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  • 1
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    Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment: Afternoon terminator observations of Mars (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: It is possible to model the ultraviolet terminator observations of Mariner 9 either with a homogeneous atmosphere or with a scattering layer in addition to a homogeneous atmosphere. The characteristic shape of the twilight intensity variation is dependent on the latitude of observation. Observations north of 55N require a homogeneous model. Twilight measurements south of 55N indicate that a scattering layer may be a general Martian occurrence, at least in the evening. The day-to-day surveillance of the Martian terminator during the first 216 Mariner 9 revolutions indicates haze formation in the evening, and its continued presence until early morning is a daily occurrence in mid-latitudes up to 50N.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 4; p 339-353
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  • 2
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    Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment - Initial results. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The UV airglow spectrum of Mars has been measured from an orbiting spacecraft during a 30-day period in November and December 1971. Significant variations in the scale height of the CO Cameron band airglow have been observed during a period of variable solar activity. The atomic oxygen and hydrogen airglow lines are present during all the observations. Measurements of the reflectance of the lower atmosphere of Mars show the spectral characteristics of particle scattering and a magnitude that is about 50% of that measured during the Mariner 6 and 7 experiments in 1969.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 175; Jan. 21
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  • 3
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    Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment - Mars atomic oxygen 1304-A emission. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Selected results are presented for an analysis of Mariner 9 1304-A data from the first 100 passes. Based on a comparison of limb data, the exospheric temperature appears lower on several Mariner 9 passes than when Mariner 6 and 7 encountered the planet in 1969. Temperatures of 300 and 350 K are considered in the atmospheric modeling. At 300 K, derived values of the atomic oxygen concentration are typically between 0.5 and 1% of the total density at 135 km, based on fitting theoretical intensities to limb data from several passes. Structure in the limb data below 200 km suggests the possibility that approximately 0.2 kR of the observed approximately 0.8 kR near 150 km is due to dissociative excitation of CO2. There is variability in limb profiles, thus indicating changes in the O distribution with time. The variability does not appear to follow a recognizable pattern. Interpretation of the 1304-A disk data shows a correlation in intensity with the 10.7-cm solar flux and larger O concentrations in the afternoon than in the morning. The correlation in intensity with the 10.7-cm flux is probably due largely to variation in the solar 1304-A fluxes.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Aug. 1
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  • 4
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    Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment - Afternoon terminator observations of Mars. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; July 10
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  • 5
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    Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment - Structure of Mars' upper atmosphere. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Mariner 9 observations of the limb intensity profile of the CO Cameron bands in the Martian airglow demonstrate the validity of a postulated relationship between the equivalent subsolar zenith intensity and the 10.7-cm solar radio flux. Comparison of averaged limb intensities of the CO2+ doublet and the Cameron bands on four favorable occasions is consistent with the intensities being directly proportional in a ratio of 0.24 to 1.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
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  • 6
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    Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment - Seasonal variation of ozone on Mars. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Ozone is observed to be present in the polar regions of Mars and to have a seasonal variation. In the summer, the amount present in the polar atmosphere is less than 3 micrometer-atmospheres. In the fall, ozone increases in amount and is found in association with the formation of the polar hood. In winter, the maximum amount of ozone is present, 57 micrometer-atmospheres over the polar hood and 16 over the polar cap. In spring, the amount over the polar cap decreases monotonically until by the beginning of summer the ozone disappears. Ozone is not observed in the equatorial region during any season.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 179; Feb. 23
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  • 7
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    Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment - Photometry and topography of Mars. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Reflectance properties of Mars were measured in a 100-A band (centered at 3050 A) by the UV spectrometer on board Mariner 9 during the period from Nov. 14, 1971 to Mar. 1, 1972. A topographic map of Mars based on the scattering of UV light from the Mars atmosphere (after clearing of the dust storm) is illustrated. The UV light which is Rayleigh-scattered by the Mars molecular atmosphere (with allowance for uniform turbidity) is proportional to surface pressure regardless of the atmospheric temperature structure. Comparison with Mariner 9 radio occultation measurements determines the fraction of total reflectance that is due to atmospheric scattering.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
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  • 8
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    Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment - Mars airglow spectroscopy and variations in Lyman alpha. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer observations show the Mars airglow consists principally of emissions that arise from the interaction of solar ultraviolet radiation with carbon dioxide, the principal constituent of the Mars atmosphere. Two minor constituents, atomic hydrogen and atomic oxygen, also produce airglow emissions. The airglow measurements show that ionized carbon dioxide is only a minor constituent of the ionosphere. Using the airglow measurements of atomic oxygen, it is possible to infer that the major ion is ionized molecular oxygen. The escape rate of atomic hydrogen measured by Mariner 9 is approximately the same as that measured two years earlier by Mariner 6 and 7. If the current escape rate has been operating for 4.5 billion years and if water vapor is the ultimate source, an amount of oxygen has been generated that is far in excess of that observed at present. Mariner 9 observations of Mars Lyman alpha emission over a period of 120 days show variations of 20%.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
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  • 9
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    Mariner 9 Ultraviolet Spectrometer experiment - Observations of ozone on Mars. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Mariner 9 Ultraviolet Spectrometer has observed the 2550 A ozone spectral absorption feature on Mars. This absorption was previously detected in the south polar region by Mariner 7 in 1969. Mariner 9 did not observe ozone at any time in the equatorial region, nor at the south polar cap during its summer season. However, ozone was found in the north polar region beginning at a latitude of 45 deg N and extending northward. Ozone later appeared in the southern hemisphere southward of 50 deg S as the Mars autumnal equinox approached. The presence of ozone on Mars seems to be coupled to the water vapor content of its atmosphere.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Icarus; 18; Jan. 197
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  • 10
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    The prediction of blade wake interaction noise based on a turbulent vortex model (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Blade wake interaction is defined as the broadband noise generated by the interaction of helicopter rotor blades with their own wake. Experimental observations have shown that this is a strong function of advance ratio and tip path plane angle. This paper describes how this noise source can be associated with the blade vortex interactions in the forward sector of the rotor. Measured levels of turbulence in the vortex core are used to predict the broadband noise levels with some success. However, more detailed information on the turbulence spectrum and the trajectory of the shed vortices is required before more accurate noise predictions can be made.
    Keywords: ACOUSTICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 89-1134
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