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  • Semiconductors I: bulk  (6)
  • *Ecosystem  (3)
  • Biological Evolution  (2)
  • 1
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    Spectroscopic evidence for trap-dominated magnetic field effects in organic semiconductors (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-30
    Description: Author(s): M. Cox, M. H. A. Wijnen, G. A. H. Wetzelaer, M. Kemerink, P. W. M. Blom, and B. Koopmans Polaron traps are ubiquitous in organic semiconductors and recent evidence suggests they might be crucial for the large observed magnetic field effects (MFEs) in organic semiconductors. Here we measure MFEs in polymer thin-film devices with engineered, radiative trap sites in order to spectroscopica... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 155205] Published Wed Oct 29, 2014
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    ΔB mechanism for fringe-field organic magnetoresistance (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-24
    Description: Author(s): M. Cox, S. P. Kersten, J. M. Veerhoek, P. Bobbert, and B. Koopmans Fringe fields emanating from magnetic domain structures can give rise to magnetoresistance in organic semiconductors. In this article, we explain these magnetic-field effects in terms of a ΔB mechanism. This mechanism describes how variations in magnetic-field strength between two polaron hopping si... [Phys. Rev. B 91, 165205] Published Thu Apr 23, 2015
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
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    Anisotropic magnetoconductance in polymer thin films (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-24
    Description: Author(s): M. Cox, F. Zhu, J. M. Veerhoek, and B. Koopmans Understanding the fundamental spin-spin interactions occurring in organic semiconductors is currently an open problem. The authors take a step closer to a possible solution with this detailed investigation of anisotropic magnetic field effects occurring in polymer thin films. [Phys. Rev. B 89, 195204] Published Fri May 23, 2014
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Association of malaria parasite population structure, HLA, and immunological antagonism (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: Host-parasite coevolution has been likened to a molecular arms race, with particular parasite genes evolving to evade specific host defenses. Study of the variants of an antigenic epitope of Plasmodium falciparum that induces a cytotoxic T cell response supports this view. In African children with malaria, the variants present are influenced by the presence of a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type that restricts the immune response to this epitope. The distribution of parasite variants may be further influenced by the ability of cohabiting parasite strains to facilitate each other's survival by down-regulating cellular immune responses, using altered peptide ligand antagonism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilbert, S C -- Plebanski, M -- Gupta, S -- Morris, J -- Cox, M -- Aidoo, M -- Kwiatkowski, D -- Greenwood, B M -- Whittle, H C -- Hill, A V -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 20;279(5354):1173-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9469800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan/genetics/*immunology ; Biological Evolution ; Child ; Epitopes ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gambia ; Genes, Protozoan ; Genetic Variation ; HLA-B35 Antigen/*immunology ; Humans ; Ligands ; Malaria, Falciparum/*immunology/parasitology ; Models, Biological ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics/*immunology ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Increasing risk of Amazonian drought due to decreasing aerosol pollution (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-10
    Description: The Amazon rainforest plays a crucial role in the climate system, helping to drive atmospheric circulations in the tropics by absorbing energy and recycling about half of the rainfall that falls on it. This region (Amazonia) is also estimated to contain about one-tenth of the total carbon stored in land ecosystems, and to account for one-tenth of global, net primary productivity. The resilience of the forest to the combined pressures of deforestation and global warming is therefore of great concern, especially as some general circulation models (GCMs) predict a severe drying of Amazonia in the twenty-first century. Here we analyse these climate projections with reference to the 2005 drought in western Amazonia, which was associated with unusually warm North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs). We show that reduction of dry-season (July-October) rainfall in western Amazonia correlates well with an index of the north-south SST gradient across the equatorial Atlantic (the 'Atlantic N-S gradient'). Our climate model is unusual among current GCMs in that it is able to reproduce this relationship and also the observed twentieth-century multidecadal variability in the Atlantic N-S gradient, provided that the effects of aerosols are included in the model. Simulations for the twenty-first century using the same model show a strong tendency for the SST conditions associated with the 2005 drought to become much more common, owing to continuing reductions in reflective aerosol pollution in the Northern Hemisphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cox, Peter M -- Harris, Phil P -- Huntingford, Chris -- Betts, Richard A -- Collins, Matthew -- Jones, Chris D -- Jupp, Tim E -- Marengo, Jose A -- Nobre, Carlos A -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 8;453(7192):212-5. doi: 10.1038/nature06960.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK. p.m.cox@exeter.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18464740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerosols/*analysis ; Atlantic Ocean ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Disasters/history/*statistics & numerical data ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollution/*statistics & numerical data ; *Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Models, Theoretical ; Pacific Ocean ; Probability ; Rain ; Seasons ; South America ; Temperature ; Trees/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Impact of changes in diffuse radiation on the global land carbon sink (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-28
    Description: Plant photosynthesis tends to increase with irradiance. However, recent theoretical and observational studies have demonstrated that photosynthesis is also more efficient under diffuse light conditions. Changes in cloud cover or atmospheric aerosol loadings, arising from either volcanic or anthropogenic emissions, alter both the total photosynthetically active radiation reaching the surface and the fraction of this radiation that is diffuse, with uncertain overall effects on global plant productivity and the land carbon sink. Here we estimate the impact of variations in diffuse fraction on the land carbon sink using a global model modified to account for the effects of variations in both direct and diffuse radiation on canopy photosynthesis. We estimate that variations in diffuse fraction, associated largely with the 'global dimming' period, enhanced the land carbon sink by approximately one-quarter between 1960 and 1999. However, under a climate mitigation scenario for the twenty-first century in which sulphate aerosols decline before atmospheric CO(2) is stabilized, this 'diffuse-radiation' fertilization effect declines rapidly to near zero by the end of the twenty-first century.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mercado, Lina M -- Bellouin, Nicolas -- Sitch, Stephen -- Boucher, Olivier -- Huntingford, Chris -- Wild, Martin -- Cox, Peter M -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 23;458(7241):1014-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07949.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK. lmme@ceh.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerosols/analysis/chemistry ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Carbon/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; *Darkness ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Photosynthesis/*radiation effects ; Plants/metabolism/*radiation effects ; Sulfates/metabolism ; *Sunlight ; Volcanic Eruptions
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Cryptic sex-ratio bias provides indirect genetic benefits despite sexual conflict (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-06
    Description: When selection favors sexual dimorphism, high-fitness parents often produce low-fitness progeny of the opposite sex. This sexual conflict is thought to overwhelm the genetic benefits of mate choice because preferred males incur a cost through the production of low-fitness daughters. We provide a counterpoint in a lizard (Anolis sagrei) that exhibits sexual conflict over body size. By using mate-choice experiments, we show that female brown anoles produce more sons than daughters via large sires but more daughters than sons via small sires. Measures of progeny fitness in the wild suggest that maximal fitness payoffs can be achieved by shifting offspring production from daughters to sons as sire size increases. These results illustrate how the resolution of sexual conflict can restore the genetic benefits of mate choice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cox, Robert M -- Calsbeek, Ryan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 2;328(5974):92-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1185550. Epub 2010 Mar 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. robert.m.cox@dartmouth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Female ; *Genetic Fitness ; Lizards/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*physiology ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Ratio ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Agriculture. Increased food and ecosystem security via perennial grains (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glover, J D -- Reganold, J P -- Bell, L W -- Borevitz, J -- Brummer, E C -- Buckler, E S -- Cox, C M -- Cox, T S -- Crews, T E -- Culman, S W -- DeHaan, L R -- Eriksson, D -- Gill, B S -- Holland, J -- Hu, F -- Hulke, B S -- Ibrahim, A M H -- Jackson, W -- Jones, S S -- Murray, S C -- Paterson, A H -- Ploschuk, E -- Sacks, E J -- Snapp, S -- Tao, D -- Van Tassel, D L -- Wade, L J -- Wyse, D L -- Xu, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 25;328(5986):1638-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1188761.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Land Institute, Salina, KS 67401, USA. glover@landinstitute.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576874" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*methods ; Breeding ; *Crops, Agricultural/economics/genetics/growth & development/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Edible Grain/economics/genetics/growth & development/physiology ; *Food Supply ; Sunlight
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Traps and trions as origin of magnetoresistance in organic semiconductors (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-03
    Description: Author(s): M. Cox, P. Janssen, F. Zhu, and B. Koopmans The large effect of a small magnetic field on the current, magnetoconductance (MC), in organic semiconductors—so-called organic magnetoresistance—has puzzled the field of organic spintronics during the last decade. Although the microscopic mechanisms regarding spin mixing are well understood by now,... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 035202] Published Tue Jul 02, 2013
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
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    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
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    Large magnetic field effects in electrochemically doped organic light-emitting diodes (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-05
    Description: Author(s): S. van Reenen, S. P. Kersten, S. H. W. Wouters, M. Cox, P. Janssen, B. Koopmans, P. A. Bobbert, and M. Kemerink Large negative magnetoconductance (MC) of ∼12% is observed in electrochemically doped polymer light-emitting diodes at sub-band-gap bias voltages ( V bias ). Simultaneously, a positive magnetoefficiency (Mη) of 9% is observed at V bias = 2 V. At higher bias voltages, both the MC and Mη diminish while a ... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 125203] Published Wed Sep 04, 2013
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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