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  • 1
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    Host defense mechanisms triggered by microbial lipoproteins through toll-like receptors (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: The generation of cell-mediated immunity against many infectious pathogens involves the production of interleukin-12 (IL-12), a key signal of the innate immune system. Yet, for many pathogens, the molecules that induce IL-12 production by macrophages and the mechanisms by which they do so remain undefined. Here it is shown that microbial lipoproteins are potent stimulators of IL-12 production by human macrophages, and that induction is mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Several lipoproteins stimulated TLR-dependent transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase and the production of nitric oxide, a powerful microbicidal pathway. Activation of TLRs by microbial lipoproteins may initiate innate defense mechanisms against infectious pathogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brightbill, H D -- Libraty, D H -- Krutzik, S R -- Yang, R B -- Belisle, J T -- Bleharski, J R -- Maitland, M -- Norgard, M V -- Plevy, S E -- Smale, S T -- Brennan, P J -- Bloom, B R -- Godowski, P J -- Modlin, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):732-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Anges, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10426995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Cell Line ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interleukin-12/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Lipoproteins/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Macrophages/*immunology/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Monocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*immunology ; NF-kappa B/biosynthesis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/genetics ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Induction of direct antimicrobial activity through mammalian toll-like receptors (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-27
    Description: The mammalian innate immune system retains from Drosophila a family of homologous Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that mediate responses to microbial ligands. Here, we show that TLR2 activation leads to killing of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis in both mouse and human macrophages, through distinct mechanisms. In mouse macrophages, bacterial lipoprotein activation of TLR2 leads to a nitric oxide-dependent killing of intracellular tubercle bacilli, but in human monocytes and alveolar macrophages, this pathway was nitric oxide-independent. Thus, mammalian TLRs respond (as Drosophila Toll receptors do) to microbial ligands and also have the ability to activate antimicrobial effector pathways at the site of infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thoma-Uszynski, S -- Stenger, S -- Takeuchi, O -- Ochoa, M T -- Engele, M -- Sieling, P A -- Barnes, P F -- Rollinghoff, M -- Bolcskei, P L -- Wagner, M -- Akira, S -- Norgard, M V -- Belisle, J T -- Godowski, P J -- Bloom, B R -- Modlin, R L -- AI 07118/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 22553/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 47868/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AR 40312/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 23;291(5508):1544-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Dermatology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11222859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/immunology ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/immunology/pharmacology ; Ligands ; Lipoproteins/*immunology ; Macrophage Activation ; Macrophages/immunology/metabolism/*microbiology ; Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology/metabolism/microbiology ; Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology/metabolism/microbiology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Monocytes/immunology/metabolism/*microbiology ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/growth & development/*immunology ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Immunology. Chip shots--will functional genomics get functional? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Modlin, R L -- Bloom, B R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 26;294(5543):799-801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Dermatology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. rmodlin@mednet.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11679655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Candida albicans/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/immunology ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genomics ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Influenza A virus/immunology ; Ligands ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Mannans/immunology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; RNA, Double-Stranded/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Use of genetic profiling in leprosy to discriminate clinical forms of the disease (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-13
    Description: Leprosy presents as a clinical and immunological spectrum of disease. With the use of gene expression profiling, we observed that a distinction in gene expression correlates with and accurately classifies the clinical form of the disease. Genes belonging to the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family were significantly up-regulated in lesions of lepromatous patients suffering from the disseminated form of the infection. In functional studies, LIR-7 suppressed innate host defense mechanisms by shifting monocyte production from interleukin-12 toward interleukin-10 and by blocking antimicrobial activity triggered by Toll-like receptors. Gene expression profiles may be useful in defining clinical forms of disease and providing insights into the regulation of immune responses to pathogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bleharski, Joshua R -- Li, Huiying -- Meinken, Christoph -- Graeber, Thomas G -- Ochoa, Maria-Teresa -- Yamamura, Masahiro -- Burdick, Anne -- Sarno, Euzenir N -- Wagner, Manfred -- Rollinghoff, Martin -- Rea, Thomas H -- Colonna, Marco -- Stenger, Steffen -- Bloom, Barry R -- Eisenberg, David -- Modlin, Robert L -- AI 07118/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 22553/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 47868/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AR 40312/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 12;301(5639):1527-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12970564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Cluster Analysis ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Cytokines/genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunity, Innate ; Leprosy, Lepromatous/*classification/*genetics/immunology/physiopathology ; Leprosy, Tuberculoid/*classification/*genetics/immunology/physiopathology ; Macrophages, Alveolar/microbiology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/growth & development/immunology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Principal Component Analysis ; Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology ; Receptors, Immunologic/genetics/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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