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  • vertical distribution  (3)
  • Antarctic pond  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical characteristics of pond waters in the Labyrinth of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 172 (1989), S. 255-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Antarctic pond ; Labyrinth ; chemical element ; stable isotopic ratio ; water source ; salt origin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A large number of fresh water and saline ponds are located in the Labyrinth (77° 33′ S, 160° 50′ E) of the upper Wright Valley in the Dry Valleys region of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. It is situated near the terminus of the Wright Upper Glacier between 800–1000 m above sea level. From a limnological point of view, the most interesting problems concerning these saline ponds are the origin of their salts and their evolutional history. Chloride ion contents vary remarkably among the ponds ranging from 0.0049 to 52.4 g kg−1. Surprisingly, more than a half of the ponds are saline with the highest chloride ion content being 2.7 times greater than that of seawater. The δD and δ18O values of the pond waters indicate a snow and/or glacial meltwaters origin, and that the ponds underwent subsequent alteration due to evaporation or freezing. The composition of chemical components reveal no evidence of trapped seawater. Thus the salt concentrations in the Labyrinth pond waters must be explained principally by the accumulation of atmospheric salts and subsequent repeated cycles of evaporation and freezing of the pond waters over considerable time periods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00031626
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertical distribution of organic constituents in an Antarctic lake: Lake Vanda (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 111 (1984), S. 119-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: vertical distribution ; organic constituents ; organic carbons ; fatty acids ; sterols ; Antarctic lake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Vertical distribution of organic constituents, i.e. total organic carbon (TOC), extractable organic carbon with ethyl acetate (EOC), hydrocarbons, phytol, sterols, fatty acids and phenolic acids in Lake Vanda was studied to elucidate their features in relation to the stratification of lake water and the distribution of lake organisms. The concentrations of TOC, EOC and sterols increased with depth and attained the maximum values of 25 and 1.5 mgC l−1 and 1.4 μg l−1 in the bottom, respectively, while those of fatty acids showed the maximum value of 61 μg l−1 at a depth of 55.4 m, along with the highest value of the ratio of unsaturated (UC16, uC18) to saturated (C16, C18) acids (8.5) and with the highest carbon preference index (35). Hydrocarbons were only found in the bottom layers (60.4 and 65.9 m) and bottom sediment. These results suggest strongly that the vertical distribution of lake organisms and their activity are quite different due to depth. In the bottom warm anoxic layers the degradation of organic materials must have occurred significantly and thus refractory organic materials should be concentrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008624
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertical distribution in and isolation of bacteria from Lake Vanda: an Antarctic lake (1986)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 135 (1986), S. 15-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: vertical distribution ; total bacterial number ; bacterial biomass ; Caulobacter ; phototrophic bacteria ; Antarctic lake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Vertical distribution of bacteria in Lake Vanda, an Antarctic meromictic lake, was examined by the acridine orange epifluorescence direct count method. Total bacteria were 104–105 cells · ml−1 in the water at 55 m depth and above, and increased drastically to 107 cells · ml−1 in the bottom water. Filamentous or long rodshaped bacteria occurred at a high frequency in the upper layers, but in the bottom layers most bacteria were coccoidal or short rods. Mean bacterial cell volume in water of between 10 m and 60 m deep was fairly large compared with common bacterial populations in seawater and lake water. Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were recovered from the water of a depth of 30 m and above, and were assumed to belong to Caulobacter. Viable heterotrophic bacteria were not recovered from the high salinity deep water by media prepared with the same deep water. Phototrophic purple non-sulphur bacteria were isolated by enrichment cultures from water at 55 m depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006454
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertical distribution of organic constituents in an Antarctic lake: Lake Fryxell (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 172 (1989), S. 291-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Antarctic lake ; Lake Fryxell ; vertical distribution ; water ; sediment ; organic constituents ; total organic carbon ; hydrocarbon ; fatty acid ; hydroxy acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Vertical distribution of organic constituents, i.e. total organic carbon (TOC), hydrocarbons, fatty acids and hydroxy acids in water and sediment samples from Lake Fryxell (77° 35′ S, 163° 15′ E) of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica were studied to elucidate their features in relation to stratification of the lake waters and likely distribution of microorganisms. The TOC content of the surface water (5.0 m; just below the ice cover of 4.50 m thickness) was 1.4 mg l−1. It increased markedly with depth and attained a maximum value of 21.7 mg C l−1 at a depth of 17.5 m, but decreased to the bottom (13.3 mg C l−1). The high TOC content of the anoxic bottom layers (〉 15 m) is attributable to the concentration of refractory organic substances over long periods following the degradation of labile organic constituents. Hydrocarbons were not found in the water column, but the major constituent of the bottom sediment was n-C29 : 2 alkene. Total concentrations of fatty acids in the oxic layers (⩽ 10 m) were highest at 10.0 m and much higher than those in the anoxic layers (〉 10 m), probably reflecting the phytoplankton population. The content of branched (iso and anteiso) fatty acids and 3-hydroxy acids in the anoxic layers were much greater than those in the oxic layers which would seem to reflect the distribution of bacterial abundance. The differences of organic composition between the water column and sediments imply that sinking dead organisms were quickly degraded in the lake bottom. Also, the composition of microorganisms in the water column must be very different from that in the sediments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00031628
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