätsreihenfolge: MMA 〉 MA 〉 EA 〉 AAC 〉 VAc. Mehrere Pfropfversuche wurden in Gegenwart verschiedener Additive, wie tert.-Butylhydroperoxid (TBHP), DMSO, Pyridin und DMF durchgeführt. Nur TBHP zeigte eine merkliche Steigerung der Pfropfung, die anderen Additive erniedrigten den Pfropfgrad sowohl für Methylacrylat als auch für Ethylacrylat.
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of acceptor monomers methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate onto Himachali wool fiber has been studied in aqueous medium by using vanadium oxyacetyl acetonate as initiator at 40, 50, 60, and 70°C. Graft copolymerization was carried out for various reaction periods and nitric acid was found to catalyse the reaction. Percentage of grafting and percent efficiency have been determined as functions of concentration of nitric acid, concentration of initiator, concentration of monomer, time, and temperature. Under optimum conditions, methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate afforded maximum grafting to the extent of 28.4 and 18.5%, respectively. Relative reactivities of methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate towards grafting have been compared with those of methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid and vinyl acetate reported earlier from this laboratory. Different vinyl monomers showed the following reactivity order: MMA 〉 MA 〉 EA 〉 AAc 〉 VAc. Several grafting experiments were carried out in the presence of various additives which included tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP), dimethylsulfoxide, pyridine, and dimethylformamide. Only TBHP was found to enhance grafting to a considerable extent, other additives decrease percent grafting of both methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1982.051020107
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting onto wool X. Graft copolymerization of vinyl acetate and methyl acrylate in presence of potassium persulphate  -  ferrous ammonium sulphate (KPS-FAS) system as redox initiator (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 90 (1980), S. 83-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Pfropf-Copolymerisation von Vinylacetat (VAC) und Methylacrylat (MA) auf Himachali-Wolle wurde bei 40, 45, 50 und 60°C in wäßrigem Medium mit einem KPS-FAS-System als Redoxinitiator untersucht. Eine maximale Pfropfung wurde mit VAC und mit MA bei 60°C erhalten. Ein Einfluß der Art des Vinylmonomeren auf die Pfropfung wurde untersucht. Die Pfropfausbeute wurde bestimmt als Funktion (a) der Monomerkonzentration, (b) des molaren Verhältnisses von FAS : KPS, (c) der Reaktionszeit und (d) der Temperatur. Die maximale Pfropfung wurde mit VAC und mit MA bei einem molaren Verhältnis von FAS : KPS = 0, 713 : 1 gefunden. Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit (Rp) und Induktionszeit (Ip) wurden als Funktion der gesamten anfänglichen Monomerkonzentration bestimmt. Es wurde gefunden, daß MA, ein Akzeptormonomeres, mehrfach reaktiver ist als VAC, ein Donormonomeres.
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of vinyl acetate (VAC) and methyl acrylate (MA) onto Himachali wool was studied at 40, 45, 50, and 60°C in aqueous medium by using (KPS-FAS) system as redox initiator. The maximum grafting of both VAC and MA occurred at 60°C. The nature of vinyl monomer was found to influence grafting. The percentage of grafting was determined as functions of (a) concentration of monomer, (b) molar ratio of FAS/KPS, (c) reaction time and (d) temperature. Maximum grafting of both VAC and MA occurred at a molar ratio of FAS:KPS = 0.713 : 1. The rate of grafting (Rp) and the induction period (Ip) of VAC and MA were determined as a function of total initial monomer concentration. MA, an acceptor monomer was found to be several times more reactive than VAC, a donor monomer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1980.050900108
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscometric studies of starch-g-polyacrylamide composites (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47 (1993), S. 1165-1174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Composites of starch-g-polyacrylamide, starch, and polyacrylamide have been prepared by gamma radiation-initiated polymerization of acrylamide in the presence of starch in aqueous medium. The polymerization was studied as a function of the (i) amount of water (ii) monomer concentration, and (iii) total dose. The optimum conditions for maximum conversion of the monomer to homopolymer and graft copolymer have been evaluated. Percentage of grafting of polyacrylamide could not be determined precisely as both the homopolymer and the graft are soluble in common solvents and all attempts to separate the graft from the homopolymer were unsuccessful. However, the formation of the starch-g-polyacrylamide copolymer was confirmed by the turbidimetric studies using acetone as a nonsolvent. The products of polymerization of acrylamide in the presence of starch consisted of unreacted starch, starch-g-polyacrylamide, and polyacrylamide and is referred to as the composite. Acrylamide was also polymerized in the absence of starch using γ-rays as means of initiation and the optimum conditions for maximum conversion of acrylamide to polyacrylamide have been evaluated. Viscosity behavior of the composite and polyacrylamide was studied in aqueous medium at 30±0.04°C. The reduced specific viscosity of the aqueous solution of acrylamide and the composite as well was found to increase with increasing dilution, the effect being more pronounced in the composite. This tends to indicate that both the homopolymer and the composite behave as polyelectrolytes. An attempt has been made to explain the polyelectrolytic behavior of the homopolymer and the composite. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070470704
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymerization of 4-vinyl pyridine onto isotactic polypropylene hydroperoxide by mutual irradiation method (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 48 (1993), S. 575-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An attempt has been made to graft copolymerize 4-vinyl pyridine onto isotactic polypropylene hydroperoxide by mutual irradiation method in an aqueous medium. Polypropylene hydroperoxide has been prepared by irradiating recrystallized polypropylene beads from a Co60 source in the presence of air. The resulting polypropylene hydroperoxide beads have been used as the backbone polymer and grafting of 4-vinyl pyridine has been studied as a function of various reaction parameters. Optimum conditions for maximum percentage of grafting have been evaluated. Rate of grafting (Rg) has been determined as a function of preirradiation dose and initial monomer concentration. Water has been found to affect percentage of grafting. The graft copolymers have been characterized by spectroscopic method and isolation of the grafted poly(4-VP) from the graft copolymer. A plausible mechanism is proposed to explain the mutual grafting of 4-vinyl pyridine onto polypropylene hydroperoxide. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070480402
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