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  • 551  (8)
  • ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)  (4)
  • SPACE TRANSPORTATION  (4)
  • 1
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    The manned transportation system study - Defining human pathways into space (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Substantiating data developed by a NASA-industry team (NIT) for subsequent NASA decisions on the 'right' set of manned transportation elements needed for human access to space are discussed. Attention is given to the framework for detailed definition of these manned transportation elements. Identifying and defining architecture evaluation criteria, i.e., attributes, specified the amount and type of data needed for each concept under consideration. Several architectures, each beginning with today's transportation systems, were defined using representative systems to explore future options and address specific questions currently being debated. The present solutions emphasize affordability, safety, routineness, and reliability. Key issues associated with current business practices were challenged and the impact associated with these practices quantified.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 92-1701
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Defining the manned transportation system strategy for the United States (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Recent work completed by a NASA-Industry Team designed to identify the requirements for the U.S. manned transportation system (MTS) is presented. This MTS study was designed to address important outstanding issues concerning present systems and what the configuration and capabilities of a new manned vehicle should be. The rigorous process developed is measurable and repeatable and helps define a coherent and integrated strategy for which space launch vehicle concepts can be defined for future manned transportation to space.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: IAF PAPER 92-0853
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    The Manned Transportation System Study - Attributes and their measurements (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Attention is given to the Manned Transportation System (MTS) Study, initiated to help identify the 'right' transportation system architectures needed for human access to space. A listing of the requirements used for this study and the rationale behind them are given. Attributes allow comparison of elements that meet the requirements and the 'needs' (mission model). The attributes include: safety, probability of mission success, funding profile, architecture cost risk, schedule confidence, dependability, availability, mission growth potential, environment, resiliency, and alternate access. The attributes need to be measurable, to have repeatable calculations and well-defined assumptions, to have their weight determined relative to other attributes, and to be a discriminator. The process used to determine the attributes, which involved the MTS team forum and some of the quality function deployment techniques, is discussed.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 92-1703
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Architecture options for the Manned Transportation Systems Study (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Manned Transportation System (MTS) Study has constructed a comprehensive set of transportation architectures, using current and possible vehicle systems to address specifically a series of considerations which focus and guide what the future transportation architectures should be. Payload manifesting ground rules are presented to illustrate the present approach in establishing flight rates from the MTS mission models. Manned system flight rates and relative personnel safety characteristics differences are presented.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 92-1704
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Human Transportation System (HTS) study, volume 1 (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Work completed under the Human Transportation System Study is summarized. This study was conducted by the New Initiatives Office at JSC with the technical support of Boeing, General Dynamics, Lockheed, McDonnell-Douglas, Martin Marietta, and Rockwell. The study was designed to generate information on determining the appropriate path to follow for new system development to meet the Nation's space transportation needs. The study evaluates 18 transportation architecture options using a parametric set of mission requirements. These options include use of current systems as well as proposed systems to assess the impact of various considerations, such as the cost of alternate access, or the benefit of separating people and cargo. The architecture options are compared to each other with six measurable evaluation criteria or attributes. They are the following: funding profile, human safety, probability of mission success, architecture cost risk, launch schedule confidence, and environmental impact. Values for these attributes are presented for the architecture options, with pertinent conclusions and recommendations.
    Keywords: SPACE TRANSPORTATION
    Type: NASA-TM-104779 , S-739-VOL-1 , NAS 1.15:104779
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Human Transportation System (HTS) study, volume 2 (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report summarizes work completed under the Human Transportation System Study. This study was conducted by the New Initiatives Office at JSC with the technical support of Boeing, General Dynamics, Lockheed, McDonnell-Douglas, Martin Marietta, and Rockwell. The study was designed to generate information on determining the appropriate path to follow for new system development to meet the Nation's space transportation needs. The study evaluates 18 transportation architecture options using a parametric set of mission requirements. These options include use of current systems (e.g., Shuttle, Titan, etc. ) as well as proposed systems (e.g., PLS, Single-Stage-to-Orbit, etc.) to assess the impact of various considerations, such as the cost of alternate access, or the benefit of separating people and cargo. The architecture options are compared to each other with six measurable evaluation criteria or attributes. They are: funding profile, human safety, probability of mission success, architecture cost risk, launch schedule confidence, and environmental impact. Values for these attributes are presented for the architecture options, with pertinent conclusions and recommendations.
    Keywords: SPACE TRANSPORTATION
    Type: NASA-TM-104779-VOL-2 , S-739 , NAS 1.15:104779-VOL-2
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Human Transportation System (HTS) study: Executive summary (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Work completed under the Human Transportation System Study is summarized. This study was conducted by the New Initiatives Office at JSC with the technical support of Boeing, General Dynamics, Lockheed, McDonnell-Douglas, Martin Marietta, and Rockwell. The study was designed to generate information on determining the appropriate path to follow for new system development to meet the Nation's space transportation needs. The study evaluates 18 transportation architecture options using a parametric set of mission requirements. These options include use of current systems as well as proposed systems to assess the impact of various considerations, such as the cost of alternate access, or the benefit of separating people and cargo. The architecture options are compared to each other with six measurable evaluation criteria or attributes. They are the following: funding profile, human safety, probability of mission success, architecture cost risk, launch schedule confidence, and environmental impact. Values for these attributes are presented for the architecture options, with pertinent conclusions and recommendations.
    Keywords: SPACE TRANSPORTATION
    Type: NASA-TM-104780 , S-740 , NAS 1.15:104780
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Investigation of the launch pad abort capabilities of the HL-20 lifting body (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The capability of the HL-20 lifting body spacecraft to perform an abort maneuver from the launch pad to a horizontal landing was studied at NASA Langley Research Center. This study involved both piloted and batch simulation models of the vehicle. A point-mass model of the vehicle was used for trajectory optimization studies. The piloted simulation was performed in the Visual Motion Simulator in fixed-base mode. A candidate maneuver was developed and refined for the worst-case launch-pad-to-landing-site geometry using an iterative procedure of off-line maneuver analysis followed by piloted evaluations and heuristic improvements to the candidate maneuver. The resulting maneuver demonstrates the launch site abort capability of the HL-20 and dictates requirements for nominal abort motor performance. The sensitivity of the maneuver to variations in several design parameters was documented.
    Keywords: SPACE TRANSPORTATION
    Type: AIAA PAPER 93-3690 , ; 10 p.|AIAA, Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference; Aug 09, 1993 - Aug 11, 1993; Monterey, CA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Airborne Thermal Data Identifies Groundwater Discharge at the North-Western Coast of the Dead Sea (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: A qualitative and quantitative monitoring of groundwater discharge was conducted based on an airborne thermal campaign undertaken along the north-western coast of the Dead Sea in January 2011 to contribute to the relatively scarce information on groundwater discharge to date in the region. The application of airborne thermal data exploits thermal contrasts that exist between discharging groundwater and background sea surface temperatures of the Dead Sea. Using these contrasts, 72 discharge sites were identified from which only 42 were known from previous in situ measurements undertaken at terrestrial springs by the Israel Hydrological Service. Six of these sites represent submarine springs and at a further 24 locations groundwater appears to seep through the sediment. Although the abundance of groundwater seepage sites suggests a significant, but so far unknown groundwater source, the main contribution appears to originate from terrestrial springs. In an attempt to provide a quantitative approach for terrestrial springs, a linear bootstrap regression model between in situ spring discharge and respective thermal discharge plumes (r2 = 0.87 p 〈 0.001) is developed and presented here. While the results appear promising and could potentially be applied to derive discharge values at unmonitored sites, several influence factors need to be clarified before a robust and reliable model to efficiently derive a complete quantitative picture of groundwater discharge can be proposed.
    Keywords: thermal discharge plume; groundwater discharge; ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 10
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    Microbial and Chemical Characterization of Underwater Fresh Water Springs in the Dead Sea (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Due to its extreme salinity and high Mg concentration the Dead Sea is characterized by a very low density of cells most of which are Archaea. We discovered several underwater fresh to brackish water springs in the Dead Sea harboring dense microbial communities. We provide the first characterization of these communities, discuss their possible origin, hydrochemical environment, energetic resources and the putative biogeochemical pathways they are mediating. Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and community fingerprinting methods showed that the spring community originates from the Dead Sea sediments and not from the aquifer. Furthermore, it suggested that there is a dense Archaeal community in the shoreline pore water of the lake. Sequences of bacterial sulfate reducers, nitrifiers iron oxidizers and iron reducers were identified as well. Analysis of white and green biofilms suggested that sulfide oxidation through chemolitotrophy and phototrophy is highly significant. Hyperspectral analysis showed a tight association between abundant green sulfur bacteria and cyanobacteria in the green biofilms. Together, our findings show that the Dead Sea floor harbors diverse microbial communities, part of which is not known from other hypersaline environments. Analysis of the water’s chemistry shows evidence of microbial activity along the path and suggests that the springs supply nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter to the microbial communities in the Dead Sea. The underwater springs are a newly recognized water source for the Dead Sea. Their input of microorganisms and nutrients needs to be considered in the assessment of possible impact of dilution events of the lake surface waters, such as those that will occur in the future due to the intended establishment of the Red Sea - Dead Sea water conduit.
    Keywords: Dead Sea; Archaeal community ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 21
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
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