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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Insect Physiology 33 (1987), S. 143-145+147-153 
    ISSN: 0022-1910
    Keywords: Parasitoid ; calyx fluid ; encapsulation ; haemocytes ; haemolymph ; plasmatocytes ; polydnavirus ; spreading in vitro
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 16 (1997), S. 513-519 
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; Pea transformation ; Cotyledonary meristem ; Bar gene ; Phosphinothricin resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The lateral cotyledonary meristems of germinatingPisum sativum cv. Puget seeds were used to develop a reproducibleAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system. This procedure exhibits distinct advantages over those previously reported, in that it uses dry seed as starting material, and the highly regenerable cotyledonary meristems rapidly produce transgenic shoots without an intermediate callus phase. This transformation regime facilitates the rapid generation of phenotypically normal, self-fertile plants containing functional transgenes inherited in a Mendelian fashion.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 16 (1997), S. 513-519 
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key wordsAgrobacterium tumefaciens ; Pea transformation ; Cotyledonary meristem ; Bar gene ; Phosphinothricin resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The lateral cotyledonary meristems of germinating Pisum sativum cv. Puget seeds were used to develop a reproducible Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated trans-formation system. This procedure exhibits distinct advantages over those previously reported, in that it uses dry seed as starting material, and the highly regenerable cotyledonary meristems rapidly produce transgenic shoots without an intermediate callus phase. This transformation regime facilitates the rapid generation of phenotypically normal, self-fertile plants containing functional transgenes inherited in a Mendelian fashion.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 55 (1990), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Parasitoid ; hemocytes ; inhibition of encapsulation ; Hymenoptera ; Lepidoptera hosts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'ichneumonide Campoletis sonorensis Carlson, endoparasitoïde larvaire, se développe dans de nombreuses espèces de Lépidoptères. Son statut de généraliste est dû, notamment, à son aptitude à déjouer les défenses immunitaires de ses hôtes, c.a.d. la formation d'une capsule d'hémocytes autour de l'oeuf ou de la larve parasite. Cependant, chez le noctuide Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, C. sonorensis est encapsulé dans 40% des larves qu'il parasite. Nous avons étudié la population hémocytaire de deux catégories de larves de S. frugiperda, celles qualifiées de ‘résistantes’ à C. sonorensis, et qui arrêtent son développement, et celles ‘susceptibles’ où le parasitoïde échappe à l'encapsulation. Cinq types d'hémocytes ont été identifiés: les prohémocytes (PR), les sphérulocytes (SP), les granulocytes (GR), les plasmatocytes (PL) et les oenocytoïdes (OE). Chez les hôtes susceptibles et résistants, le parasite provoque une baisse identique de la concentration totale des hémocytes dans l'hémolymphe (THC). Par contre, les PLs sont davantage affectés chez les hôtes susceptibles que chez ceux résistants au parasitoïde. Les résultats montrent que, chez les hôtes susceptibles, 1) le nombre des PLs dans l'hémolymphe est davantage diminué, et 2) leur aptitude d'adhérence in vitro est davantage inhibée. Il existe donc une corrélation positive entre le degré de pathologies qui affectent les PLs de l'hôte et l'incapacité de celui-ci à encapsuler le parasitoïde. Ceci tend à démontrer le rôle-clé des PLs dans la réaction immunitaire d'encapsulation chez S. frugiperda, comme chez de nombreux insectes. De plus, ce résultat renforce l'hypothèse selon laquelle C. sonorensis éviterait l'encapsulation en agissant sur les hémocytes de l'hôte, et plus particulièrement sur les PLs. Inversement aux PLs, les GRs sont moins abondants dans l'hémolymphe des hôtes qui encapsulent C. sonorensis. Les GRs pourraient donc participer à la formation de la capsule hémocytaire. Il est possible que plusieurs facteurs contribuent à protéger C. sonorensis de l'encapsulation. Néanmoins, les pathologies affectant les hémocytes des hôtes parasités sont probablement une manifestation majeure de l'effet immunosuppresseur du parasitoïde. Les effets de C. sonorensis sur les hémocytes des larves parasitées peuvent être reproduits chez des larves saines, en leur injectant de ‘venin’ extrait des glandes du calyx des femelles parasitoïdes. Ces sécrétions provenant de la glande du calyx, et normalement injectées dans l'hôte lors de l'oviposition, sont probablment responsable, au moins en partie, de l'effet immunosuppresseur du parasitoïde. Ces résultats peuvent être comparés à ceux obtenus chez l'hôte Heliothis virescens Fabricius (lépidoptère, noctuide) qui n'encapsule jamais C. sonorensis. Bien que le parasitoïde provoque les mêmes effets pathologiques sur les hémocytes des hôtes de S. frugiperda et d'H. virescens, on constate que l'effet apparait quelques heures après l'oviposition chez H. virescens, contre 48 heures post-oviposition chez S. frugiperda. Ce délai pourrait contribuer à la résistance immunitaire de certaines larves de S. frugiperda, ‘résistantes’, à C. sonorensis.
    Notes: Abstract The egg and larval stages of the generalist endoparasitoid Campoletis sonorensis Carlson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), which normally avoid the hemocytic reaction of many Lepidopteran host species, are encapsulated in 40% of Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. The effect of parasitism on inhibiting the spreading ability of S. frugiperda plasmatocytes in vitro is more pronounced in susceptible larvae which fail to encapsulate the parasitoid than in resistant ones permitting parasitoid development. This suggests that induction of plasmatocyte pathology is relevant to the successful evasion of encapsulation by the parasitoid. Some granular cells disappear from the hemolymph of the parasitized resistant larvae, which implicates their involvement in the encapsulation reaction. Calyx fluid of C. sonorensis injected into host larvae produced effects on host hemocytes identical to natural parasitism. Several mechanism may cooperate to protect the parasitoid from encapsulation. The pathological reactions by the host plasmatocytes is one main manifestation of the ‘immunosuppressive’ parasitoid effect. Results are discussed in regard to the known effects of C. sonorensis on Heliothis virescens Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larval hemocytes which are totally unable to respond with a successful cellular defense reaction.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of five synthetic pyrethroid insecticides in soil, moss and fish tissue. These pyrethroids were extracted with hexane-dichloromethane by ultrasonication and cleaned up on Florisil (soil and moss) and mixed acid/base alumina (fish) columns prior to determination by gas chromatography/negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode. All the pyrethroids were analyzed simultaneously in a single run on a DB5-MS 15 m capillary column. Recoveries of the pyrethroids from the three matrices at fortification levels of 10, 50 and 100 μg/kg ranged from 80 to 117%. Four determinations were made at each concentration level for each matrix. The practical determination limit of the method was in the range 0.5 to 5 μg/kg depending on the compound. This method was also applied to samples obtained from a contaminated ecosystem.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 8 (1981), S. 500-502 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dimethyl derivatives of clonidine and [2H4]clonidine give good chemical ionization mass spectra when ammonia is used as reagent gas. A gas chromatographic mass spectrometric selected ion monitoring assay for the estimation of clonidine in plasma and urine using ammonia chemical ionization is described.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A gas chromatographic/mass spectormetric assay has been developed for the simultaneous measurement of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-ƒ]quinoxaline (MeIQx) and 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-ƒ]quinoxaline (DiMeIQx) in fried beef. The method employs capillary column gas chromatography, electron capture negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry and a stable isotope labelled analogue of MeIQx as common internal standard. Two patties of lean minced beef which had been cooked separately were analysed and found to contain both compounds (patty 1:2.4 ng MeIQx g-1 meat, 1.2 ng DiMeIQx g-1 meat; patty 2: 1.3 ng MeIQx g-1 meat, 0.5 ng DiMeIQx g-1 meat). Neither compound was present in the meat prior to cooking.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 7 (1980), S. 183-183 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay for (N-dicyclopropylmethyl)amino-2-oxazoline in plasma with a detection limit of 0.1 ng ml-1 was required. Various fluoroaryl derivatives of this compound (code name S3341) were synthesized and their positive ion chemical ionization and electron capture negative ion chemical ionization mass spectra recorded. While fluorobenzyl derivatives of S3341 could be made by heating with the requisite benzyl bromide and diisopropylethylamine in acetonitrile, initial efforts to synthesize corresponding fluorobenzoyl derivatives using a benzoyl chloride in dry ethyl acetate at 60 °C were unsuccessful. Mass spectral data indicated that only a fragment of the oxazoline ring was retained in the reaction product and that an N-(2-chloroethyl)benzamide was formed. However, when diisopropylethylamine was included in the reaction mixture, a benzoyl derivative of the complete molecule was obtained. The mechanisms of these reactions are discussed. The negative ion mass spectrum of the 3,5-bistrifluoromethylbenzoyl derivative of S3341 has a base peak at m/z 420 (the molecular ion) and, when this ion is specifically monitored, an amount of derivative equivalent to 1 pg of S3341 can be detected. This allowed the development of an assay for S3341 in plasma with a precision of 9% (SD) at 0.2 ng ml-1 and a lower limit for quantitative determination of 0.1 ng ml-1.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32 (1986), S. 5691-5691 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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