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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3)
  • Carbohydrates  (2)
  • Cyanohydrins  (2)
  • Diastereoselective addition  (2)
  • (R)-2-Hydroxy aldehydes, O-protected  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 553-559 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Diastereoselective addition ; 1-(Methacryloyl)proline derivatives ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Amino Acids, 15. - Diastereoselective Addition of Thiocarboxylic Acids to 1-(Methacryloyl)proline and-prolinol DerivativesThiocarboxylic acids 6 add to 1-(methacryloyl)-substituted proline and prolinol derivatives stereoselectively to give the 1-[3-(acylthio)-2-methylpropionyl]proline and -prolinol derivatives 7,7′ and 9. The less soluble (2S,2′R)-diastereomers are obtained in optical yields ≥ 98% by digestion of the crude products, the configuration of which was determined by acid hydrolysis of (2S,2′R)-7,7′ to (R)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropionic acid [(R)-8]. The stereoselectivity of the additions may be explained by a sevenmembered ring intermediate with an intramolecular H bridge, to which the S-nucleophiles add preferentially to give the compounds with the (2′R)-configuration.
    Notes: Thiocarbonsäuren 6 addieren stereoselektiv mit hohen optischen Ausbeuten an 1-(Methacryloyl)-substituierte Prolin- und Prolinol-Derivate zu den 1-[3-(Acylthio)-2-methylpropionyl]prolin-und -prolinol-Derivaten 7,7′ und 9. Durch Digerieren der Rohprodukte mit Diethylether werden die schwerer löslichen (2S,2′R)-Diastereomeren in optischen Ausbeuten ≥98% erhalten, deren Konfiguration durch Acidolyse von (2S,2′R)-7,7′ zu (R)-3-Mercapto-2-methylpropansäure [(R)-8] bewiesen wurde. Die Stereoselektivität der Additionen wird über einen Siebenring mit intramolekularer H-Brücke als Zwischenstufe, an die Schwefelnucleophile bevorzugt unter Bildung der (2′R)-Konfiguration addieren, gedeutet.
    Additional Material: 10 Tab.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 545-551 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Diastereoselective addition ; 1-Acryloylproline esters ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Amino Acids, 14. - Diastereoselective Addition of Benzenesulfenyl Chloride to 1-Acryloylproline Esters(S)-Proline esters (S)-1 react with acryloyl chloride (2) to give 1-acryloylproline esters (S)-3 in good yields. Addition of benzenesulfenyl chloride (6) to (S)-3 at -95°C in dichloromethane results in 1-[2-chloro-3-(phenylthio)propionyl]proline esters (2S,2′R/2S,2′S)-7. The diastereoselectivity of the addition depends on the conformer ratio 3′/3″ of the starting material (S)-3. The diastereomers are separated by MPLC. Configuration at C-2′ of the resulting main products (2S,2′S)-7 was proved by independent synthesis. The diastereoselectivity of the addition of 6 to (S)-3 is interpreted to result from formation of a complex of the benzenesulfenyl cation with the proline ester group and subsequent electrophilic addition to a thiiranium intermediate B with (2S,2′R) configuration; the (2S,2′S) diastereomeric adduct 7 then results by nucleophilic attack of chloride at C-2′ under ring opening.
    Notes: Die 1-Acryloylprolinester (S)-3 werden durch N-Acylierung der Prolinester (S)-1 mit Acryloylchlorid (2) in guten Ausbeuten hergestellt; sie addieren Benzolsulfenylchlorid (6) bei -95°C in Dichlormethan mit hoher Diastereoselektivität zu 1-[2-Chlor-3-(phenylthio)propionyl]prolinestern (2S,2′R/2S,2′S)-7, die mittels MPLC getrennt werden. Die Diastereoselektivität der Addition hängt vom Konformerenverhältnis 3′/3″ der Edukte (S)-3 ab. Der Beweis der Konfiguration an C-2′ der als Hauptprodukte anfallenden Diastereomeren (2S,2′S)-7 wird durch eine unabhängige Synthese erbracht. Die Diastereoselektivität der Addition von 6 an (S)-3 wird über eine Komplexbildung des Phenylsulfenylkations mit der Prolinestergruppe und eine sich anschließende elektrophile Reaktion zu einer Thiiranium-Zwischenstufe B mit (2S,2-R)-Konfiguration gedeutet; das (2S,2′S)-diastereomere Additionsprodukt 7 entsteht dann durch nucleophilen Angriff des Chlorids an C-2′ unter Ringöffnung.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1651-1659 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: (R)-2-Hydroxy aldehydes, O-protected ; Hydrocyanation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of O-Protected (R)-2-Hydroxy Aldehydes and Their HydrocyanationThe synthesis of O-silyl- and O-benzyl-protected (R)-2-hydroxy aldehydes (R)-6 from (R)-2-hydroxy carboxylic acids (R)-1 is described. While attempts for their diastereoselective hydrocyanation with hydrocyanic acid and (R)-oxynitrilase as catalyst have not been successful, the cyano silylation with trimethylsilyl cyanide occurred diastereoselectively with a ratio of 81 : 19 preferring the threo form without racemization at C-2 of the 2-hydroxy aldehyde.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1992 (1992), S. 1297-1301 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: 5-Thiopentulofuranose ; 6-Thiohexulopyranose ; Rabbit muscle aldolase (RAMA) ; Yeast transketolase ; Carbohydrates ; Enzymes ; Transketolase ; Aldolase ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions, 14.  -  Stereoselective Synthesis of Thiosugars from Achiral Starting Compounds by EnzymesA novel synthesis for thiosugars starting from achiral compounds by using enzymes as catalysts is described. 5-Thio-D-threo-2-pentulofuranose (4), for example, is prepared either by the RAMA (rabbit muscle aldolase)-catalyzed reaction of mercaptoacetaldehyde (1b) with dihydroxyacetonephosphate (2) or by the yeast transketolase-catalyzed reaction of 2-hydroxy-3-mercaptopanal (R/S)-6 with lithium 3-hydroxypyruvate (9). 6-Thio-D-arabino-2-hexulopyranose (8a) and 6-thio-L-xylo-2-hexulopyranose (8b) are obtained by the RAMA-catalyzed reaction of racemic (R/S)-6 with 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1991 (1991), S. 269-273 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: 2-Amino alcohols ; Cyanohydrins ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions, 8. - Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Amino Alcohols from (R)- and (S)-Cyanohydrinserythro-2-Amino alcohols (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-4 may be synthesized stereoselectively by addition of Grignard compounds to cyanohydrins (R)-, (S)-1 and their O-trimethylsilyl derivatives 3, respectively, followed by hydrogenation. The threo-2-amino alcohols (1S,2S)- and (1R,2R)-4 are easily accessible by inversion at C-1 of the (1R,2S) and (1S,2R) compounds.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1992 (1992), S. 1211-1212 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Fagomine ; Enzymes ; Transketolase ; Carbohydrates ; Yeast transketolase ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions, 13.  -  A New, Efficient Synthesis of Fagomine2-Deoxy-L-threo-5-hexulosonitrile (4) is obtained in excellent chemical yield by yeast transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1)-catalyzed reaction of racemic 3-hydroxy-4-oxobutyronitrile [(R/S)-2] with lithium hydroxypyruvate (3). Catalytic hydrogenation of 4 exclusively gives fagomine (7).
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 33 (1994), S. 1555-1564 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Asymmetric synthesis ; Biotransformations ; Cyanohydrins ; Amino alcohols ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyanohydrins have always held a place of importance both as technical products and as reagents in organic chemistry. It is surprising, therefore, that optically active Cyanohydrins have been extensively investigated and employed for syntheses relatively recently. This can be explained by the fact that only in the past few years have enzymatic methods made chiral Cyanohydrins readily available in high optical purity. Chiral Cyanohydrins are widespread in nature in the form of the respective glycosides and serve roughly 3000 plants and many insects as antifeedants. For the preparative organic chemist, this class of compounds offers an enormous synthetic potential for making other chiral compounds accessible. In a few instances, the pharmacological principle of a drug also incorporates a chiral cyanohydrin as constitutive structural element. In the development of novel, physiologically active compounds all possible stereo-isomers must be synthesized and investigated with respect to their activity range and the pathway of their metabolic transformations and/or degradation. The development of simple synthetic procedures for such compounds, which also entail a high degree of stereoselectivity, therefore has prime importance. To this end chiral Cyanohydrins may serve as stereochemically pure starting materials.In the present review, the following topics will be addressed: enantioselective addition of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), catalysed by the enzymes (R)-and (S)-oxynitrilase, to aldehydes and Ketones yielding (R) and (S) cyanohydrins, respectivity; enantioselective addition of HCN to aldehydes catalyzed by cyclic dipeptides; enantioselective esterification of racemic ocyanohydrins and enantioselective hydrolysis of cyanohydrin esters caytalyzed by lipases and esterases, reprectively; transformation of the nitrile groups of chiral cyanohydrins to provide optically active α-hydroxycarboxylic acids, aldehydes, and ketones, as well as 2-amino alcohols; sulfonylation of the OH group of chiral cyanohydrins to furnish optically active α-sulfonyloxynitriles which undergo SN2 displacement of the activated OH group yielding α-azido-, α-amino, and α-fluoronitriles with inverted configuration.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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