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  • Articles  (6,185)
  • Chemistry  (6,185)
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  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (6,185)
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  • Articles  (6,185)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Points to be considered in thermogravimetry (1993)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 44 (1993), S. 345-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bei der Thermogravimetrie zu berücksichtigende HinweiseKontinuierliche Thermogravimetrie ist eine verbreitete Methode, um Werkstoffe in korrosiven Gasen bei hohen Temperaturen zu prüfen und um Kinetik und Mechanismen der Hochtemperaturkorrosion aufzuklären. Hier werden Empfehlungen zur Durchführung thermogravimetrischer Tests zusammengestellt, Hinweise gegeben betreffend Probengröße und -form, Oberflächenpräparation, Reaktionsrohr, Start des Experiments, besonders empfindliche Messungen und Gasströmung und -regelung. Die Veröffentlichung ist als Grundlage und Startpunkt für zu entwickelnde Richtlinien für die Hochtemperaturkorrosionsforschung gedacht.
    Notes: Continuous thermogravimetry is a common method to test materials in gaseous corrosive environments at high temperatures and to elucidate kinetics and mechanisms of high temperature corrosion. Recommendations how to conduct thermogravimetric tests are collected here, points to be considered including sample size and form, surface preparation, reaction chamber, starting procedure, sensitive measurements, gas supply and dosing. This study is meant as a starting foundation for establishing guidelines in high temperature corrosion research.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19930440805
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photo- and electroluminescence efficiency in soluble poly(dialky1-p-phenylenevinylene)We are grateful to A. R. Brown, D. M. de Leeuw, and L. Molenkamp for valuable comments. E. Vossen and H. Zegers supplied and patterned the ITO substrates. This work was financed in part by the EEC under BRITEEURAM BRE2-CT93-0592 and ESPRIT Project 8013. (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 6 (1994), S. 934-937 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19940061206
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface characterization of silanized glass fibers by labeling with environmentally sensitive fluorophores (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 375-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Glass fibers have been treated with γ-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APES) through different silanizating procedures, which include APES aqueous solutions and APES vapor adsorption. Transmission Fourier transform IR (FTIR) measurements have been performed on the silanized samples to characterize the silanization reaction. Dansyl-sulfonamide conjugates have then been formed by reaction of dansyl chloride in dimethylformamide solution with the amine functionality's immobilized on the glass fiber surface. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements have been performed on dansylated samples. A dependence of the fluorescence intensity and the wavelength of the maximum emission on the silanization procedure has been observed. Good fits of the fluorescence decays of dansyl labels are found when biexponential functions are used for deconvolution, whereas the decay of dansylamides in fluid solution is single exponential. A two-state model for the solid solvent relaxation seems to apply for this samples. Several surface structural changes produced by the different silanization methods have been proposed. FTIR results support the conclusions drawn from fluorescence measurements. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyvinyl alcohol-copper II complex: Characterization and practical applications (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 127-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A method to obtain microscopic and macroscopic coatings with improved resistance to debonding is described. The procedure, based on polymer-metal complexes, involved the adsorption on inorganic substrates of a poly(vinyl alcohol)-copper II chelate that is also able to catalyze the polymerization of monomers or prepolymers with grafting. The molecular structure of the complex, its adsorption on inorganic surfaces, and the mechanism of the polymerization induced by the supported catalyst are summarized. Much emphasis is placed on application of this technology to the realization of encapsulated filler and pigment and of coatings with improved adherence and solvent resistance. In the field of composite materials, it is demonstrated from several examples that the encapsulation of the filler can be a way to block chemical interactions between filler and matrix, to promote filler dispersion, and to improve mechanical properties.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760290208
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cooperative molecular weight distribution test (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 269-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The development of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) has provided a convenient tool for the rapid determination of molecular weight distribution. The question has arisen as to the suitability of the method for specification purposes. The present work, suggested by the Naval Air Systems Command, represents an attempt to assess the precision of the method through a series of tests carried out by a number of laboratories using identical procedures on the same samples. Ten laboratories agreed to take part. Naval Ordnance Station, Indian Head, worked out standard conditions for operation of the chromatograph, for calibration of the columns, and for analysis of the GPC curves. Two samples of polystyrene were used by the various organizations for calibration of their instruments. Number-average molecular weight, heterogeneity index, and cumulative molecular weight distribution curves were determined on four samples of carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene (CTPB) and two samples of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), all unidentified except by letter code. All laboratories used identical directions for setting up CTPB and HTPB calibration curves which were based on curves determined from vapor-pressure osmometer molecular weights and GPC count numbers of fractionated material. Variation among the different laboratories was 0.15 in heterogeneity index, and a maximum of 1200 in molecular weight provided one aberrant set of values was eliminated. The six samples had heterogeneity indices from 1.15 to 1.54, while molecular weight varied from approximately 3000 to 6000. The average coefficient of variation of the molecular weight values was 6.2 ± 0.7%, which is quite acceptable. Variation in heterogeneity index was too great for specification purposes when considered among the different laboratories, but may be sufficiently good when measured by any one laboratory.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070170121
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of sorbyl chloride-osmium staining for fibrillar measurements in cotton fibers (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 2929-2931 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The technique for staining unsaturated additives within cotton fibers reacts osmium tetroxide with a sorbyl moiety which has been attached to the cellulose chain. Resulting electron micrographs indicate that contrast is considerably enhanced. Measurements of fibrillar size averaged 0.30 nm, closely approximating the values in the literature.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070231010
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic materials for frequency doubling (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 3 (1991), S. 401-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19910030717
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of the high temperature oxidation of a 20% Cr/25% Ni/Nb stainless steel in carbon dioxide using thin layer activationDedicated to Professor Dr. Alfred Rahmel on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1987)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 38 (1987), S. 506-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchung der Hochtemperaturoxidation eines nichtrostenden Stahls (25% Ni/20% Cr/Nb) in Kohlendioxid mit Hilfe der DünnschichtaktivierungDas Verhalten eines nichtrostenden Stahls (25% Ni/20% Cr/Nb) bei der Hochtemperaturkorrosion unter isothermen Bedingungen (Versuchsdauer bis 525 h) in Kohlendioxid bei 900 und 950°C und anschließendem Abkühlen im Ofen wurde gravimetrisch und zusätzlich mittels Dünnschichtaktivierung untersucht. Dazu wurde ein definierter Bereich der Stahloberfläche durch einen Deuteronenstrahl aktiviert, um die Radioisotopen 51Cr, 52Mn, 56Mn, 56Co, 57Co und 58Co zu erzeugen; die Tiefenverteilungen reichten unabhängig voneinander bis 70 μm. Die Messungen der Aktivitätsniveaus der Radioisotopen vor, während und nach der Oxidation sowie unter Berücksichtigung von abgeplatztem Zunder ermöglichen eine Differenzierung der durch Rißbildung im Zunder hervorgerufenen Effekte auf die Oxidationskinetik. Dabei wurde die Beteiligung der einzelnen Radioisotopen in den entstandenen Zundern und den abgeplatzten Zunderteilchen bestimmt.
    Notes: The high temperature oxidation behaviour of a 20% Cr/25% Ni/Nb stainless steel, during isothermal exposures of up to 525 h duration, in carbon dioxide, at 900 and 950°C and on subsequent furnace cooling, has been studied by weight change measurements, in combination with thin layer activation. For this purpose a defined region of the steel was activated by a deuteron beam to produce the radioisotopes 51Cr, 52Mn, 54Mn, 56Co, 57Co and 58Co, with independent depth distributions to 70 μm. Measurements of the activity levels of the radioisotopes before, during and after oxidation, monitored scale spallation, thus enabling effects on the oxidation kinetics due to scale cracking to be distinguished. The involvement of each radioisotope was ascertained in the types of scales formed and in the spall produced.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19870380908
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The chemistry of g-line photoresist processes (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 928-936 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The chemistry that underlies positive imaging, Image Reversal (ImRe) and Built In Mask (BIM), has been investigated. For this purpose the photoactive compound 2, 1 -diazonaphthoquinone-5-(4-cumylphenyl)-sulfonate (PAC-5), the corresponding indenecarboxylic acid (ICA-5) and the decarboxylated derivative of ICA-5 (indene), were isolated and characterized. The study revealed that dissolution of ICA-5 in aqueous base developers gives rise to the formation of an indenyl carboxylate dianion, which decarboxylates in several hours. In the case that ICA-5 is dissolved in weakly alkaline media or in organic solvents such as methanol, the formation of this ion does not occur, but the rate of decarboxylation is almost the same. It is suggested that the decarboxylation reaction proceeds via the indene carboxylate monoanion, which reacts to indenyl anion. The latter is a strong base and is readily protonated to give indene (two isomers). In the case of aqueous base this leads to precipitation of the indene. In agreement with the finding that the indene derived from ICA-5 does not dissolve in aqueous base developers, it was found that mixing indenes into novolak has a considerable inhibitive effect on the dissolution rate of a layer of this material in aqueous base. After a bake (in ImRe this would be the reversal bake), the dissolution rate is almost the same as for unexposed photoresist. Similar experiments with mixtures of novolak and indenecarboxylic acid revealed that there is no difference in the dissolution rate of such layers as compared with exposed photoresist. This excludes the putative effect of porosity, caused by nitrogen extrusion. In the case that 1-phenyl-3-morpholinotriazene is added to the photoresist (in order to produce a dye in the BIM concept), azo-dyes are formed by coupling of diazonium ions on the 1- and 3-position of 3-indenecarboxylic acid. The paper starts with a brief review of the mechanisms of photolysis of 2, 1 -diazonaphthoqui nones, as have been proposed in the literature. Although the formation of ketene as an intermediate is generally accepted, there appears to be no consensus about the existence of carbene.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760291409
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscoelastic response of model epoxy networks in the glass transition region (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 615-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Six epoxy networks with various structures built up from a diepoxy prepolymer, DGEBA, and three different diamines or mixtures of a monoamine and a diamine were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis in the glass transition region. The systems were designed in order to investigate the dependence of glass transition Tg on both crosslink density and network chain flexibility. The time (frequency) - temperature superposition principle (WLF equation) was used to determine the viscoelastic coefficients Cg1 and C2g which are related to some free volume characteristics on the molecular scale. Cg1, related to the free volume fraction available at Tg depends mainly on crosslink density, even though the product Cg1C2g, related to the free volume expansion coefficient, is dependent on both chain flexibility and crosslink density. Thus, viscoelastic properties determined over large temperature and frequency ranges are shown to yield more precise information on epoxy network structure than the simple analysis of glass transition temperature.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760310813
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