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  • 1
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    Recent origin of Plasmodium falciparum from a single progenitor (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-21
    Description: Genetic variability of Plasmodium falciparum underlies its transmission success and thwarts efforts to control disease caused by this parasite. Genetic variation in antigenic, drug resistance, and pathogenesis determinants is abundant, consistent with an ancient origin of P. falciparum, whereas DNA variation at silent (synonymous) sites in coding sequences appears virtually absent, consistent with a recent origin of the parasite. To resolve this paradox, we analyzed introns and demonstrated that these are deficient in single-nucleotide polymorphisms, as are synonymous sites in coding regions. These data establish the recent origin of P. falciparum and further provide an explanation for the abundant diversity observed in antigen and other selected genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Volkman, S K -- Barry, A E -- Lyons, E J -- Nielsen, K M -- Thomas, S M -- Choi, M -- Thakore, S S -- Day, K P -- Wirth, D F -- Hartl, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 20;293(5529):482-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Harvard-Oxford Malaria Genome Diversity Project, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11463913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Agriculture ; Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Genes, Protozoan ; *Genetic Variation ; Humans ; *Introns ; Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission ; *Microsatellite Repeats ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Plasmodium/genetics ; Plasmodium falciparum/*genetics ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Molecular microbiology: A key event in survival (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barry, Dave -- McCulloch, Richard -- G0401553/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 14;459(7244):172-3. doi: 10.1038/459172a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigenic Variation/*genetics ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA Repair/*genetics ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Conversion/*genetics ; Humans ; *Models, Genetic ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei/*genetics/*immunology ; Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma/genetics/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Grid cell symmetry is shaped by environmental geometry (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-13
    Description: Grid cells represent an animal's location by firing in multiple fields arranged in a striking hexagonal array. Such an impressive and constant regularity prompted suggestions that grid cells represent a universal and environmental-invariant metric for navigation. Originally the properties of grid patterns were believed to be independent of the shape of the environment and this notion has dominated almost all theoretical grid cell models. However, several studies indicate that environmental boundaries influence grid firing, though the strength, nature and longevity of this effect is unclear. Here we show that grid orientation, scale, symmetry and homogeneity are strongly and permanently affected by environmental geometry. We found that grid patterns orient to the walls of polarized enclosures such as squares, but not circles. Furthermore, the hexagonal grid symmetry is permanently broken in highly polarized environments such as trapezoids, the pattern being more elliptical and less homogeneous. Our results provide compelling evidence for the idea that environmental boundaries compete with the internal organization of the grid cell system to drive grid firing. Notably, grid cell activity is more local than previously thought and as a consequence cannot provide a universal spatial metric in all environments.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4576734/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4576734/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krupic, Julija -- Bauza, Marius -- Burton, Stephen -- Barry, Caswell -- O'Keefe, John -- 101590/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 12;518(7538):232-5. doi: 10.1038/nature14153.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; 1] Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK [2] Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25673417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Entorhinal Cortex/*cytology/physiology ; *Environment ; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons/*cytology/physiology ; Orientation/*physiology ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology ; Rats ; Rotation ; Space Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    The Calyptogena magnifica chemoautotrophic symbiont genome (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-17
    Description: Chemoautotrophic endosymbionts are the metabolic cornerstone of hydrothermal vent communities, providing invertebrate hosts with nearly all of their nutrition. The Calyptogena magnifica (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae) symbiont, Candidatus Ruthia magnifica, is the first intracellular sulfur-oxidizing endosymbiont to have its genome sequenced, revealing a suite of metabolic capabilities. The genome encodes major chemoautotrophic pathways as well as pathways for biosynthesis of vitamins, cofactors, and all 20 amino acids required by the clam.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Newton, I L G -- Woyke, T -- Auchtung, T A -- Dilly, G F -- Dutton, R J -- Fisher, M C -- Fontanez, K M -- Lau, E -- Stewart, F J -- Richardson, P M -- Barry, K W -- Saunders, E -- Detter, J C -- Wu, D -- Eisen, J A -- Cavanaugh, C M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):998-1000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Biolabs 4080, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303757" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bivalvia/*microbiology ; Carbon/metabolism ; Chemoautotrophic Growth ; Gammaproteobacteria/*genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Photosynthesis ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Identifying autism loci and genes by tracing recent shared ancestry (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-16
    Description: To find inherited causes of autism-spectrum disorders, we studied families in which parents share ancestors, enhancing the role of inherited factors. We mapped several loci, some containing large, inherited, homozygous deletions that are likely mutations. The largest deletions implicated genes, including PCDH10 (protocadherin 10) and DIA1 (deleted in autism1, or c3orf58), whose level of expression changes in response to neuronal activity, a marker of genes involved in synaptic changes that underlie learning. A subset of genes, including NHE9 (Na+/H+ exchanger 9), showed additional potential mutations in patients with unrelated parents. Our findings highlight the utility of "homozygosity mapping" in heterogeneous disorders like autism but also suggest that defective regulation of gene expression after neural activity may be a mechanism common to seemingly diverse autism mutations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2586171/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2586171/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morrow, Eric M -- Yoo, Seung-Yun -- Flavell, Steven W -- Kim, Tae-Kyung -- Lin, Yingxi -- Hill, Robert Sean -- Mukaddes, Nahit M -- Balkhy, Soher -- Gascon, Generoso -- Hashmi, Asif -- Al-Saad, Samira -- Ware, Janice -- Joseph, Robert M -- Greenblatt, Rachel -- Gleason, Danielle -- Ertelt, Julia A -- Apse, Kira A -- Bodell, Adria -- Partlow, Jennifer N -- Barry, Brenda -- Yao, Hui -- Markianos, Kyriacos -- Ferland, Russell J -- Greenberg, Michael E -- Walsh, Christopher A -- 1K01MH71801/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- 1K23MH080954-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- 1R01 MH083565/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- 5P30HD018655-26/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- 5R01NS048276-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- K01 MH071801/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K01 MH071801-04/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K01 MH071801-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K23 MH080954/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K23 MH080954-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH64547/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- N01-HG-65403/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH083565/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048276/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048276-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048276-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048276-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048276-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048276-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 11;321(5886):218-23. doi: 10.1126/science.1157657.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18621663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics ; Animals ; Autistic Disorder/*genetics/physiopathology ; Brain/metabolism ; Cadherins/genetics ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Consanguinity ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Recessive ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; *Mutation ; Neurons/physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Rats ; Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Tuberculosis: what we don't know can, and does, hurt us (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-15
    Description: Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a penetrance of its host population that would be the envy of most human pathogens. About one-third of the human population would have a positive skin test for the infection and is thus thought to harbor the bacterium. Globally, 22 "high-burden" countries account for more than 80% of the active tuberculosis cases in the world, which shows the inequitable distribution of the disease. There is no effective vaccine against infection, and current drug therapies are fraught with problems, predominantly because of the protracted nature of the treatment and the increasing occurrence of drug resistance. Here we focus on the biology of the host-pathogen interaction and discuss new and evolving strategies for intervention.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872107/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872107/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Russell, David G -- Barry, Clifton E 3rd -- Flynn, JoAnne L -- AI057086/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI067027/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI080651/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI50732/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HL055936/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL075845/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL092883/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL100928/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL71241/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI037859/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI050732/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI050732-07/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI057086/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI057086-06A2/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI067027/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI067027-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI080651/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI080651-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL055936/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL055936-14/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL075845/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL075845-05/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL100928/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL100928-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R33 HL092883/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R33 HL092883-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 14;328(5980):852-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1184784.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. dgr8@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20466922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage/immunology ; Biomarkers ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Discovery ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Mice ; *Mycobacterium tuberculosis/growth & development/immunology/metabolism ; Public Health Practice ; *Tuberculosis/drug therapy/immunology/microbiology/prevention & control ; Vaccination
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Isolation of Succinivibrionaceae implicated in low methane emissions from Tammar wallabies (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-02
    Description: The Tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) harbors unique gut bacteria and produces only one-fifth the amount of methane produced by ruminants per unit of digestible energy intake. We have isolated a dominant bacterial species (WG-1) from the wallaby microbiota affiliated with the family Succinivibrionaceae and implicated in lower methane emissions from starch-containing diets. This was achieved by using a partial reconstruction of the bacterium's metabolism from binned metagenomic data (nitrogen and carbohydrate utilization pathways and antibiotic resistance) to devise cultivation-based strategies that produced axenic WG-1 cultures. Pure-culture studies confirm that the bacterium is capnophilic and produces succinate, further explaining a microbiological basis for lower methane emissions from macropodids. This knowledge also provides new strategic targets for redirecting fermentation and reducing methane production in livestock.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pope, P B -- Smith, W -- Denman, S E -- Tringe, S G -- Barry, K -- Hugenholtz, P -- McSweeney, C S -- McHardy, A C -- Morrison, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):646-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1205760. Epub 2011 Jun 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CSIRO Livestock Industries, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia 4067, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21719642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Digestive System/*microbiology ; Female ; Fermentation ; Genome, Bacterial ; Macropodidae/*microbiology ; Metagenome ; Methane/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Starch/metabolism ; Succinic Acid/*metabolism ; Succinivibrionaceae/genetics/growth & development/*isolation & ; purification/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-16
    Description: African trypanosomes cause human sleeping sickness and livestock trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. We present the sequence and analysis of the 11 megabase-sized chromosomes of Trypanosoma brucei. The 26-megabase genome contains 9068 predicted genes, including approximately 900 pseudogenes and approximately 1700 T. brucei-specific genes. Large subtelomeric arrays contain an archive of 806 variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes used by the parasite to evade the mammalian immune system. Most VSG genes are pseudogenes, which may be used to generate expressed mosaic genes by ectopic recombination. Comparisons of the cytoskeleton and endocytic trafficking systems with those of humans and other eukaryotic organisms reveal major differences. A comparison of metabolic pathways encoded by the genomes of T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania major reveals the least overall metabolic capability in T. brucei and the greatest in L. major. Horizontal transfer of genes of bacterial origin has contributed to some of the metabolic differences in these parasites, and a number of novel potential drug targets have been identified.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berriman, Matthew -- Ghedin, Elodie -- Hertz-Fowler, Christiane -- Blandin, Gaelle -- Renauld, Hubert -- Bartholomeu, Daniella C -- Lennard, Nicola J -- Caler, Elisabet -- Hamlin, Nancy E -- Haas, Brian -- Bohme, Ulrike -- Hannick, Linda -- Aslett, Martin A -- Shallom, Joshua -- Marcello, Lucio -- Hou, Lihua -- Wickstead, Bill -- Alsmark, U Cecilia M -- Arrowsmith, Claire -- Atkin, Rebecca J -- Barron, Andrew J -- Bringaud, Frederic -- Brooks, Karen -- Carrington, Mark -- Cherevach, Inna -- Chillingworth, Tracey-Jane -- Churcher, Carol -- Clark, Louise N -- Corton, Craig H -- Cronin, Ann -- Davies, Rob M -- Doggett, Jonathon -- Djikeng, Appolinaire -- Feldblyum, Tamara -- Field, Mark C -- Fraser, Audrey -- Goodhead, Ian -- Hance, Zahra -- Harper, David -- Harris, Barbara R -- Hauser, Heidi -- Hostetler, Jessica -- Ivens, Al -- Jagels, Kay -- Johnson, David -- Johnson, Justin -- Jones, Kristine -- Kerhornou, Arnaud X -- Koo, Hean -- Larke, Natasha -- Landfear, Scott -- Larkin, Christopher -- Leech, Vanessa -- Line, Alexandra -- Lord, Angela -- Macleod, Annette -- Mooney, Paul J -- Moule, Sharon -- Martin, David M A -- Morgan, Gareth W -- Mungall, Karen -- Norbertczak, Halina -- Ormond, Doug -- Pai, Grace -- Peacock, Chris S -- Peterson, Jeremy -- Quail, Michael A -- Rabbinowitsch, Ester -- Rajandream, Marie-Adele -- Reitter, Chris -- Salzberg, Steven L -- Sanders, Mandy -- Schobel, Seth -- Sharp, Sarah -- Simmonds, Mark -- Simpson, Anjana J -- Tallon, Luke -- Turner, C Michael R -- Tait, Andrew -- Tivey, Adrian R -- Van Aken, Susan -- Walker, Danielle -- Wanless, David -- Wang, Shiliang -- White, Brian -- White, Owen -- Whitehead, Sally -- Woodward, John -- Wortman, Jennifer -- Adams, Mark D -- Embley, T Martin -- Gull, Keith -- Ullu, Elisabetta -- Barry, J David -- Fairlamb, Alan H -- Opperdoes, Fred -- Barrell, Barclay G -- Donelson, John E -- Hall, Neil -- Fraser, Claire M -- Melville, Sara E -- El-Sayed, Najib M -- AI43062/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI043062/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI043062/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 15;309(5733):416-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK. mb4@sanger.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16020726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Antigenic Variation ; Antigens, Protozoan/chemistry/genetics/immunology ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Chromosomes/genetics ; Cytoskeleton/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Ergosterol/biosynthesis ; Genes, Protozoan ; *Genome, Protozoan ; Glutathione/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols/biosynthesis ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Transport ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Pseudogenes ; Purines/metabolism ; Pyrimidines/biosynthesis ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Spermidine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei/chemistry/*genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Trypanosomiasis, African/parasitology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    A genetically humanized mouse model for hepatitis C virus infection (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a major medical problem. Antiviral treatment is only partially effective and a vaccine does not exist. Development of more effective therapies has been hampered by the lack of a suitable small animal model. Although xenotransplantation of immunodeficient mice with human hepatocytes has shown promise, these models are subject to important challenges. Building on the previous observation that CD81 and occludin comprise the minimal human factors required to render mouse cells permissive to HCV entry in vitro, we attempted murine humanization via a genetic approach. Here we show that expression of two human genes is sufficient to allow HCV infection of fully immunocompetent inbred mice. We establish a precedent for applying mouse genetics to dissect viral entry and validate the role of scavenger receptor type B class I for HCV uptake. We demonstrate that HCV can be blocked by passive immunization, as well as showing that a recombinant vaccinia virus vector induces humoral immunity and confers partial protection against heterologous challenge. This system recapitulates a portion of the HCV life cycle in an immunocompetent rodent for the first time, opening opportunities for studying viral pathogenesis and immunity and comprising an effective platform for testing HCV entry inhibitors in vivo.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3159410/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3159410/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dorner, Marcus -- Horwitz, Joshua A -- Robbins, Justin B -- Barry, Walter T -- Feng, Qian -- Mu, Kathy -- Jones, Christopher T -- Schoggins, John W -- Catanese, Maria Teresa -- Burton, Dennis R -- Law, Mansun -- Rice, Charles M -- Ploss, Alexander -- F32DK081193/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32DK082155/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI071084/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI071084-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI072613/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI072613-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI079031/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI079031-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK085713/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK085713-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01AI071084/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI072613/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI079031/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RC1 DK087193/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- RC1 DK087193-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- RC1DK087193/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 8;474(7350):208-11. doi: 10.1038/nature10168.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21654804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Blocking/immunology ; Antigens, CD/genetics/metabolism ; Antigens, CD81 ; Cells, Cultured ; Claudin-1 ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Hepatitis C/*genetics/*virology ; Hepatocytes/cytology/*metabolism/*virology ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Receptors, Virus/genetics/metabolism ; Scavenger Receptors, Class B/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection ; Viral Tropism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Host-directed therapy of tuberculosis based on interleukin-1 and type I interferon crosstalk (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-06
    Description: Tuberculosis remains second only to HIV/AIDS as the leading cause of mortality worldwide due to a single infectious agent. Despite chemotherapy, the global tuberculosis epidemic has intensified because of HIV co-infection, the lack of an effective vaccine and the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Alternative host-directed strategies could be exploited to improve treatment efficacy and outcome, contain drug-resistant strains and reduce disease severity and mortality. The innate inflammatory response elicited by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) represents a logical host target. Here we demonstrate that interleukin-1 (IL-1) confers host resistance through the induction of eicosanoids that limit excessive type I interferon (IFN) production and foster bacterial containment. We further show that, in infected mice and patients, reduced IL-1 responses and/or excessive type I IFN induction are linked to an eicosanoid imbalance associated with disease exacerbation. Host-directed immunotherapy with clinically approved drugs that augment prostaglandin E2 levels in these settings prevented acute mortality of Mtb-infected mice. Thus, IL-1 and type I IFNs represent two major counter-regulatory classes of inflammatory cytokines that control the outcome of Mtb infection and are functionally linked via eicosanoids. Our findings establish proof of concept for host-directed treatment strategies that manipulate the host eicosanoid network and represent feasible alternatives to conventional chemotherapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayer-Barber, Katrin D -- Andrade, Bruno B -- Oland, Sandra D -- Amaral, Eduardo P -- Barber, Daniel L -- Gonzales, Jacqueline -- Derrick, Steven C -- Shi, Ruiru -- Kumar, Nathella Pavan -- Wei, Wang -- Yuan, Xing -- Zhang, Guolong -- Cai, Ying -- Babu, Subash -- Catalfamo, Marta -- Salazar, Andres M -- Via, Laura E -- Barry, Clifton E 3rd -- Sher, Alan -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jul 3;511(7507):99-103. doi: 10.1038/nature13489. Epub 2014 Jun 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases (LPD), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; 1] Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases (LPD), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA [2] Department of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institutes, University of Sao Paulo, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. ; T Lymphocyte Biology Unit, LPD, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Disease, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Henan Chest Hospital, 450003 Zhengzhou, China. ; 1] NIH, International Center for Excellence in Research, 600 031 Chennai, India [2] National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), 600 031 Chennai, India. ; Sino-US International Research Center for Tuberculosis, and Henan Public Health Center, 450003 Zhengzhou, China. ; 1] NIH, International Center for Excellence in Research, 600 031 Chennai, India [2] Helminth Immunology Section, LPD, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Clinical and Molecular Retrovirology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. ; Oncovir Inc., Washington, Washington DC 20008, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24990750" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dinoprostone/antagonists & inhibitors/biosynthesis/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/immunology ; *Immunotherapy ; Interferon Type I/antagonists & inhibitors/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Interleukin-1/*immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*immunology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/*immunology/microbiology/*therapy
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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