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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dealing with congestion from a regional perspective The case of Massachusetts (1989)
    Springer
    Transportation 16 (1989), S. 197-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: transportation congestion ; demand management ; transportation planning ; land use ; growth management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Traffic congestion has received considerable public and media attention over the past several years. However, many of the transportation and land use actions offered to deal with the congestion phenomenon focus only on a specific site or at most a subregion of the metropolitan area. This paper argues that congestion in many cases is an areawide phenomenon requiring consideration from a regional and programmatic viewpoint. A ten-point congestion-relief program developed for eastern Massachusetts is described. Actions in this program included those aimed to mitigate current congestion and avoid future congestion through land use management. Four policy areas are emphasized - providing transportation system improvements, managing transportation demand, managing land use, and managing the institutional and funding framework. The paper concludes that because of the political nature of the congestion problem, the congestion-relief program's importance lies more in the message it sends to the public that programmatic action is being taken. The paper also concludes that a regional approach is necessary thus requiring close examination of existing institutions, that demand management is an important component of the strategy, that the private sector has an important role to play, and that the long-term effectiveness of the program relates to the success of attempts to “institutionalize” efforts into zoning and permit procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00165769
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parking policy and urban goals: Linking strategy to needs (1982)
    Springer
    Transportation 11 (1982), S. 131-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Parking management strategies have traditionally been used as a means of accommodating traffic demand, with little or no effort made to identify how such strategies might relate to other urban objectives. In this paper, parking management strategies are classified according to the control they exert over the amount of aggregate parking supply, access to parking, spatial distribution of parking supply, or dollar price of parking. Six general categories of urban policy objectives are identified, and the relationship between parking strategies and these objectives analyzed. The parking program in Baltimore is used to illustrate some of the relationships identified in this analysis. This paper concludes that the linkage between parking and the attainment of some urban objectives is potentially quite strong, and that further empirical research is needed to fully establish this relationship. Several different directions for further research are also identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167928
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Public/private-sector cooperation in urban transportation: Lessons from ridesharing experiences in Connecticut (1982)
    Springer
    Transportation 11 (1982), S. 235-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract An important characteristic of urban transportation policy and planning today is the increasing role that the private sector is playing in identifying and implementing transportation projects. For example, a recent examination of the possible forms of such involvement found that there were four major categories of action that could be used to classify recent private-sector efforts in urban transportation: (1) aid to and/or provision of transportation services; (2) formation of advocacy or advisory groups whose purpose is to influence public policy; (3) sponsorship of transportation studies; and (4) provision of management assistance to public agencies (Gordon, 1982). In many of these efforts, the successful implementation of a project or program required close cooperation between public and private-sector officials. The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of this interaction and explore the implications for transportation planning and policy. Examples of public/private-sector interaction in two Connecticut cities, Hartford and Stamford, are used to illustrate the characteristics of successful transportation program implementation. Although the examples are limited to two cities, and are mainly concerned with one major category of action (ridesharing), the characteristics of the process used and of the results can be applied to other situations where public/privatesector interaction is desired.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172651
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1983)
    Springer
    Transportation 11 (1983), S. 387-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00150727
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trianguläre interpolation (1984)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Mathematik 97 (1984), S. 287-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5081
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Triangular interpolation problems (problems with biorthogonal polynomial sequence) are studied. Convergence of the corresponding interpolation series is investigated. It is shown that the interpolation polynomials form a basis in appropriate nuclear Fréchet spaces. The results are applied to the interpolation of weighted remainders and the Abel-Gončarov interpolation problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02349627
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are the characteristics of betanidin glucosyltransferases from cell-suspension cultures of Dorotheanthus bellidiformis indicative of their phylogenetic relationship with flavonoid glucosyltransferases? (1997)
    Springer
    Planta 203 (1997), S. 349-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Betacyanin ; Dorotheanthus (cell culture) ; Flavonoid ; Glucosyltransferase (substrate specificity)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Uridine 5′-diphosphoglucose:betanidin 5-O- and 6-O-glucosyltransferases (5-GT and 6-GT; EC 2.4.1) catalyze the regiospecific formation of betanin (betanidin 5-O-β-glucoside) and gomphrenin I (betanidin 6-O-β-glucoside), respectively. Both enzymes were purified to near homogeneity from cell-suspension cultures of Dorotheanthus bellidiformis, the 5-GT by classical chromatographic techniques and the 6-GT by affinity dye-ligand chromatography using UDP-glucose as eluent. Data obtained with highly purified enzymes indicate that 5-GT and 6-GT catalyze the indiscriminate transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose to hydroxyl groups of betanidin, flavonols, anthocyanidins and flavones, but discriminate between individual hydroxyl groups of the respective acceptor compounds. The 5-GT catalyzes the transfer of glucose to the C-4′ hydroxyl group of quercetin as its best substrate, and the 6-GT to the C-3 hydroxyl group of cyanidin as its best substrate. Both enzymes also catalyze the formation of the respective 7-O-glucosides, but to a minor extent. Although the enzymes were not isolated to homogeneity, chromatographic, electrophoretic and kinetic properties proved that the respective enzyme activities were based on the presence of single enzymes, i.e. 5-GT and 6-GT. The N terminus of the 6-GT revealed high sequence identity to a proposed UDP-glucose:flavonol 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UF3GT) of Manihot esculenta. In addition to the 5-GT and 6-GT, we isolated a UF3GT from D. bellidiformis cell cultures that preferentially accepted myricetin and quercetin, but was inactive with betanidin. The same result was obtained with a UF3GT from Antirrhinum majus and a flavonol 4′-O-glucosyltransferase from Allium cepa. Based on these results, the main question to be addressed reads: Are the characteristics of the 5-GT and 6-GT indicative of their phylogenetic relationship with flavonoid glucosyltransferases?
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050201
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aspects of the mechanism of catalysis of glucose oxidase: A docking, molecular mechanics and quantum chemical study (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of computer aided molecular design 12 (1998), S. 425-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4951
    Keywords: enzyme mechanism ; flavoenzyme ; force field ; ligand docking ; QM/MM ; semiempirical calculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The complex structure of glucose oxidase (GOX) with the substrate glucose was determined using a docking algorithm and subsequent molecular dynamics simulations. Semiempirical quantum chemical calculations were used to investigate the role of the enzyme and FAD co-enzyme in the catalytic oxidation of glucose. On the basis of a small active site model, substrate binding residues were determined and heats of formation were computed for the enzyme substrate complex and different potential products of the reductive half reaction. The influence of the protein environment on the active site model was estimated with a point charge model using a mixed QM/MM method. Solvent effects were estimated with a continuum model. Possible modes of action are presented in relation to experimental data and discussed with respect to related enzymes. The calculations indicate that the redox reaction of GOX differs from the corresponding reaction of free flavins as a consequence of the protein environment. One of the active site histidines is involved in substrate binding and stabilization of potential intermediates, whereas the second histidine is a proton acceptor. The former one, being conserved in a series of oxidoreductases, is also involved in the stabilization of a C4a-hydroperoxy dihydroflavin in the course of the oxidative half reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008020124326
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C–H...O and C–H...N interactions in RNA structures (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 101 (1999), S. 103-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Key words: RNA structure ; C ; H...X interactions ; Hydrogen bonds ; Statistical analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. Small molecule studies indicate that C–H...X interactions (X: O,N) constitute weak H-bonds. We have performed a comprehensive analysis of their occurrence and geometry in RNA structures. Here, we report on statistical properties of the total set of interactions identified and discuss selected motifs. The distance/angle distribution of all interactions exhibits an excluded region where the allowed C–H...X angle range increases with an increasing H...X distance. The preferred short C–H...X interactions in RNA are backbone-backbone contacts between neighbour nucleotides. Distance/angle distributions generated for various interaction types can be used for error recognition and modelling. The axial C2′(H)...O4′ and C5′(H)...O2′ interactions connect two backbone segments and form a seven-membered ring that is specific for RNA. An AA base pair with one standard H-bond and one C–H...N interaction has been identified in various structures. Despite the occurrence of short C–H...X contacts their free energy contribution to RNA stability remains to be assessed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002140050415
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic monogamy in the common loon (Gavia immer) (1997)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 41 (1997), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Loon ; Parentage ; DNA fingerprinting monogamy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We conducted behavioral observations and genetic analysis on breeding pairs of common loons in the upper Great Lakes region from 1993 through 1995 to look for behavioral evidence of extrapair copulations (EPCs) and to determine parentage of young. Pairs remained close to each other (usually within 20 m) during the pre-laying period, leaving little opportunity for EPCs to occur. Males and females both maintained physical proximity by approaching each other when they became separated. Copulations were obvious but infrequent, occurring about once every other day during the pre-laying period. Multilocus DNA fingerprinting was consistent with behavioral findings: 58 young from 47 different families were all genetic offspring of parents that raised them. Perfect genetic monogamy (genetic parentage of young by parents that rear them) in loons might arise as a consequence of the need for vigorous territorial defense to prevent territorial takeover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050360
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium-binding proteins in the retina of a calbindin-null mutant mouse (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 292 (1998), S. 211-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Calbindin ; Parvalbumin ; Calretinin ; Neurofilament protein ; Calmodulin-like protein ; Mouse [calbindin null mutant ( ; / ; )]
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Calcium-binding proteins are abundantly expressed in many neurons of mammalian retinae. Their physiological roles are, however, largely unknown. This is particularly true for calcium-modulating proteins (“calcium buffers”) such as calbindin D28k. Here, we have studied retinae of wildtype (+/+) and calbindin-null mutant (–/–) mice by using immunocytochemical methods. Although calbindin immunoreactivity was completely absent in the calbindin (–/–) retinae, those cells that express the protein in wildtype retinae, such as horizontal cells, were still present and appeared normal. This was verified by immunostaining horizontal cells for various neurofilament proteins. In order to assess whether other calcium-binding proteins are upregulated in the mutant mouse and may thus compensate for the loss of calbindin, mouse retinae were also immunolabeled for parvalbumin, calretinin, and a calmodulin-like protein (CALP). In no instance could a change in the expression pattern of these proteins be detected by immunocytochemical methods. Thus, our results show that calbindin is not required for the maintenance of the light-microscopic structure of the differentiated retina and suggest roles for this protein in retinal function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051052
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