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  • 1
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    The Physcomitrella genome reveals evolutionary insights into the conquest of land by plants (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007
    Description: We report the draft genome sequence of the model moss Physcomitrella patens and compare its features with those of flowering plants, from which it is separated by more than 400 million years, and unicellular aquatic algae. This comparison reveals genomic changes concomitant with the evolutionary movement to land, including a general increase in gene family complexity; loss of genes associated with aquatic environments (e.g., flagellar arms); acquisition of genes for tolerating terrestrial stresses (e.g., variation in temperature and water availability); and the development of the auxin and abscisic acid signaling pathways for coordinating multicellular growth and dehydration response. The Physcomitrella genome provides a resource for phylogenetic inferences about gene function and for experimental analysis of plant processes through this plant's unique facility for reverse genetics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rensing, Stefan A -- Lang, Daniel -- Zimmer, Andreas D -- Terry, Astrid -- Salamov, Asaf -- Shapiro, Harris -- Nishiyama, Tomoaki -- Perroud, Pierre-Francois -- Lindquist, Erika A -- Kamisugi, Yasuko -- Tanahashi, Takako -- Sakakibara, Keiko -- Fujita, Tomomichi -- Oishi, Kazuko -- Shin-I, Tadasu -- Kuroki, Yoko -- Toyoda, Atsushi -- Suzuki, Yutaka -- Hashimoto, Shin-Ichi -- Yamaguchi, Kazuo -- Sugano, Sumio -- Kohara, Yuji -- Fujiyama, Asao -- Anterola, Aldwin -- Aoki, Setsuyuki -- Ashton, Neil -- Barbazuk, W Brad -- Barker, Elizabeth -- Bennetzen, Jeffrey L -- Blankenship, Robert -- Cho, Sung Hyun -- Dutcher, Susan K -- Estelle, Mark -- Fawcett, Jeffrey A -- Gundlach, Heidrun -- Hanada, Kousuke -- Heyl, Alexander -- Hicks, Karen A -- Hughes, Jon -- Lohr, Martin -- Mayer, Klaus -- Melkozernov, Alexander -- Murata, Takashi -- Nelson, David R -- Pils, Birgit -- Prigge, Michael -- Reiss, Bernd -- Renner, Tanya -- Rombauts, Stephane -- Rushton, Paul J -- Sanderfoot, Anton -- Schween, Gabriele -- Shiu, Shin-Han -- Stueber, Kurt -- Theodoulou, Frederica L -- Tu, Hank -- Van de Peer, Yves -- Verrier, Paul J -- Waters, Elizabeth -- Wood, Andrew -- Yang, Lixing -- Cove, David -- Cuming, Andrew C -- Hasebe, Mitsuyasu -- Lucas, Susan -- Mishler, Brent D -- Reski, Ralf -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Quatrano, Ralph S -- Boore, Jeffrey L -- BBS/E/C/00004948/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 4;319(5859):64-9. Epub 2007 Dec 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Angiosperms/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Arabidopsis/genetics/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Bryopsida/*genetics/physiology ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/genetics/physiology ; Computational Biology ; DNA Repair ; Dehydration ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Plant ; *Genome, Plant ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Multigene Family ; Oryza/genetics/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroelements ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Signal Transduction/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Wapl is an essential regulator of chromatin structure and chromosome segregation (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-27
    Description: Mammalian genomes contain several billion base pairs of DNA that are packaged in chromatin fibres. At selected gene loci, cohesin complexes have been proposed to arrange these fibres into higher-order structures, but how important this function is for determining overall chromosome architecture and how the process is regulated are not well understood. Using conditional mutagenesis in the mouse, here we show that depletion of the cohesin-associated protein Wapl stably locks cohesin on DNA, leads to clustering of cohesin in axial structures, and causes chromatin condensation in interphase chromosomes. These findings reveal that the stability of cohesin-DNA interactions is an important determinant of chromatin structure, and indicate that cohesin has an architectural role in interphase chromosome territories. Furthermore, we show that regulation of cohesin-DNA interactions by Wapl is important for embryonic development, expression of genes such as c-myc (also known as Myc), and cell cycle progression. In mitosis, Wapl-mediated release of cohesin from DNA is essential for proper chromosome segregation and protects cohesin from cleavage by the protease separase, thus enabling mitotic exit in the presence of functional cohesin complexes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tedeschi, Antonio -- Wutz, Gordana -- Huet, Sebastien -- Jaritz, Markus -- Wuensche, Annelie -- Schirghuber, Erika -- Davidson, Iain Finley -- Tang, Wen -- Cisneros, David A -- Bhaskara, Venugopal -- Nishiyama, Tomoko -- Vaziri, Alipasha -- Wutz, Anton -- Ellenberg, Jan -- Peters, Jan-Michael -- England -- Nature. 2013 Sep 26;501(7468):564-8. doi: 10.1038/nature12471. Epub 2013 Aug 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23975099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle/genetics ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Chromatids/genetics/metabolism ; Chromatin/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; *Chromosome Segregation/genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; DNA/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Embryonic Development/genetics ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation/genetics ; Genes, myc/genetics ; Interphase ; Mice ; Mitosis ; Prophase ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Separase
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of asymmetric cyclopropyl acids and aminesDedicated in honor of Professor Manecke in honor of his 65th birthday. (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 311-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (+) (S)- and (-) (R)-trans-1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acids (C3A), (+) (S)- and (-) (R)-trans-1,2-diaminocyclopropanes (C3B), (+) (S)- and (-) (R)-trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamines (øC3B), (+) (S)- and (-) (R)-trans-1,2-bis(methylamino)-cyclopropanes (C3MB), and (+) (S)- and (-) (R)-trans-(2-phenylcyclopropyl)-methylamines (øC3MB) were prepared.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.170190209
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and optical properties of asymmetric polyamides derived from cyclopropyl diacids and diamines (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 331-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polyamides were prepared from the dicarbonyl chloride of (+) (S)- or (-)(R)-trans-1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid (C3A) with either the dihydrochloride salt of (+)(S)- or (-)(R)-trans-1,2-diaminocyclopropane (C3B) or the dihydrobromide salt of (+)(S)- or (-)(R)-trans-1,2-bis(methylamino)cyclopropane (C3MB) by interfacial polycondensation. Several diamide model compounds composed of these monomers were also synthesized. The polyamides [poly(C3A-C3B)] derived from C3A and C3B have the capability of hydrogen bonding, while the polyamides [poly-(C3A-C3MB)] derived from C3A and C3MB do not. Poly(C3A-C3B) were insoluble in common organic solvents except strong acids. Poly(C3A-C3MB) were soluble in common organic solvents. Poly(C3A-C3B) had melting points higher than 300°C. Poly(C3A-C3MB) melted at 180-235°C. The ORD and CD study has shown that poly(+)C3A(+)C3B in methane sulfonic acid (MSA), 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) (5 v % MSA), and tetramethylenesulfone (TMS) (5 v % MSA) exhibits a very strong Cotton effect or CD peak at 212-218 mμ, attributable to a component of the split π-π* transition of the amide chromophores. Poly(+)C3A(+)C3MB in MSA and TFE (5 v % MSA) shows a strong Cotton effect or CD peak at 217-223 mμ and an intermediate Cotton effect or CD trough at 202-204 mμ as well as an intermediate Cotton effect or CD trough at 220-222 mμ and an intermediate Cotton effect or CD peak at 202-204 mμ in TFE and TMS. These peaks and troughs may be assigned to splitting of the π-π* transition. The CD spectra of poly(+)C3A(+)C3MB in nonacidic media are quite different from those in acidic media: they are almost mirror images. The CD spectra in this transition induced by MSA suggests that a transition from a compact helix to another more extended helix with opposite handedness occurs similar to poly-L-proline I ⇄ II. This transition may be explained by electrostatic repulsion between protonated amide groups. Viscosity data have shown that the conformation is changed to a highly extended from in acidic media. The polyamides and diamides derived from enantiomers exhibit mirror image spectra. Poly(+)C3A(+)C3B and poly(+)C3A(+)C3MB in every solvent studied exhibit a marked enhancement of the rotatory strength of ORD and CD with respect to the corresponding diamide models.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.170190210
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMR studies and conformations of asymmetric polyamides derived from cyclopropyl diacids and diamines (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 349-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and optical properties of the polyamides [poly(C3A·C3B) and poly(C3A-C3MB)] derived from asymmetric trans-1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acids (C3A), asymmetric trans-1,2-diaminocyclopropanes (C3B), and asymmetric trans-1,2-bis(methylamino) cyclopropanes (C3MB) were reported in the preceding article. This paper describes the NMR studies and conformations of the polyamides. The NMR studies of the polyamides and their diamide models have suggested that the polyamides have about a 90° torsional angle for NH (or CH3) CH. This angle seems to be reasonable because of less steric interaction, especially for poly(+)C3A(+)C3MB. The N—CH3 of the poly(+)C3A(+)C3MB in sulfuric acid-d2 (D2SO4) is a singlet and is tentatively assigned to trans to the carbonyl oxygen of the amide group. In 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol-d3 (TFE-d3) and chloroform-d (CDCl3) it is also a singlet and is tentatively assigned to cis. The overall results obtained suggest that poly(+)C3A(+)C3MB exists in a compact helical conformation in TFE and TMS, while some conformational transition to a highly extended helical form with opposite handedness is induced by the addition of MSA. Likewise, poly(+)C3A(+)C3B must exist in some ordered conformation in the solvents studied. Possible ordered conformations of the polyamides have been proposed based on the experimental results and some assumptions.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.170190211
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