ALBERT

Description: Genome function is dynamically regulated in part by chromatin, which consists of the histones, non-histone proteins and RNA molecules that package DNA. Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster have contributed substantially to our understanding of molecular mechanisms of genome function in humans, and have revealed conservation of chromatin components and mechanisms. Nevertheless, the three organisms have markedly different genome sizes, chromosome architecture and gene organization. On human and fly chromosomes, for example, pericentric heterochromatin flanks single centromeres, whereas worm chromosomes have dispersed heterochromatin-like regions enriched in the distal chromosomal 'arms', and centromeres distributed along their lengths. To systematically investigate chromatin organization and associated gene regulation across species, we generated and analysed a large collection of genome-wide chromatin data sets from cell lines and developmental stages in worm, fly and human. Here we present over 800 new data sets from our ENCODE and modENCODE consortia, bringing the total to over 1,400. Comparison of combinatorial patterns of histone modifications, nuclear lamina-associated domains, organization of large-scale topological domains, chromatin environment at promoters and enhancers, nucleosome positioning, and DNA replication patterns reveals many conserved features of chromatin organization among the three organisms. We also find notable differences in the composition and locations of repressive chromatin. These data sets and analyses provide a rich resource for comparative and species-specific investigations of chromatin composition, organization and function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4227084/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4227084/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ho, Joshua W K -- Jung, Youngsook L -- Liu, Tao -- Alver, Burak H -- Lee, Soohyun -- Ikegami, Kohta -- Sohn, Kyung-Ah -- Minoda, Aki -- Tolstorukov, Michael Y -- Appert, Alex -- Parker, Stephen C J -- Gu, Tingting -- Kundaje, Anshul -- Riddle, Nicole C -- Bishop, Eric -- Egelhofer, Thea A -- Hu, Sheng'en Shawn -- Alekseyenko, Artyom A -- Rechtsteiner, Andreas -- Asker, Dalal -- Belsky, Jason A -- Bowman, Sarah K -- Chen, Q Brent -- Chen, Ron A-J -- Day, Daniel S -- Dong, Yan -- Dose, Andrea C -- Duan, Xikun -- Epstein, Charles B -- Ercan, Sevinc -- Feingold, Elise A -- Ferrari, Francesco -- Garrigues, Jacob M -- Gehlenborg, Nils -- Good, Peter J -- Haseley, Psalm -- He, Daniel -- Herrmann, Moritz -- Hoffman, Michael M -- Jeffers, Tess E -- Kharchenko, Peter V -- Kolasinska-Zwierz, Paulina -- Kotwaliwale, Chitra V -- Kumar, Nischay -- Langley, Sasha A -- Larschan, Erica N -- Latorre, Isabel -- Libbrecht, Maxwell W -- Lin, Xueqiu -- Park, Richard -- Pazin, Michael J -- Pham, Hoang N -- Plachetka, Annette -- Qin, Bo -- Schwartz, Yuri B -- Shoresh, Noam -- Stempor, Przemyslaw -- Vielle, Anne -- Wang, Chengyang -- Whittle, Christina M -- Xue, Huiling -- Kingston, Robert E -- Kim, Ju Han -- Bernstein, Bradley E -- Dernburg, Abby F -- Pirrotta, Vincenzo -- Kuroda, Mitzi I -- Noble, William S -- Tullius, Thomas D -- Kellis, Manolis -- MacAlpine, David M -- Strome, Susan -- Elgin, Sarah C R -- Liu, Xiaole Shirley -- Lieb, Jason D -- Ahringer, Julie -- Karpen, Gary H -- Park, Peter J -- 092096/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 101863/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 54523/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 5RL9EB008539/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- K99 HG006259/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- K99HG006259/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM098461/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM048405/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM071340/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 HG002295/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004258/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004270/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004279/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004695/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004258/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004270/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004279/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004695/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA121852/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG004570/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG006991/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54CA121852/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54HG004570/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Aug 28;512(7515):449-52. doi: 10.1038/nature13415.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [3] [4] Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia (J.W.K.H.); Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA (T.L.); Department of Molecular Biology and Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA (K.I., T.E.J.); Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 06037, USA (J.D.L.); Division of Genomic Technologies, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (A.M.); Department of Genetics, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA (A.K.); Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA (N.C.R.). ; 1] Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [3]. ; 1] Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [3] [4] Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia (J.W.K.H.); Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA (T.L.); Department of Molecular Biology and Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA (K.I., T.E.J.); Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 06037, USA (J.D.L.); Division of Genomic Technologies, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (A.M.); Department of Genetics, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA (A.K.); Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA (N.C.R.). ; Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; 1] Department of Biology and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA [2] Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia (J.W.K.H.); Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA (T.L.); Department of Molecular Biology and Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA (K.I., T.E.J.); Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 06037, USA (J.D.L.); Division of Genomic Technologies, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (A.M.); Department of Genetics, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA (A.K.); Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA (N.C.R.). ; 1] Department of Information and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea [2] Systems Biomedical Informatics Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea. ; 1] Department of Genome Dynamics, Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [3] Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia (J.W.K.H.); Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA (T.L.); Department of Molecular Biology and Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA (K.I., T.E.J.); Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 06037, USA (J.D.L.); Division of Genomic Technologies, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (A.M.); Department of Genetics, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA (A.K.); Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA (N.C.R.). ; 1] Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [3] Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ; The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK. ; 1] National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA [2] National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA. ; 1] Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA [2] Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA [3] Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia (J.W.K.H.); Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA (T.L.); Department of Molecular Biology and Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA (K.I., T.E.J.); Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 06037, USA (J.D.L.); Division of Genomic Technologies, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (A.M.); Department of Genetics, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA (A.K.); Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA (N.C.R.). ; 1] Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA [2] Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia (J.W.K.H.); Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA (T.L.); Department of Molecular Biology and Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA (K.I., T.E.J.); Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 06037, USA (J.D.L.); Division of Genomic Technologies, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (A.M.); Department of Genetics, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA (A.K.); Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA (N.C.R.). ; 1] Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. ; Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA. ; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. ; 1] Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; 1] Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA [2] Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, 21545 El-Shatby, Alexandria, Egypt. ; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ; Department of Biology and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA. ; 1] Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Harvard/MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ; Department of Anatomy Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA. ; Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA. ; 1] Department of Biology and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA [2] Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA. ; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; 1] Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA. ; 1] Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario M6G 1L7, Canada. ; 1] Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA. ; 1] Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA [2] Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA. ; 1] Department of Genome Dynamics, Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA. ; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. ; 1] Department of Genome Dynamics, Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA. ; 1] Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA [2] Department of Molecular Biology, Umea University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden. ; 1] Systems Biomedical Informatics Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea [2] Seoul National University Biomedical Informatics, Division of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea. ; 1] Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA [3] Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA. ; 1] Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. ; 1] Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. ; 1] Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [3] Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA. ; 1] Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [3] Informatics Program, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25164756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Neurons live for decades in a postmitotic state, their genomes susceptible to DNA damage. Here we survey the landscape of somatic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the human brain. We identified thousands of somatic SNVs by single-cell sequencing of 36 neurons from the cerebral cortex of three normal individuals. Unlike germline and cancer SNVs, which are often caused by errors in DNA replication, neuronal mutations appear to reflect damage during active transcription. Somatic mutations create nested lineage trees, allowing them to be dated relative to developmental landmarks and revealing a polyclonal architecture of the human cerebral cortex. Thus, somatic mutations in the brain represent a durable and ongoing record of neuronal life history, from development through postmitotic function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4664477/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4664477/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lodato, Michael A -- Woodworth, Mollie B -- Lee, Semin -- Evrony, Gilad D -- Mehta, Bhaven K -- Karger, Amir -- Lee, Soohyun -- Chittenden, Thomas W -- D'Gama, Alissa M -- Cai, Xuyu -- Luquette, Lovelace J -- Lee, Eunjung -- Park, Peter J -- Walsh, Christopher A -- 1S10RR028832-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH106933/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS032457/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS079277/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 AG000222/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007226/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH106883/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 2;350(6256):94-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1785.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Research Computing, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Research Computing, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Complex Biological Systems Alliance, North Andover, MA, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. peter_park@harvard.edu christopher.walsh@childrens.harvard.edu. ; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. peter_park@harvard.edu christopher.walsh@childrens.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26430121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The transcriptome is the readout of the genome. Identifying common features in it across distant species can reveal fundamental principles. To this end, the ENCODE and modENCODE consortia have generated large amounts of matched RNA-sequencing data for human, worm and fly. Uniform processing and comprehensive annotation of these data allow comparison across metazoan phyla, extending beyond earlier within-phylum transcriptome comparisons and revealing ancient, conserved features. Specifically, we discover co-expression modules shared across animals, many of which are enriched in developmental genes. Moreover, we use expression patterns to align the stages in worm and fly development and find a novel pairing between worm embryo and fly pupae, in addition to the embryo-to-embryo and larvae-to-larvae pairings. Furthermore, we find that the extent of non-canonical, non-coding transcription is similar in each organism, per base pair. Finally, we find in all three organisms that the gene-expression levels, both coding and non-coding, can be quantitatively predicted from chromatin features at the promoter using a 'universal model' based on a single set of organism-independent parameters.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4155737/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4155737/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerstein, Mark B -- Rozowsky, Joel -- Yan, Koon-Kiu -- Wang, Daifeng -- Cheng, Chao -- Brown, James B -- Davis, Carrie A -- Hillier, LaDeana -- Sisu, Cristina -- Li, Jingyi Jessica -- Pei, Baikang -- Harmanci, Arif O -- Duff, Michael O -- Djebali, Sarah -- Alexander, Roger P -- Alver, Burak H -- Auerbach, Raymond -- Bell, Kimberly -- Bickel, Peter J -- Boeck, Max E -- Boley, Nathan P -- Booth, Benjamin W -- Cherbas, Lucy -- Cherbas, Peter -- Di, Chao -- Dobin, Alex -- Drenkow, Jorg -- Ewing, Brent -- Fang, Gang -- Fastuca, Megan -- Feingold, Elise A -- Frankish, Adam -- Gao, Guanjun -- Good, Peter J -- Guigo, Roderic -- Hammonds, Ann -- Harrow, Jen -- Hoskins, Roger A -- Howald, Cedric -- Hu, Long -- Huang, Haiyan -- Hubbard, Tim J P -- Huynh, Chau -- Jha, Sonali -- Kasper, Dionna -- Kato, Masaomi -- Kaufman, Thomas C -- Kitchen, Robert R -- Ladewig, Erik -- Lagarde, Julien -- Lai, Eric -- Leng, Jing -- Lu, Zhi -- MacCoss, Michael -- May, Gemma -- McWhirter, Rebecca -- Merrihew, Gennifer -- Miller, David M -- Mortazavi, Ali -- Murad, Rabi -- Oliver, Brian -- Olson, Sara -- Park, Peter J -- Pazin, Michael J -- Perrimon, Norbert -- Pervouchine, Dmitri -- Reinke, Valerie -- Reymond, Alexandre -- Robinson, Garrett -- Samsonova, Anastasia -- Saunders, Gary I -- Schlesinger, Felix -- Sethi, Anurag -- Slack, Frank J -- Spencer, William C -- Stoiber, Marcus H -- Strasbourger, Pnina -- Tanzer, Andrea -- Thompson, Owen A -- Wan, Kenneth H -- Wang, Guilin -- Wang, Huaien -- Watkins, Kathie L -- Wen, Jiayu -- Wen, Kejia -- Xue, Chenghai -- Yang, Li -- Yip, Kevin -- Zaleski, Chris -- Zhang, Yan -- Zheng, Henry -- Brenner, Steven E -- Graveley, Brenton R -- Celniker, Susan E -- Gingeras, Thomas R -- Waterston, Robert -- 1U01HG007031-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- 5U01HG004695-04/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- 5U54HG004555/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG007000/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG007355/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- K99 HG006698/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA045508/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076655/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RC2-HG005639/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T15 LM007056/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD060555/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG 004263/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004261/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004271/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG007031/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HG004261/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004258/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U41 HG007000/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U41 HG007234/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U41 HG007355/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG004555/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG006944/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG006994/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG007004/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG007005/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54HG007005/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- WT098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- ZIA DK015600-18/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Aug 28;512(7515):445-8. doi: 10.1038/nature13424.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, Bass 432, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA [2] Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, Bass 432, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA [3] Department of Computer Science, Yale University, 51 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA [4] [5]. ; 1] Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, Bass 432, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA [2] Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, Bass 432, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA [3]. ; 1] Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA [2] Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766, USA [3]. ; 1] Department of Genome Dynamics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, 367 Evans Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-3860, USA [3]. ; 1] Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA [2]. ; 1] Department of Genome Sciences and University of Washington School of Medicine, William H. Foege Building S350D, 1705 Northeast Pacific Street, Box 355065 Seattle, Washington 98195-5065, USA [2]. ; 1] Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, 367 Evans Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-3860, USA [2] Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1554, USA [3] Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-7088, USA [4]. ; 1] Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 400 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA [2]. ; 1] Centre for Genomic Regulation, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain [2] Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain [3]. ; 1] Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, Bass 432, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA [2] Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, Bass 432, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. ; Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, 10 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA. ; Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, 367 Evans Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-3860, USA. ; Department of Genome Sciences and University of Washington School of Medicine, William H. Foege Building S350D, 1705 Northeast Pacific Street, Box 355065 Seattle, Washington 98195-5065, USA. ; 1] Department of Genome Dynamics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley, 367 Evans Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-3860, USA. ; Department of Genome Dynamics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ; 1] Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East 3rd Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7005, USA [2] Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, 1001 East 3rd Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7005, USA. ; MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. ; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 5635 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9307, USA. ; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK. ; 1] Centre for Genomic Regulation, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain [2] Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ; 1] Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland [2] Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Genopode building, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland. ; 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK [2] Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK. ; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8005, USA. ; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, PO Box 208103, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. ; Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East 3rd Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7005, USA. ; Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, Box 252, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; 1] Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 400 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA [2] Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 USA. ; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-8240, USA. ; 1] Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA [2] Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA. ; Section of Developmental Genomics, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 400 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA. ; 1] Department of Genetics and Drosophila RNAi Screening Center, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode building, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland. ; 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK [2] European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK. ; 1] Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Center for Genomic Regulation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CRG-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain [2] Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Theoretical Biochemistry Group (TBI), University of Vienna, Wahringerstrasse 17/3/303, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. ; 1] Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, 400 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA [2] Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China. ; 1] Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong [2] 5 CUHK-BGI Innovation Institute of Trans-omics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong. ; 1] Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [3]. ; 1] Department of Genome Dynamics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25164755" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉