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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 14 (1976), S. 617-622 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Ventricular fibrillation ; Ventricular defibrillation ; Vulnerable period
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire Ce mémoire décrit des expériences avec la création et la terminaison intracardiaques de fibrillation des ventricules (VF), l'objet final étant l'étude d'un dispositif de défibrillation implantable automatique. Les seuils de fibrillation et de défibrillation ont été identifiés par application d'énergies de choc électrique croissantes sur des chiens par l'intermédiaire d'électrodes internes. Une énergie VF1 maximum a été démontrée et définie comme étant le plus grand choc électrique qui puisse évoquer une fibrillation résoluble et non-lésionnelle qu'on appelle VF type 1 (VF1). Des énergies d'une grandeur bien plus importante ont produit une VF lésionnelle, donc non résoluble (soit VF11). Le seuil de défibrillation optimum est défini comme étant la plus petite énergie de choc qui ait terminé VF1 à chaque tentative. Les fortes énergies de défibrillation (16–40 J) dont on fait état ici et ailleurs sont dûes, en partie, à la résistivité relativement basse du compartiment sanguin qui tend à court-circuiter le choc électrique. En conclusion, une ‘fenêtre’ VF1 est tracée sur un schéma énergietemps, et on propose un seuil de réponse synchrone myocardiaque comme étant équivalent à l'énergie VF1 maximum et au seuil de défibrillation maximum.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit beschreibt Experimente mit Erzeugung und Abstellen von Ventrikelfaserbildung im Herzinneren. Das Ziel besteht letztlich darin, eine automatische, einpflanzbare Vorrichtung für die Entfaserung zu konstruieren. Es werden die Schwellen für Faserbildung und Entfaserung durch wachsende Elektroschockenergien an Hunden über interne Elektroden bestimmt. Eine maximale Energie von VF1 wurde dargestellt und wird als die höchste Elektroschockenergie bezeichnet, die eine auflösbare und keine Verletzungen herbeiführende Faserbildung, die man VF Typ 1 (VF1) nennt, herbeiführt. Energien einer viel höheren Grö\enordnung erzeugten eine verletztenden und daher unauflösliche VF (d.h. VF11). Die optimale Entfaserungsschwelle wird als die geringste Schockenergie bestimmt, die bei allen Versuchen VF1 beendigte. Die hohen Entfaserungsenergien (d.h. 16–40 J), von denen hier und anderswo berichtet wird, sind teilweise auf den relativ niedrigen spezifischen Widerstand der Blutzelle zurückzuführen, die dazu neigt, den Elektroschock kurzzuschließen. Also Schlußfolgerung ist ein VF1-‘Fenster’ auf einem Energie-Zeitdiagramm dargestellt, und es wird angeregt, daß eine myokardiale synchrone Reaktionschwelle sowohl der maximalen VF1-Energie und der optimalen Entfaserungsschwelle entspricht.
    Notes: Abstract The paper describes experimentation with the intracardiac production and termination of ventricular fibrillation, the ultimate goal being the design of an automatic implantable defibrillation device. Fibrillation and defibrillation thresholds were identified by means of increasing electrical-shock energies on dogs via internal electrodes. A maximum energy, called VF type I (VF1), has been demonstrated and is defined as the highest electrical-shock energy which can evoke a resolvable and non-lesional fibrillation. Energies of a much higher order of magnitude produced a lesional and therefore unresolvable type of ventricular fibrillation (VF11). The optimal defibrillation threshold is identified as the smallest shock energy which terminated VF1 on all attempts. The high defibrillation energies (i.e 16–40 J) reported here and elsewhere are due, in part, to the relatively low resistivity of the blood compartment, which tends to short-circuit the electrical shock. In conclusion, a VF1 window is mapped-out on an energy-time diagram, and a myocardial synchronous response threshold is proposed as being equivalent to both the maximum VF1 energy and the optimal defibrillation threshold.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The detection of x-ray and radio emission from the recently discovered transient source X-ray Nova Scorpii 1994 (GRO J1655 - 40), is reported.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: NASA-TM-111279 , NAS 1.15:111279
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The eclipsing binary X-ray source 4U 1700-37 has been continually monitored by the BATSE experiment on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory since the spring of 1991. Using source measurements at times of Earth occultation, we observe an average (uneclipsed) flux of 0.23 crab in the 20-120 keV band. The flux is highly variable, with occasional flaring behavior on timescales from hundreds of seconds to several hours and intensities as bright as 1 crab. The uneclipsed spectrum is well represented by an optically thin thermal bremsstrahlung model with a temperature of 25 keV independent of source intensity or orbital phase. An upper limit of 4% on the pulse fraction has been obtained for pulse periods between 2 and 700 s. Average orbital light curves from almost 1000 days of occultation measurements have been constructed. These profiles are used to measure: (1) the eclipse semiangle, Theta(sub E) = 28.6 deg +/- 2.1 deg in the 20-120 keV band, and (2) the decrease in orbital period, P(dot)/P = -(3.3 +/- 0.6) x 10(exp -7) 1/ yr. Estimates of system physical parameters are obtained using Monte Carlo simulations to propagate errors in measured and assumed parameters. For the X-ray source mass we find M(sub x) = 2.6(sub -1.4)(sup +2.3) solar mass, and for the mass and radius of the optical companion, M(sub 0) = 30(sub -7)(sup +11) solar mass and R(sub 0) = 18(sub -2)(sup +2) solar radius.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: NASA-TM-112507 , NAS 1.15:112507 , The Astrophysical Journal; 459; 259-270
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The non-collimated detectors of BATSE (Burst And Transient Source Experiment) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) can be used as a high sensitivity hard X-ray and low energy gamma-ray all-sky imager in the energy range between 20 keV and 2 MeV. The fluxes from sources in the sky are modulated as the spacecraft orbits the Earth. The CGRO orbital precession further allows sampling of sky in strips corresponding to the limb of the earth at any given time. The modulation data are transformed into images by various reconstruction methods. High sensitivity images of location accuracy of about 0.1 deg and source seperation of about 1 deg are obtained.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: NASA-CR-204027 , NAS 1.26:204027 , IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (ISSN 0018-9499); 41; 4; 1313-1320
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The high-mass X-ray pulsar 4U 153 8-52 has been continually monitored by the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory. These observations permit the construction of long-term pulse frequency and intensity histories. The frequency history reveals that a reversal of the long-term trend in the accretion torque, from spinning down to spinning up, has occurred, probably in 1988. This is the first time a long-term change is known to have occurred for this source, The magnitude of the average absolute value of (dot-nu / nu) is approximately 10(exp -11)/s over an interval of approximately 5 year is similar during spin-down and spin-up. Shorter term pulse frequency variations of either sign are also observed. The power density spectrum of fluctuations in angular acceleration is consistent with white noise on timescales from 16 to 1600 days. It can be well fit with a power law with a power-law index of 0.10 plus or minus 0.21 and white noise strength of (7.6 +/- 1.6) x 10(exp -21) (Hz/s(exp 2)/Hz). These observations are also used to set 95% confidence level lower and upper limits on the rate of orbital period change, -3.9〈 dot-P orb /P orb 〈2. 1, in units of 10(exp -6) yr(exp -1).
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 488; 413-418
    Format: text
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