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  • 1
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    LHC bounds on interactions of dark matter (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-10
    Description: Author(s): Arvind Rajaraman, William Shepherd, Tim M. P. Tait, and Alexander M. Wijangco [Phys. Rev. D 84, 095013] Published Wed Nov 09, 2011
    Keywords: Beyond the standard model
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    Interference effects in heavy W^{′}-boson searches at the LHC (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: Author(s): Elena Accomando, Diego Becciolini, Stefania De Curtis, Daniele Dominici, Luca Fedeli, and Claire Shepherd-Themistocleous Interference effects are widely neglected in searches for new physics. This is the case in recent publications on searches for W ′ bosons using leptonic final states. We examine the effects of interference on distributions frequently used to determine mass limits for possible W ′ bosons and show that ... [Phys. Rev. D 85, 115017] Published Fri Jun 22, 2012
    Keywords: Beyond the standard model
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 3
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    Simplified model approach to same-sign dilepton resonances (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-06
    Description: Author(s): Vikram Rentala, William Shepherd, and Shufang Su We discuss same-sign dilepton resonances in the simplified model approach. The relevant SU(3) Q J quantum numbers are 1 2 0,1,2 . For simplicity, we only consider a spin 0 scalar, which is typically referred to as a doubly charged Higgs in the literature. We consider the three simplest cases where the do... [Phys. Rev. D 84, 035004] Published Fri Aug 05, 2011
    Keywords: Beyond the standard model
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Cascading effects of the loss of apex predatory sharks from a coastal ocean (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: Impacts of chronic overfishing are evident in population depletions worldwide, yet indirect ecosystem effects induced by predator removal from oceanic food webs remain unpredictable. As abundances of all 11 great sharks that consume other elasmobranchs (rays, skates, and small sharks) fell over the past 35 years, 12 of 14 of these prey species increased in coastal northwest Atlantic ecosystems. Effects of this community restructuring have cascaded downward from the cownose ray, whose enhanced predation on its bay scallop prey was sufficient to terminate a century-long scallop fishery. Analogous top-down effects may be a predictable consequence of eliminating entire functional groups of predators.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, Ransom A -- Baum, Julia K -- Shepherd, Travis D -- Powers, Sean P -- Peterson, Charles H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1846-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Bivalvia ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Elasmobranchii ; Fisheries ; *Food Chain ; Ostreidae ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Predatory Behavior ; *Sharks ; Skates (Fish)
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Kinetic decoupling and small-scale structure in effective theories of dark matter (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-07-25
    Description: Author(s): Jonathan M. Cornell, Stefano Profumo, and William Shepherd The size of the smallest dark matter collapsed structures, or protohalos, is set by the temperature at which dark matter particles fall out of kinetic equilibrium. The process of kinetic decoupling involves elastic scattering of dark matter off of Standard Model particles in the early universe, and ... [Phys. Rev. D 88, 015027] Published Wed Jul 24, 2013
    Keywords: Beyond the standard model
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    Constraining ${Z}^{′}$ widths from ${p}_{T}$ measurements in Drell-Yan processes (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-17
    Description: Author(s): Elena Accomando, Juri Fiaschi, Stefano Moretti, and Claire H. Shepherd-Themistocleous We define a focus point (FP) asymmetry, A FP , obtained by integrating the normalized transverse momentum distribution of either lepton produced in the Drell-Yan (DY) process below and above a point where a variety of popular Z ′ models all have the same magnitude. For a given Z ′ mass the position of t... [Phys. Rev. D 96, 075019] Published Mon Oct 16, 2017
    Keywords: Beyond the standard model
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    Photon-initiated production of a dilepton final state at the LHC: Cross section versus forward-backward asymmetry studies (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-15
    Description: Author(s): Elena Accomando, Juri Fiaschi, Francesco Hautmann, Stefano Moretti, and Claire H. Shepherd-Themistocleous We explore the effects of photon induced (PI) production of a dilepton final state in the Large Hadron Collider environment. Using QED parton distribution function (PDF) sets we can treat the photons as real partons inside the protons and compare their yield directly to that of the Drell-Yan (DY) pr… [Phys. Rev. D 95, 035014] Published Tue Feb 14, 2017
    Keywords: Beyond the standard model
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 8
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    On Rainfall Modification by Major Urban Areas (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: This study represents one of the first published attempts to identify rainfall modification by urban areas using satellite-based rainfall measurements. Data from the first space-based rain-radar, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission's (TRMM) Precipitation Radar, are employed. Analysis of the data enables identification of rainfall patterns around Atlanta, Montgomery, Nashville, San Antonio, Waco, and Dallas during the warm season. Results reveal an average increase of -28% in monthly rainfall rates within 30-60 kilometers downwind of the metropolis with a modest increase of 5.6% over the metropolis. Portions of the downwind area exhibit increases as high as 51%. The percentage chances are relative to an upwind CONTROL area. It was also found that maximum rainfall rates in the downwind impact area can exceed the mean value in the upwind CONTROL area by 48%-116%. The maximum value was generally found at an average distance of 39 km from the edge of the urban center or 64 km from the center of the city. These results are consistent with METROMEX studies of St. Louis almost two decades ago and more recent studies near Atlanta. Future work will investi(yate hypothesized factors causing rainfall modification by urban areas. Additional work is also needed to provide more robust validation of space-based rain estimates near major urban areas. Such research has implications for urban planning, water resource management, and understanding human impact on the environment.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
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  • 9
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    Rainfall Morphology in Semi-Tropical Convergence Zones (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Central Florida is the ideal test laboratory for studying convergence zone-induced convection. The region regularly experiences sea breeze fronts and rainfall-induced outflow boundaries. The focus of this study is the common yet poorly-studied convergence zone established by the interaction of the sea breeze front and an outflow boundary. Previous studies have investigated mechanisms primarily affecting storm initiation by such convergence zones. Few have focused on rainfall morphology yet these storms contribute a significant amount precipitation to the annual rainfall budget. Low-level convergence and mid-tropospheric moisture have both been shown to correlate with rainfall amounts in Florida. Using 2D and 3D numerical simulations, the roles of low-level convergence and mid-tropospheric moisture in rainfall evolution are examined. The results indicate that time-averaged, vertical moisture flux (VMF) at the sea breeze front/outflow convergence zone is directly and linearly proportional to initial condensation rates. This proportionality establishes a similar relationship between VMF and initial rainfall. Vertical moisture flux, which encompasses depth and magnitude of convergence, is better correlated to initial rainfall production than surface moisture convergence. This extends early observational studies which linked rainfall in Florida to surface moisture convergence. The amount and distribution of mid-tropospheric moisture determines how rainfall associated with secondary cells develop. Rainfall amount and efficiency varied significantly over an observable range of relative humidities in the 850- 500 mb layer even though rainfall evolution was similar during the initial or "first-cell" period. Rainfall variability was attributed to drier mid-tropospheric environments inhibiting secondary cell development through entrainment effects. Observationally, 850-500 mb moisture structure exhibits wider variability than lower level moisture, which is virtually always present in Florida. A likely consequence of the variability in 850-500 moisture is a stronger statistical correlation to rainfall, which observational studies have noted. The study indicates that vertical moisture flux forcing at convergence zones is critical in determining rainfall in the initial stage of development but plays a decreasing role in rainfall evolution as the system matures. The mid-tropospheric moisture (e.g. environment) plays an increasing role in rainfall evolution as the system matures. This suggests the need to improve measurements of magnitude/depth of convergence and mid-tropospheric moisture distribution. It also highlights the need for better parameterization of entrainment and vertical moisture distribution in larger-scale models.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
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  • 10
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    Detection of Urban-Induced Rainfall Anomalies in Houston, Texas: A New Perspective from Space (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Urban heat islands (UHIs) are caused by the heat-retaining properties of surfaces usually found in urban cities like asphalt and concrete. The UHI can typically be observed on the evening TV weather map as warmer temperatures over the downtown of major cities and cooler temperatures in the suburbs and surrounding rural areas. The UHI has now become a widely acknowledged, observed, and researched phenomenon because of its broad environmental and societal implications. Interest in the UHI will intensify in the future as existing urban areas expand and rural areas urbanize. By the year 2025, more than 60% of the world's population will live in cities, with higher percentages expected in developed nations. The urban growth rate in the United States, for example, is estimated to be 12.5%, and the recent 2000 Census found that more than 80% of the population currently lives in urban areas. Furthermore, the U.S. population is not only growing but is tending to concentrate more in urban areas within the environmentally sensitive coastal zones. Urban growth creates unique and often contentious issues for policymakers related to land use zoning, transportation planning, agricultural production, housing and development, pollution, and natural resources protection. Urban expansion and its associated UHIs also have measurable impacts on weather and climate processes. The UHI has been documented to affect local and regional temperature, wind patterns, and air quality.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
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