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  • 11
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    Nonlinear dendritic integration of sensory and motor input during an active sensing task (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-13
    Description: Active dendrites provide neurons with powerful processing capabilities. However, little is known about the role of neuronal dendrites in behaviourally related circuit computations. Here we report that a novel global dendritic nonlinearity is involved in the integration of sensory and motor information within layer 5 pyramidal neurons during an active sensing behaviour. Layer 5 pyramidal neurons possess elaborate dendritic arborizations that receive functionally distinct inputs, each targeted to spatially separate regions. At the cellular level, coincident input from these segregated pathways initiates regenerative dendritic electrical events that produce bursts of action potential output and circuits featuring this powerful dendritic nonlinearity can implement computations based on input correlation. To examine this in vivo we recorded dendritic activity in layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the barrel cortex using two-photon calcium imaging in mice performing an object-localization task. Large-amplitude, global calcium signals were observed throughout the apical tuft dendrites when active touch occurred at particular object locations or whisker angles. Such global calcium signals are produced by dendritic plateau potentials that require both vibrissal sensory input and primary motor cortex activity. These data provide direct evidence of nonlinear dendritic processing of correlated sensory and motor information in the mammalian neocortex during active sensation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Ning-long -- Harnett, Mark T -- Williams, Stephen R -- Huber, Daniel -- O'Connor, Daniel H -- Svoboda, Karel -- Magee, Jeffrey C -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Dec 13;492(7428):247-51. doi: 10.1038/nature11601. Epub 2012 Nov 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23143335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dendrites/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motor Activity/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology ; Sensation/*physiology ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Contrasting roles of histone 3 lysine 27 demethylases in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-19
    Description: T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) is a haematological malignancy with a dismal overall prognosis, including a relapse rate of up to 25%, mainly because of the lack of non-cytotoxic targeted therapy options. Drugs that target the function of key epigenetic factors have been approved in the context of haematopoietic disorders, and mutations that affect chromatin modulators in a variety of leukaemias have recently been identified; however, 'epigenetic' drugs are not currently used for T-ALL treatment. Recently, we described that the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) has a tumour-suppressor role in T-ALL. Here we delineated the role of the histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylases JMJD3 and UTX in T-ALL. We show that JMJD3 is essential for the initiation and maintenance of T-ALL, as it controls important oncogenic gene targets by modulating H3K27 methylation. By contrast, we found that UTX functions as a tumour suppressor and is frequently genetically inactivated in T-ALL. Moreover, we demonstrated that the small molecule inhibitor GSKJ4 (ref. 5) affects T-ALL growth, by targeting JMJD3 activity. These findings show that two proteins with a similar enzymatic function can have opposing roles in the context of the same disease, paving the way for treating haematopoietic malignancies with a new category of epigenetic inhibitors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4209203/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4209203/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ntziachristos, Panagiotis -- Tsirigos, Aristotelis -- Welstead, G Grant -- Trimarchi, Thomas -- Bakogianni, Sofia -- Xu, Luyao -- Loizou, Evangelia -- Holmfeldt, Linda -- Strikoudis, Alexandros -- King, Bryan -- Mullenders, Jasper -- Becksfort, Jared -- Nedjic, Jelena -- Paietta, Elisabeth -- Tallman, Martin S -- Rowe, Jacob M -- Tonon, Giovanni -- Satoh, Takashi -- Kruidenier, Laurens -- Prinjha, Rab -- Akira, Shizuo -- Van Vlierberghe, Pieter -- Ferrando, Adolfo A -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- Mullighan, Charles G -- Aifantis, Iannis -- 1R01CA105129/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 1R01CA133379/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 1R01CA149655/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5 T32 CA009161-37/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5P30CA16087-31/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5R01CA169784/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5R01CA173636/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K99 CA188293/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K99CA188293/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016087/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016087-30/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA021765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA105129/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA133379/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA149655/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA173636/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA120196/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD045022/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37-HD04502/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U10 CA180820/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U10 CA180827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U10 CA21115/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA114737/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Oct 23;514(7523):513-7. doi: 10.1038/nature13605. Epub 2014 Aug 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA [2] NYU Cancer Institute and Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA [3]. ; 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA [2] Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA [3]. ; 1] Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA [3]. ; 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA [2] NYU Cancer Institute and Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA. ; Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA. ; Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA. ; Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA. ; Montefiore Medical Center North, Bronx, New York, New York 10467, USA. ; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ; 1] Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel [2] Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel. ; Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Molecular Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy. ; 1] Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan [2] Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, 3-1Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. ; Epinova DPU, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, GunnelsWood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK. ; 1] Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA [2] Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. ; 1] Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA [2] Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA [3] Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA. ; 1] Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25132549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzazepines/pharmacology ; Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects ; Histone Demethylases/genetics/*metabolism ; Histones/chemistry/metabolism ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/antagonists & ; inhibitors/*metabolism ; Lysine/metabolism ; Methylation/drug effects ; Mice ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug ; therapy/*enzymology/genetics/pathology ; Pyrimidines/pharmacology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 13
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    NLRP10 is a NOD-like receptor essential to initiate adaptive immunity by dendritic cells (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-04-28
    Description: NLRs (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich-repeat-containing receptors; NOD-like receptors) are a class of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that respond to host perturbation from either infectious agents or cellular stress. The function of most NLR family members has not been characterized and their role in instructing adaptive immune responses remains unclear. NLRP10 (also known as PYNOD, NALP10, PAN5 and NOD8) is the only NLR lacking the putative ligand-binding leucine-rich-repeat domain, and has been postulated to be a negative regulator of other NLR members, including NLRP3 (refs 4-6). We did not find evidence that NLRP10 functions through an inflammasome to regulate caspase-1 activity nor that it regulates other inflammasomes. Instead, Nlrp10(-/-) mice had a profound defect in helper T-cell-driven immune responses to a diverse array of adjuvants, including lipopolysaccharide, aluminium hydroxide and complete Freund's adjuvant. Adaptive immunity was impaired in the absence of NLRP10 because of a dendritic cell (DC) intrinsic defect in emigration from inflamed tissues, whereas upregulation of DC costimulatory molecules and chemotaxis to CCR7-dependent and -independent ligands remained intact. The loss of antigen transport to the draining lymph nodes by a subset of migratory DCs resulted in an almost absolute loss in naive CD4(+) T-cell priming, highlighting the critical link between diverse innate immune stimulation, NLRP10 activity and the immune function of mature DCs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3340615/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3340615/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eisenbarth, Stephanie C -- Williams, Adam -- Colegio, Oscar R -- Meng, Hailong -- Strowig, Till -- Rongvaux, Anthony -- Henao-Mejia, Jorge -- Thaiss, Christoph A -- Joly, Sophie -- Gonzalez, David G -- Xu, Lan -- Zenewicz, Lauren A -- Haberman, Ann M -- Elinav, Eran -- Kleinstein, Steven H -- Sutterwala, Fayyaz S -- Flavell, Richard A -- 1 P50 CA121974/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5KL2RR024138/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- K08 AI085038/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K08 AI085038-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K08AI085038/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30AR053495/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI087630/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI087630/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32HL007974/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024139/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Apr 25;484(7395):510-3. doi: 10.1038/nature11012.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22538615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptive Immunity/*immunology ; Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Animals ; Antigens/immunology ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/deficiency/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Caspase 1 ; Cell Movement ; Chemokines/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/cytology/*immunology/metabolism ; Gene Deletion ; Inflammasomes ; Ligands ; Lymph Nodes/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology ; Vaccines/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    The role of Tet3 DNA dioxygenase in epigenetic reprogramming by oocytes (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-09-06
    Description: Sperm and eggs carry distinctive epigenetic modifications that are adjusted by reprogramming after fertilization. The paternal genome in a zygote undergoes active DNA demethylation before the first mitosis. The biological significance and mechanisms of this paternal epigenome remodelling have remained unclear. Here we report that, within mouse zygotes, oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) occurs on the paternal genome, changing 5mC into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Furthermore, we demonstrate that the dioxygenase Tet3 (ref. 5) is enriched specifically in the male pronucleus. In Tet3-deficient zygotes from conditional knockout mice, paternal-genome conversion of 5mC into 5hmC fails to occur and the level of 5mC remains constant. Deficiency of Tet3 also impedes the demethylation process of the paternal Oct4 and Nanog genes and delays the subsequent activation of a paternally derived Oct4 transgene in early embryos. Female mice depleted of Tet3 in the germ line show severely reduced fecundity and their heterozygous mutant offspring lacking maternal Tet3 suffer an increased incidence of developmental failure. Oocytes lacking Tet3 also seem to have a reduced ability to reprogram the injected nuclei from somatic cells. Therefore, Tet3-mediated DNA hydroxylation is involved in epigenetic reprogramming of the zygotic paternal DNA following natural fertilization and may also contribute to somatic cell nuclear reprogramming during animal cloning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gu, Tian-Peng -- Guo, Fan -- Yang, Hui -- Wu, Hai-Ping -- Xu, Gui-Fang -- Liu, Wei -- Xie, Zhi-Guo -- Shi, Linyu -- He, Xinyi -- Jin, Seung-gi -- Iqbal, Khursheed -- Shi, Yujiang Geno -- Deng, Zixin -- Szabo, Piroska E -- Pfeifer, Gerd P -- Li, Jinsong -- Xu, Guo-Liang -- GM078458/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Sep 4;477(7366):606-10. doi: 10.1038/nature10443.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Group of DNA Metabolism, The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21892189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5-Methylcytosine/metabolism ; Alleles ; Animals ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; Cytosine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; DNA/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; DNA Methylation/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Dioxygenases/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryo, Mammalian/embryology/metabolism ; Embryonic Development ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Fertility/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Germ Cells/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics ; Oocytes/cytology/*enzymology/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Zygote/cytology/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Activity in motor-sensory projections reveals distributed coding in somatosensation (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-08-28
    Description: Cortical-feedback projections to primary sensory areas terminate most heavily in layer 1 (L1) of the neocortex, where they make synapses with tuft dendrites of pyramidal neurons. L1 input is thought to provide 'contextual' information, but the signals transmitted by L1 feedback remain uncharacterized. In the rodent somatosensory system, the spatially diffuse feedback projection from vibrissal motor cortex (vM1) to vibrissal somatosensory cortex (vS1, also known as the barrel cortex) may allow whisker touch to be interpreted in the context of whisker position to compute object location. When mice palpate objects with their whiskers to localize object features, whisker touch excites vS1 and later vM1 in a somatotopic manner. Here we use axonal calcium imaging to track activity in vM1--〉vS1 afferents in L1 of the barrel cortex while mice performed whisker-dependent object localization. Spatially intermingled individual axons represent whisker movements, touch and other behavioural features. In a subpopulation of axons, activity depends on object location and persists for seconds after touch. Neurons in the barrel cortex thus have information to integrate movements and touches of multiple whiskers over time, key components of object identification and navigation by active touch.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3443316/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3443316/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petreanu, Leopoldo -- Gutnisky, Diego A -- Huber, Daniel -- Xu, Ning-long -- O'Connor, Dan H -- Tian, Lin -- Looger, Loren -- Svoboda, Karel -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Sep 13;489(7415):299-303. doi: 10.1038/nature11321.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22922646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Feedback, Physiological ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motor Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Motor Neurons/metabolism ; Movement/physiology ; *Neural Pathways ; Physical Stimulation ; Somatosensory Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Touch/*physiology ; Vibrissae/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    A panoramic code for sound location by cortical neurons (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1994-05-06
    Description: By conventional spike count measures, auditory neurons in the cat's anterior ectosylvian sulcus cortical area are broadly tuned for the location of a sound source. Nevertheless, an artificial neural network was trained to classify the temporal spike patterns of single neurons according to sound location. The spike patterns of 73 percent of single neurons coded sound location with more than twice the chance level of accuracy, and spike patterns consistently carried more information than spike counts alone. In contrast to neurons that are sharply tuned for location, these neurons appear to encode sound locations throughout 360 degrees of azimuth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Middlebrooks, J C -- Clock, A E -- Xu, L -- Green, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 May 6;264(5160):842-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida Brain Institute, Gainesville 32610-0244.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8171339" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Action Potentials ; Animals ; Auditory Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Cats ; Likelihood Functions ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Neurons/*physiology ; Sound Localization/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 17
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    Preserved CD4+ central memory T cells and survival in vaccinated SIV-challenged monkeys (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-06-10
    Description: Vaccine-induced cellular immunity controls virus replication in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected monkeys only transiently, leading to the question of whether such vaccines for AIDS will be effective. We immunized monkeys with plasmid DNA and replication-defective adenoviral vectors encoding SIV proteins and then challenged them with pathogenic SIV. Although these monkeys demonstrated a reduction in viremia restricted to the early phase of SIV infection, they showed a prolonged survival. This survival was associated with preserved central memory CD4+ T lymphocytes and could be predicted by the magnitude of the vaccine-induced cellular immune response. These immune correlates of vaccine efficacy should guide the evaluation of AIDS vaccines in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2365913/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2365913/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Letvin, Norman L -- Mascola, John R -- Sun, Yue -- Gorgone, Darci A -- Buzby, Adam P -- Xu, Ling -- Yang, Zhi-Yong -- Chakrabarti, Bimal -- Rao, Srinivas S -- Schmitz, Jorn E -- Montefiori, David C -- Barker, Brianne R -- Bookstein, Fred L -- Nabel, Gary J -- Z99 AI999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 9;312(5779):1530-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. nletvin@bidmc.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16763152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Humans ; *Immunologic Memory ; Macaca mulatta ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmids ; SAIDS Vaccines/*immunology ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/prevention & control ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*immunology ; Survival Analysis ; Vaccines, DNA/*immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Immunization by avian H5 influenza hemagglutinin mutants with altered receptor binding specificity (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-08-11
    Description: Influenza virus entry is mediated by the receptor binding domain (RBD) of its spike, the hemagglutinin (HA). Adaptation of avian viruses to humans is associated with HA specificity for alpha2,6- rather than alpha2,3-linked sialic acid (SA) receptors. Here, we define mutations in influenza A subtype H5N1 (avian) HA that alter its specificity for SA either by decreasing alpha2,3- or increasing alpha2,6-SA recognition. RBD mutants were used to develop vaccines and monoclonal antibodies that neutralized new variants. Structure-based modification of HA specificity can guide the development of preemptive vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies that can be evaluated before the emergence of human-adapted H5N1 strains.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2367145/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2367145/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Zhi-Yong -- Wei, Chih-Jen -- Kong, Wing-Pui -- Wu, Lan -- Xu, Ling -- Smith, David F -- Nabel, Gary J -- Z99 AI999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 10;317(5839):825-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, Mailstop Code MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Cell Line ; Female ; Genes, Viral ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/*genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Influenza Vaccines/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neutralization Tests ; Receptors, Virus/*metabolism ; Sialic Acids/*metabolism ; Vaccination
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 19
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    Evolutionary development of the middle ear in Mesozoic therian mammals (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-10
    Description: The definitive mammalian middle ear (DMME) is defined by the loss of embryonic Meckel's cartilage and disconnection of the middle ear from the mandible in adults. It is a major feature distinguishing living mammals from nonmammalian vertebrates. We report a Cretaceous trechnotherian mammal with an ossified Meckel's cartilage in the adult, showing that homoplastic evolution of the DMME occurred in derived therian mammals, besides the known cases of eutriconodonts. The mandible with ossified Meckel's cartilage appears to be paedomorphic. Reabsorption of embryonic Meckel's cartilage to disconnect the ear ossicles from the mandible is patterned by a network of genes and signaling pathways. This fossil suggests that developmental heterochrony and gene patterning are major mechanisms in homplastic evolution of the DMME.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ji, Qiang -- Luo, Zhe-Xi -- Zhang, Xingliao -- Yuan, Chong-Xi -- Xu, Li -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 9;326(5950):278-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1178501.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19815774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cartilage/embryology/physiology ; Chondrogenesis ; Dentition ; Ear Ossicles/anatomy & histology/embryology ; *Ear, Middle/anatomy & histology/embryology ; Embryo, Mammalian/anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/classification/embryology/genetics ; Mandible/anatomy & histology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; *Osteogenesis ; Phylogeny ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 20
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    Discovery of swine as a host for the Reston ebolavirus (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-11
    Description: Since the discovery of the Marburg and Ebola species of filovirus, seemingly random, sporadic fatal outbreaks of disease in humans and nonhuman primates have given impetus to identification of host tropisms and potential reservoirs. Domestic swine in the Philippines, experiencing unusually severe outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratory disease syndrome, have now been discovered to host Reston ebolavirus (REBOV). Although REBOV is the only member of Filoviridae that has not been associated with disease in humans, its emergence in the human food chain is of concern. REBOV isolates were found to be more divergent from each other than from the original virus isolated in 1989, indicating polyphyletic origins and that REBOV has been circulating since, and possibly before, the initial discovery of REBOV in monkeys.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barrette, Roger W -- Metwally, Samia A -- Rowland, Jessica M -- Xu, Lizhe -- Zaki, Sherif R -- Nichol, Stuart T -- Rollin, Pierre E -- Towner, Jonathan S -- Shieh, Wun-Ju -- Batten, Brigid -- Sealy, Tara K -- Carrillo, Consuelo -- Moran, Karen E -- Bracht, Alexa J -- Mayr, Gregory A -- Sirios-Cruz, Magdalena -- Catbagan, Davinio P -- Lautner, Elizabeth A -- Ksiazek, Thomas G -- White, William R -- McIntosh, Michael T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 10;325(5937):204-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1172705.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, New York, NY 11944, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19590002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Disease Reservoirs ; Ebolavirus/classification/genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification ; Filoviridae Infections/complications/epidemiology/*veterinary/virology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/veterinary/virology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Philippines/epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology/*virology ; Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome ; virus/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Sus scrofa ; Swine Diseases/epidemiology/*virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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