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  • Articles  (19)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (15)
  • 61.80  (2)
  • 73  (2)
  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
  • seismic processing/methodology
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 335-338 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.40 ; 61.80 ; 72.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract n-type a-Si:H films have been irradiated with light, electrons, protons and heavy ion beams. It is shown that the non-thermal creation of dangling-bond defects activates significant densities of previously inactive phosphorus dopants. The relevance of these results is discussed with respect to equilibration phenomena in doped material and with respect to degradation phenomena in a-Si:H solar cells.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 53 (1991), S. 235-240 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.40 ; 61.80 ; 72.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films have been irradiated with H+, B+, P+, and Ar+ ion beams. The accumulation and the annealing of irradiation-induced defects has been investigated through a series of electronic transport and PDS measurements. We find that for all projectiles damage accumulation is dominated by atomic displacement collisions with the damage saturating for energy transfers in excess of about 10 eV/target atom. Annealing at elevated temperatures causes the conductivity of doped and irradiated a-Si:H films to increase according to stretched exponential decay curves. All annealing parameters derivable from such fits scale with the energy originally dissipated into atomic displacement collisions. For energy transfers up to 10 eV/target atom the activation energy for annealing increases up to a saturation value and, at the same time, an increasing fraction of the irradiation-induced defects becomes stable against annealing at moderate temperatures (T a〈250° C). We discuss these results with respect to damage accumulation data in crystalline silicon (c-Si) and with regard to the annealing of metastable defects in a-Si:H.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 255-259 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 73
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract After bombarding silicon single crystals with heavy neon ion doses, the resulting amorphous surface layer has been found to be electrically insulated from the underlying bulk material. Current-voltage characteristics indicate the formation of a junction between the crystalline and the damaged layer. As a consequence, the electrical properties of the amorphous layer can be measured at low temperatures up to about 230 K and considerably beyond room temperature, if thick crystal wafers and silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) samples, respectively, are used.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 63-68 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 72.40 ; 73 ; 85 ; 60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The electrical properties ofn +-window layers inp-i-n a-Si:H solar cells were characterised as a function ofn +-layer thickness, $$d_{n^ + } $$ , by measuring firstly the activation energyE a of the dark conductivity and secondly the built-in potentialV bi of the cells.E a was found to increase with decreasing $$d_{n^ + } $$ attaining values as high as 0.8 eV for $$d_{n^ + } $$ ≅5nm; bulk values, e.g.E a ≅. 2eV in the amorphous andE a〈0.01 eV in the microcrystalline case, were only observed for $$d_{n^ + } $$ 〉20nm and for $$d_{n^ + } $$ 〉200nm, respectively. In contrast,V bi did not depend on $$d_{n^ + } $$ at all and was further found to be consistent with expectations based on the Fermi level positions in bulkn + andp +-material. As a consequenceE a in very thin films can no longer be considered as a measure of (E C −E F), the distance of the Fermi level from the conduction band edge. The apparent inconsistency inherent to theE a and theV bi results can be resolved by assuming that the deposition of then +-material proceeds via the growth and coalescence of small islands.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 3 (1994), S. 131-136 
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: II-VI compound ; SrS : Ce ; Photoluminescence ; Concentration quenching ; Phosphorescence ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: The luminescence efficiency of SrS: Ce powders in the doping range from 0.01 to 1.0 at.% was investigated by photoluminescence decay studies. The radiative decay time of Ce3+ in SrS was determined to be 27 ns. The onset of concentration quenching at concentrations higher than about 0.7 at.% has been obtained. The photoluminescence spectrum of Ce3+ exhibits two emission bands as a consequence of the ground state splitting. The Huang-Rhys factor of the 5d-4f transition was estimated to be about 6. The inhomogeneous broadening of the emission band of samples with higher doping level has been investigated by site-selective and time-resolved spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The application of radiotracer technique for the determination of small corrosion rates of tantalum, a tantalum-niobium-alloy and zirconium in azeotropic nitric acidThe radiotracer technique following neutron activation is a suitable means to measure hitherto hardly detectable, very low corrosion rates. In azeotropic nitric acid, tantalum and the tantalum-40niobium alloy show at 20 to 120°C approximately the same corrosion rates between 0.2 · 10-6 and 8 · 10-6 mm/a; the apparent activation energies are 30 to 40 kJ/mol.In the temperature region from 20 up to 81°C the corrosion rates of zirconium are between 7 · 10-6 and 5 · 10-4 mm/a; the apparent activation energy is 47 kJ/mol.In the case of zirconium, check measurements (analysis of the corrosive medium with AAS and ICP) with non-activated sheet-metal sections resulted in similar corrosion rates.
    Notes: Die Radiotracer-Methode nach Neutronenaktivierung ist geeignet, bisher kaum erfaßbare, sehr geringe Abtragungsraten zu bestimmen. Tantal und die Tantal-40Niob-Lergierung zeigen in azeotroper Salpetersäure bei 22 bis 120°C annähernd gleiche Abtragungsraten von 0,2 · 10-6 bis 8 · 10-6 mm/a; die scheinbaren Aktivierungsenergien betragen 30 bis 40 kJ/mol.Die Abtragungsraten von Zirconium liegen im Temperaturbereich von 20 bis 81°C zwischen 7 · 10-6 und 5 · 10-4 mm/a; die scheinbare Aktivierungsenergie ergibt sich zu 47 kJ/mol.Im Falle des Zirconiums führten Kontrollmessungen (Analyse des Angriffsmittels mit AAS und ICP) an nicht aktivierten Blechabschnitten zu vergleichbaren Abtragungsraten.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The radiotracer technique as a means to investigate the corrosion of zirconium, tantalum, and a Ta-40Nb alloy in fluoride containing azeotropic nitric acidZirconium and tantalum as well as the tantalum 40% niobium alloy are of considerable technical importance due to their high corrosion resistance against numerous corrosive media. With respect to corrosion testing in analytically pure azeotropic nitric acid in the temperature range between 20 and 121°C, corrosion rates were determined for zirconium: 7 · 10-6 to 5 · 10-4 mm/y, for tantalum: 10-8 to 4 · 10-6 mm/y, and for the Ta-40Nb alloy: 2 · 10-7 to 8 · 10-6 mm/y [1]. These corrosion rates will be markedly increased by adding small amounts of fluorides or by fluoride impurities.The radiotracer method after neutron activation was applied to determine the corrosion rates in azeotropic fluoride containing nitric acid. Even minute additions of fluorides strongly affect the corrosion resistance of zirconium. In the range between 0.15 and 10 ppm F- and at a temperature of 108°C, corrosion rates between 5.3 · 10-3 and 3.1 mm/y were measured. It was impossible to establish a limit for the fluoride concentration, below which the corrosion rate of zirconium will not be adversely influenced.The corrosion rates of tantalum and the Ta-40Nb alloy are considerably increasing above a fluoride concentration of 10 ppm. The highest corrosion rates measured were between 8.4 · 10-3 mm/y at 50°C/280 ppm F- and 1.4 · 10-2 mm/y at 110°C/320 ppm F-. Within the range of this investigation, the corrosion resistance of tantalum was higher than that of the Ta-40Nb alloy by one order of magnitude.The corrosion resistance of zirconium and tantalum was not influenced by any treatment of the samples before testing.
    Notes: Wegen ihrer hohen Korrosionsbeständigkeit gegenüber zahlreichen Angriffsmitteln sind Zirconium und Tantal sowie die Legierung Tantal-40Niob von großer technischer Bedeutung. Die bisher in azeotroper Salpetersäure p.a. zwischen 20 und 121°C gemessenen Abtragungsraten liegen für Zirconium zwischen 7 · 10-6 und 5 · 10-4 mm/a, für Tantal zwischen 10-8 und 4 · 10-6 mm/a und für die Legierung Ta-40Nb zwischen 2 · 10-7 und 8 · 10-6 mm/a [1]. Diese Abtragungsraten werden durch geringe Fluoridzustände oder -verunreinigungen wesentlich erhöht.Mit der Radiotracermethode nach Neutronenaktivierung wurden die Abtragungsraten in azeotroper, fluoridhaltiger Salpetersäure bestimmt. Zirconium ist schon gegen kleinste Fluoridspuren sehr empfindlich. Im untersuchten Bereich von 0.15 bis 10 ppm F- liegen bei 108°C die Abtragungsraten zwischen 5.3 · 10-3 und 3.1 mm/a. Eine Grenzkonzentration, unterhalb der das Fluorid die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit nicht mehr beeinflußt, kann für Zirconium nicht angegeben werden.Bei Tantal und der Legierung Ta-40Nb nimmt oberhalb einer Grenzkonzentration von 10 ppm F- die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit stark zu. Die höchsten Abtragungsraten liegen zwischen 8.4 · 10-3 mm/a bei 50°C/280 ppm F- und 1.4 · 10-2 mm/a bei 110°C/320 ppm F-. Dabei ist Tantal über den gesamten erfaßten Bereich um etwa das Zehnfache beständiger als die Legierung Ta-40Nb.Sowohl bei Tantal als auch bei Zirconium stellt sich die Abtragungsrate unabhängig von Vorbehandlungen ein.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 64 (1992), S. 864-865 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 49 (1961), S. 238-240 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 91 (1966), S. 212-230 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: 2,3,6-Glucose-tricarbanilate prepared by degradation of cellulosetricarbanilate in 1-hydroxy-2-methoxy-ethane in presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid was condensed with phosphorpentoxide in a mixture of chloroform-dimethyl sulfoxide. Light scattering measurements gave degrees of polymerization up to 640. Contrarily to cellulose- and amylosetricarbanilates there was no definite relation between the STAUDINGER-Indices and molecular weights. Also no angular dependence of the scattered light was found. The products therefore are branched. The side chains are bound to the carbanilate groups, for after alkaline saponification of the polyglucosans the degrees of polymerization decrease to about 60. Degradation experiments with α-amylase and cellulase, optical rotation in tetraethylammoniumhydroxide and viscosity measurements of polyglucosans compared with those of different cellodextrins showed clearly that only 1,4-β-glucosidic linkages are present in the synthetic polysaccharides and that the products are not branched.
    Notes: 2,3,6-Glucosetricarbanilat  -  aus Cellulosetricarbanilat durch Alkoholyse in 1-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-äthan in Gegenwart von p-Toluolsulfosäure hergestellt  -  wurde in Chloroform/Dimethylsulfoxid durch Phosphorpentoxid kondensiert. Streulichtmessungen der Polykondensate ergaben Polymerisationsgrade bis 640. Zum Unterschied von Cellulose- und Amylosetricarbanilaten wurde keine eindeutige Beziehung zwischen STAUDINGER-Indices und Molekulargewichten gefunden. Die Streulichtintensität ergab keine Winkelabhängigkeit. Die Produkte müssen daher verzweigt sein. Die Seitenketten sind an die Carbanilatgruppen gebunden, denn nach alkalischer Verseifung lagen die Polymerisationsgrade bei ca. 60. Aus Abbauversuchen mit α-Amylase und Cellulase, Drehwerten in Tetraäthylammoniumhydroxid und vergleichenden Viskositätsmessungen an den Polyglucosanen und verschiendenen Cellodextrinen geht hervor, daß nur 1,4-β-glucosidische Bindungen in den synthetischen Polysacchariden vorliegen und daß die Produkte unverzweigt sind.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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