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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-07-12
    Description: During embryonic development, temporal and spatial cues are coordinated to generate a segmented body axis. In sequentially segmenting animals, the rhythm of segmentation is reported to be controlled by the time scale of genetic oscillations that periodically trigger new segment formation. However, we present real-time measurements of genetic oscillations in zebrafish embryos showing that their time scale is not sufficient to explain the temporal period of segmentation. A second time scale, the rate of tissue shortening, contributes to the period of segmentation through a Doppler effect. This contribution is modulated by a gradual change in the oscillation profile across the tissue. We conclude that the rhythm of segmentation is an emergent property controlled by the time scale of genetic oscillations, the change of oscillation profile, and tissue shortening.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soroldoni, Daniele -- Jorg, David J -- Morelli, Luis G -- Richmond, David L -- Schindelin, Johannes -- Julicher, Frank -- Oates, Andrew C -- 098025/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MC_UP_1202/3/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- WT098025MA/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 11;345(6193):222-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1253089.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany. Medical Research Council (MRC)-National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. ; Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nothnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany. ; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany. Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Fisica de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Pabellon 1, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina. ; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany. ; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany. Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 271 Animal Sciences, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. ; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany. Medical Research Council (MRC)-National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. aoates@nimr.mrc.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25013078" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Patterning/*genetics ; *Doppler Effect ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; *Periodicity ; Zebrafish/embryology/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: Northern Victoria Land is located at the boundary between an extended, presumably hot, region (West Antarctic Rift System) and the thick, possibly cold, East Antarctic craton. The style and timing of Tertiary deformation along with relationships with the magmatic activity are still unclear, and contrasting models have been proposed. We performed structural and morphotectonic analyses at the NE termination of northern Victoria Land in the Admiralty Mountains area, where the relationship between topography, tectonics, and magmatism is expected to be well pronounced. We found evidence of two subsequent episodes of faulting, occurring concurrently with the Neogene McMurdo volcanism. The first episode is associated with dextral transtension, and it is overprinted by extensional tectonics during the emplacement of large shield alkaline volcanoes. Upper mantle seismic tomography shows that the extensional regime is limited to regions overlying a low-velocity anomaly. We interpret this anomaly to be of thermal origin, and have tested the role of largescale upwelling on lithosphere deformation in the area. The results of this integrated analysis suggest that the morphotectonic setting of the region and the magmatism is likely the result of upwelling flow at the boundary between the cold cratonic and the hot stretched province (WARS), at work until recent time in this portion of the northern Victoria Land.
    Description: Published
    Description: TC4015
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Antarctica ; Admiralty Mountains ; Extensional Tectonics ; Mantle Upwelling ; Seismic Tomography ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Northern Victoria Land is located at the boundary between an extended, presumably hot, region (West Antarctic Rift System, WARS) and the thick, possibly cold East Antarctic craton. The style and timing of Tertiary deformation along with relationships with the magmatic activity are still unclear, and contrasting models have been proposed. We performed structural and morphotectonic analyses at the NE termination of northern Victoria Land in the Admiralty Mountains area, where the relationship between topography, tectonics and magmatism is expected to be well pronounced. We found evidence of two subsequent episodes of faulting, occurring concurrently with the Neogene Mc Murdo volcanism. The first episode is associated with dextral transtension and it is overprinted by extensional tectonics during the emplacement of large shield alkaline volcanoes. Upper mantle seismic tomography shows that the extensional regime is limited to regions overlying a low velocity anomaly. We interpret this anomaly to be of thermal origin, and have tested the role of large-scale upwelling on lithosphere deformation in the area. The results of this integrated analysis suggest that the morphotectonic setting of the region and the magmatism are likely the result of upwelling flow at the boundary between the cold cratonic and the hot stretched province (WARS), at work until recent time in this portion of the northern Victoria Land.
    Description: Programma Nazionale di Ricerca in Antartide (PNRA)
    Description: Submitted
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Antarctica ; Extensional tectonic ; Mantle upwelling ; Seismic Tomography ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: manuscript
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: We analyse P-wave traveltimes for the Mediterranean area, using both teleseismic and regional arrivals for shallow earthquakes reported in the Bulletins of the International Seismological Centre. We model delays between pairs of 0.5° × 0.5° cells, obtaining a detailed representation of the P traveltime heterogeneities. Examination of these anomalies shows the clear presence of geographically coherent patterns—consistent with known geological features—due to significant structure in the upper mantle. We present a scheme, based on an empirical heterogeneity correction (EHC) to P-wave traveltimes, to improve earthquake location. This method provides similar benefits to those of a location procedure based on ray tracing in a 3-D model, but it is simpler and computationally more efficient. The definition of the traveltime heterogeneity model, being based on a statistical procedure, bypasses most of the critical points and possible instabilities involved in model inversion. EHC relocation, applied to Mediterranean earthquakes, allows one to predict about 70 per cent of the estimated signal due to heterogeneity and produces epicentral and origin time-shifts of, respectively, 4.22 km and 0.35 s (rms). From a synthetic experiment, in which we use the proposed algorithm to retrieve known source locations, we estimate that the rms improvement achieved by the EHC relocation over a simpler, standard, 1-D location is more than 20 per cent for both epicentral mislocation and origin time-shifts.
    Description: Published
    Description: 232-254
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: earthquake location ; Mediterranean ; P waves ; traveltime ; upper mantle ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We study the upper mantle P wave velocity structure below the Euro-Mediterranean area, down to 1000 km depth, by seismic travel time tomography. We invert summary residuals constructed with both regional and teleseismic first arrival data reported by the International Seismological Centre (ISC) (1964–1995), introducing some alternative strategies in the travel time tomographic approach and a new scheme to correct teleseismic data for global mantle structure. Our high-resolution model PM0.5 is parameterized with three-dimensional (3-D) linear splines on a grid of nodes with 0.5 spacing in both horizontal directions and 50 km vertical spacing. We obtain about 26% root-mean-square (RMS) reduction of residuals by inversion in addition to roughly 31% reduction after summary rays formation and selection. Sensitivity analyses are performed through several test inversions to explore the resolution characteristics of the model at different spatial scales. The distribution of large-scale fast anomalies suggests that two different stages of a convection process presently coexist in very close regions. The mantle dynamics of western central Europe is dominated by blockage of subducted slabs at the 660 km discontinuity and ponding of seismically fast material in the transition zone. Contrarily, in the eastern Mediterranean, fast velocity material sinks into the lower mantle, suggesting that the flow of the cold downwelling here is not blocked by the 660 km discontinuity. On a smaller scale, the existence of tears in the subducted slab (lithospheric detachment) all along both margins of the Adriatic plate, as proposed by some authors, is not supported by our tomographic images.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: travel time ; body wave tomography ; upper mantle ; Europe-Mediterranean area ; Earth structure ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We tie together geological data, paleotectonic reconstruction, plate motion, and tomographic analysis to unravel the history of subduction and back arc extension of the eastern and central Mediterranean. In these two regions, extensional processes started contemporaneously, around 30 Myr ago, but with marked differences. In the eastern region, the Aegean basin opened slowly ( 1 cm/yr) behind a shallow dipping slab (40–45 ). The corresponding high-velocity anomaly extends inside the upper mantle and can be also followed in the midmantle down to a depth of at least 1500 km. Its descent into the midmantle initiated most probably during the Late Cretaceous, and the trench moved northeastward, following the path of the Eurasian plate and under the persistent push of the African plate. Conversely, in the central Mediterranean region, subduction initiated later, and the motion of the subducting slab is confined to the upper mantle, causing punctuated and rapid episodes of back arc extension (Provenc¸al and Tyrrhenian basins) behind a slab that dips steeply (75 ). We explore the causes that control how the slab subducted and interacted with the lower, more viscous part of the mantle.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: subduction ; Mediterranean ; mantle convection ; back-arc extension ; plate motion ; seismic tomography ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We devise and apply a method to account for the effect of the aspherical structure of the Earth in locating earthquakes. This technique relies upon the ability to detect the average structural signal present in the residuals between source and receiver and correct for this signal during location, using a phenomenological description that we call Empirical Heterogeneity Corrections (EHC). EHC are employed in the relocation of a large set of well-constrained teleseismic earthquakes selected among the events reported by the Bulletins of the International Seismological Centre 1964–1995. The rms length of EHC relocation vectors for these events is about 10ukm. The method is also tested against a selected set of ground-truth events, both earthquakes and explosions, whose locations are independently known by nonseismic means. The rms length of the mislocation vectors for the test events, compared to their original mislocation in the reference 1-D model SP6, is reduced in the EHC relocation by 17% for explosions and 12% for earthquakes. Our technique provides a successful alternative to the use of 3-D structural models, approximately reaching the same value of effectiveness in improving event location.
    Description: Published
    Description: 319-347
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Earthquake location ; P waves ; travel time ; teleseismic ; velocity anomaly ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We here exploit fundamental mode Rayleigh and Love seismic wave information and the high resolution satellite global gravity model GGM02C to obtain a 1° × 1° 3-D image of: (a) upper-mantle isotropic shear-wave speeds; (b) densities; and (c) density-vS coupling below the European plate (20°N–90°N) (40°W–70°E). The 3-D image of the density-vS coupling provides unprecedented detail of information on the compositional and thermal contributions to density structures. The accurate and high-resolution crustal model allows us to compute a reliable residual topography to understand the dynamic implications of our models. The correlation between residual topography and mantle residual gravity anomalies defines three large-scale regions where upper mantle dynamics produce surface expression: the East European Craton; the eastern side of the Arabian Plate; and the Mediterranean Basin. The effects of mantle convection are also clearly visible at: (1) the Eastern Sirt Embayment; (2) the West African Craton northern margins; (3) the volcanically active region of the Canarian Archipelago; (4) the northern edge of the Central European Volcanic Province; and (5) the Northeastern part of the Atlantic Ocean, between Greenland and Iceland. Strong connections are observed among areas of weak radial anisotropy and areas where the mantle dynamics show surface expression. Although both thermal and additional dependencies have been incorporated into the density model, convective down-welling in the mantle below the East European Craton is required to explain the strong correlation between the estimated negative mantle residual anomalies and the negative residual topography.
    Description: DATEC MERG-CT-2007-046522 and NERIES INFRAST-2.1-026130
    Description: Published
    Description: B09401
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Europe ; GRACE ; density-velocity scaling relationship ; dynamic topography ; surface waves ; upper mantle density ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.01. Composition and state ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.03. Gravity and isostasy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Northern Victoria Land is located at the boundary between an extended, presumably hot, region (West Antarctic Rift System) and the thick, possibly cold, East Antarctic craton. The style and timing of Tertiary deformation along with relationships with the magmatic activity are still unclear, and contrasting models have been proposed. We performed structural and morphotectonic analyses at the NE termination of northern Victoria Land in the Admiralty Mountains area, where the relationship between topography, tectonics, and magmatism is expected to be well pronounced. We found evidence of two subsequent episodes of faulting, occurring concurrently with the Neogene McMurdo volcanism. The first episode is associated with dextral transtension, and it is overprinted by extensional tectonics during the emplacement of large shield alkaline volcanoes. Upper mantle seismic tomography shows that the extensional regime is limited to regions overlying a low-velocity anomaly.We interpret this anomaly to be of thermal origin, and have tested by means of numerical modelling the role of large-scale upwelling on lithosphere deformation in the area. The results of this integrated analysis suggest that the morphotectonic setting of the region and the magmatism result from upwelling flow at the boundary between the cold cratonic and the hot stretched province (WARS), at work until recent time in this portion of the northern Victoria Land
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: open
    Keywords: Antarctica ; Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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