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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Halophiles : Genetics and Genomes (2014)
    Norfolk, UK : Caister Academic Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 14.0223
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xi, 193 S.
    ISBN: 9781908230423
    Classification:
    D.8.
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
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    Microbial and Chemical Characterization of Underwater Fresh Water Springs in the Dead Sea (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Due to its extreme salinity and high Mg concentration the Dead Sea is characterized by a very low density of cells most of which are Archaea. We discovered several underwater fresh to brackish water springs in the Dead Sea harboring dense microbial communities. We provide the first characterization of these communities, discuss their possible origin, hydrochemical environment, energetic resources and the putative biogeochemical pathways they are mediating. Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and community fingerprinting methods showed that the spring community originates from the Dead Sea sediments and not from the aquifer. Furthermore, it suggested that there is a dense Archaeal community in the shoreline pore water of the lake. Sequences of bacterial sulfate reducers, nitrifiers iron oxidizers and iron reducers were identified as well. Analysis of white and green biofilms suggested that sulfide oxidation through chemolitotrophy and phototrophy is highly significant. Hyperspectral analysis showed a tight association between abundant green sulfur bacteria and cyanobacteria in the green biofilms. Together, our findings show that the Dead Sea floor harbors diverse microbial communities, part of which is not known from other hypersaline environments. Analysis of the water’s chemistry shows evidence of microbial activity along the path and suggests that the springs supply nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter to the microbial communities in the Dead Sea. The underwater springs are a newly recognized water source for the Dead Sea. Their input of microorganisms and nutrients needs to be considered in the assessment of possible impact of dilution events of the lake surface waters, such as those that will occur in the future due to the intended establishment of the Red Sea - Dead Sea water conduit.
    Keywords: Dead Sea; Archaeal community ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 21
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thymidine incorporation in saltern ponds of different salinities: Estimation of in situ growth rates of halophilic archaeobacteria and eubacteria (1990)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 19 (1990), S. 43-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine was measured in solar saltern ponds of different salinities. Estimated doubling times of the bacterial communities were in the range of 1.1 to 22.6 days. Even at the highest salt concentrations (NaCl saturation), relatively rapid thymidine incorporation was observed. In an attempt to differentiate between activity of halophilic archaeobacteria (theHalobacterium group) and halophilic eubacteria, taurocholate, which causes lysis of the halobacteria without affecting eubacteria, was used. At salt concentrations exceeding 250 g/liter all thymidine incorporation activity could be attributed to halobacteria. Aphidicolin, a potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis in halobacteria, completely abolished thymidine incorporation at the highest salinities, but also caused significant inhibition at salinities at which halobacteria are expected to be absent. Attempts to use nalidixic acid to selectively inhibit DNA synthesis by the eubacterial communities were unsuccessful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02015052
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular salt and solute concentrations in Ectothiorhodospira marismortui: glycine betaine and Nα-carbamoyl glutamineamide as osmotic solutes (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 156 (1991), S. 350-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ectothiorhodospira ; Halophilic ; Compatible solutes ; Glycine betaine ; Nα-carbamoyl glutamineamide ; Sucrose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ectothiorhodospira marismortui, a moderately halophilic purple sulfur bacterium from a hypersaline sulfur spring, contains glycine betaine and Nα-carbamoyl glutamineamide (CGA) as the main intracellular osmotic solutes, with sucrose as a minor component. The concentration of glycine betaine was found to increase with increasing salt concentration of the medium, from 0.47 M to 1.29 M in cells grown from 0.85 to 2.56 M NaCl, while the estimated CGA concentration rose from about 0.2 M to 0.5 M. The concentration of sucrose remained constant at a value of around 0.05 M. Intracellular sodium and potassium concentrations were relatively low (around 0.5 and 0.3 M, respectively, at an external NaCl concentration of 1.8 M). The concentration of the novel compound Nα-carbamoyl glutamineamide was enhanced when l-glutamine was added to the growth medium, suggesting that glutamine served as a precursor for the synthesis of the compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248709
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clostridium lortetii sp. nov., a halophilic obligatory anaerobic bacterium producing endospores with attached gas vacuoles (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 136 (1983), S. 42-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Clostridium lortetii ; Endospores ; Gas vacuoles ; Butyric acid ; Fermentation ; Halophilic bacteria ; Dead Sea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A strain of Clostridium was isolated from Dead Sea sediment, differing from the previously described Clostridium types in its halophilic character. It required NaCl concentrations between 1 and 2 M, and optimal growth was found in 1.4–1.5 M NaCl at 30° C and in 1.7 M NaCl at 45° C. In sporulating cells gas vacuoles developed, generally near the developing terminal endospore only, and these vacuoles remained attached to the mature endospore after degeneration of the vegetative cell. Fermentation products included acetate, butyrate and hydrogen. Glucose and a few other carbohydrates stimulated growth, though they were poorly utilized. A new species name has been proposed for the organism: Clostridium lortetii.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00415608
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacteriorhodopsin in a bloom of halobacteria in the Dead Sea (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 130 (1981), S. 185-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bacteriorhodopsin ; Halobacterium ; Dead Sea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A dense bloom of red halobacteria developed in the Dead Sea in the summer 1980, bacterial densities of up to 1.9 x107 cells ml-1 were observed. The population consisted of two types: pleomorphic, cup-shaped cells and rod-shaped cells. A high content of bacteriorhodopsin was found in the bloom (up to 0.4 nmol per mg protein). The rod-shaped Halobacterium was isolated and was shown to contain bacteriorhodopsin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411075
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unsaturated fatty acid composition and biosynthesis in Oscillatoria limnetica and other cyanobacteria (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 141 (1985), S. 138-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Oscillatoria limnetica ; Polyunsaturated fatty acids ; Anoxygenic photosynthesis ; Anaerobic growth ; Hydrophobicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A number of cyanobacteria showing a high degree of adaptation to life under reduced oxygen tensions as witnessed by their potency of facultative anoxygenic CO2 photoassimilation with sulfide as electron donor were found to lack polyunsaturated fatty acids in their lipids. Lack of polyunsaturated fatty acids was found in representatives of different taxonomic groups. One of the strains lacking polyenoic acids was Oscillatoria limnetica, which can alternatively grow acrobically or anaerobically with sulfide as electron donor. This organism was found to synthesize monounsaturated fatty acids by desaturation of their saturated counterparts, in the presence as well as in the absence of molecular oxygen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423274
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ectothiorhodospira marismortui sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic, moderately halophilic purple sulfur bacterium from a hypersaline sulfur spring on the shore of the Dead Sea (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 151 (1989), S. 524-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ectothiorhodospira marismortui sp. nov. ; Purple sulfur bacteria ; Sulfide ; Photoorganotrophic ; Anaerobic ; Halophilic ; 16S rRNA oligonucleotide catalog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A novel type of purple sulfur bacterium was isolated from a hypersaline sulfur spring on the shore of the Dead Sea. The cells of the isolate are irregularly rod-shaped or curved, and motile by means of a tuft of polar flagella. The photosynthetic system, containing bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series, is located on stacks of lamellar membranes in the cell cytoplasm. The organism can grow either photoautotrophically with sulfide as electron donor, which is oxidized via extracellular sulfur to sulfate, or photoheterotrophically, using acetate, succinate, fumarate, malate or pyruvate as carbon sources. The bacterium is obligately anaerobic, and requires a source of reduced sulfur for growth. The isolate is moderately halophilic, and grows optimally at NaCl concentrations between 3 and 8%, temperatures between 30 and 45°C, and neutral pH. 16S ribosomal RNA oligonucleotide cataloging suggests a close relationship to purple sulfur bacteria of the genus Ectothiorhodospira. As the isolate differs greatly from the described members of the genus Ectothiorhodospira, we describe the isolate as a new species, and propose the name Ectothiorhodospira marismortui sp. nov.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454869
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of oxygen on the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria limnetica (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 123 (1979), S. 311-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Photooxidation ; SOD ; Cyanobacteria ; Oscillatoria limnetica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Oscillatoria limnetica grown photoautotrophically under aerobic or anaerobic conditions contained a single superoxide dismutase (SOD) of identical electrophoretic mobility in both cases. Its activity was cyanide resistant and H2O2 sensitive, implicating Fe-SOD. The enzyme level was high in aerobically and low in anaerobically growing cells. Anaerobically grown cells were more sensitive than aerobic to photooxidation, as expressed by bleaching of phycocyanin and disintegration of the trichomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406667
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The divalent cation requirement of Dead Sea halobacteria (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 136 (1983), S. 184-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Halobacteria ; Magnesium tolerance ; Dead Sea bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pleomorphic Halobacterium strains isolated from the Dead Sea (H. volcanii, H. marismortui) require high concentrations of divalent cations (75 mM Mg2+) for growth. When suspended in medium containing less than 50 mM Mg2+ cells lose their native shape within minutes and become spherical. This occurs even at elevated sodium chloride concentrations. Concomitant with the morphological changes, a high mlecular weight component which is positive in Coomassie Brilliant Blue and in periodate Schiff stain is released into the surrounding medium. At divalent cation concentrations lower than 100 mM magnesium cells were shown to lose their viability and their ability to incorporate amino acids. The potency of different divalent cations or their combinations to enable growth and stabilize morphology and viability was studied. It is suggested that different mechanisms underlie the divalent cation requirement of the different functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409841
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