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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 86 (1999), S. 457-467 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: MyoD/myogenin genes and neural key genes (e.g., achaete scute-C, neurogenin), are switched on which control entire sets of subordinate effector genes. In multiplying cells "cell heredity" based on an epigenetic cellular memory enables transmission of the cell type determining program from parental to daughter cells. This memory can be based on autocatalytic self-activation of cell type specific selector genes and on the enduring action of gene groups such as the Polycomb and thrithorax complexes that code for proteins which bind to DNA sequences called cellular memory modules. These modules confer permanent accessibility (potentiation) or inaccessibility (silencing) upon many different gene loci on the chromosomes.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 61 (1974), S. 455-455 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 63 (1976), S. 45-46 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 64 (1977), S. 96-97 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 195 (1986), S. 513-518 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Regeneration ; Distal transformation ; Cell ; aggregation ; Cnidaria ; Hydractinia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Polyps of mature colonies of Hydractinia echinata obey the “rule of distal transformation” by regenerating heads but not stolons. However, this rule is not valid for young polyps as these regenerate stolons from proximal cut ends. Also, small cell aggregates and even small fragments excised from full-grown polyps are capable of stolon formation. Aggregates produced from dissociated cells undergo either distal or proximal transformation depending on their size, speed of head regeneration in the donor used for dissociation and the positional derivation of the cells. The latent capability of stolon formation is released under conditions that cause loss of morphogens and depletion of their sources. However, internal regulative processes can also lead to gradual proximal transformation: regenerating segments of polyps sometimes form heads at both ends and the distal pattern is duplicated. Subsequently, all sets of proximal structures, including stolons, are intercalated. In contrast to distal transformation, proximal transformation is a process the velocity of which declines with the age and size of the cell community.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 170 (1972), S. 152-164 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Wirkung von SH- und SS-Gruppen beeinflussenden Reagenzien auf die Morphogenese wurde am Beispiel regenerierender adulter Nährpolypen und bei der Larvenmetamorphose untersucht. Die Hauptwirkung der Agentien besteht, sofern sie über eine allgemeine Schädigung hinausgeht, in der Auslösung und Verstärkung basaler Differenzierung. 2. Bei Larven, die sich in der Metamorphose befinden, führt Inkubation mit dem SS-reduzierenden Reagens Dithioerythrit (0.12–0.25 mM) zu einer Verlängerung des subtentakulären Polypenabschnitts. Dimercaptopropanol (0.19 mM) verstärkt, wie auch einige andere Thiol-Reagenzien, spezifisch die Stolobildung und es wachsen stark verbreiterte Stolone aus. Unter dem Einfluß des SH-Gruppen oxidierenden Kosower-Reagens „Diamide“ entwickeln die Larven eine übermäßig vergrößerte Hydrorhiza, die sich von Anfang an als geschlossene Stolonenplatte ausbreitet. (Die Fusion der Stolone zur geschlossenen Platte geschieht normalerweise in einer späteren Phase der Stockentwicklung). Eine Korrelation zwischen den rH-Werten und den besonderen morphogenetischen Einflüssen war nicht zu erkennen. 3. Gemäß diesen „vegetativisierenden“ Einflüssen auf die Metamorphose lösen die applizierten Thiol-Reagenzien bei regenerierenden Polypen die Entwicklung basaler Strukturen und Eigenschaften aus. Während unbehandelte Polypen verlorene basale Teile nicht ergänzen, können nach Behandlung mit Dithioerythrit, Dimercaptopropanol und Diamide Stiele und Stolone auswachsen. Diamide und vor allem Dimercaptopropanol führen jedoch in den meisten Fällen zu einer vollständigen Umdifferenzierung der ganzen Polypen. Ohne ihre äußeres Erscheinungsbild zu ändern, wandeln sie sich in Riesenstolone um, die eine Peridermhülle ausscheiden, Sekundärpolypen knospen und freie Stolone aussprossen lassen. 4. Ähnliche Effekte wurden nach partieller tryptischer Dissoziation des Gewebes beobachtet. Da alle Reagenzien zumindestens in höherer Dosis zur Trennung von Ekto- und Endoderm und zu einer teilweisen Dissoziation führen, wird vermutet, die Verstärkung basaler Entwicklung und die Umpolarisierung des Differenzierungszustandes werde durch eine Änderung der Zellaffinitäten und der Zellmembraneigenschaften verursacht.
    Notes: Summary 1) The influence of reagents affecting SH or SS groups on morphogenesis has been studied in metamorphosing larvae and in regenerating adult hydranths. The thiol challenges evoke and enhance predominantly the differentiation of basal structures. 2) In larvae undergoing metamorphosis the SS-reducing agent Dithioerythrit (0.12–0.25 mM) brings about a prolongation of the subtentacular part of the body column. Dimercaptopropanol (0.19 mM), among other thiol challenges, enhances specifically stolonization giving rise to highly enlarged stolons. Under the influence of the oxidizing Kosower reagent Diamide (0.075–0.15 mM) transforming larvae develop a hypertrophied hydrorhiza which grows as a closed stolon-plate from the outset. In this way the primary polyps prematurely acquire the developmental state of sexual colonies. A correlation between the rH-values and the particular morphogenetic influences could not be established. 3) According to these “vegetalizing” influences on metamorphosis the thiol challenges cause regenerating hydranths to engage, in contrast to untreated controls, in differentiation of basal structures. The hydranths develop, though only in few cases, basal structures (stalks, stolons), whereas basal parts normally are never restored. In most cases, however, Diamide and especially dimercaptopropanol impose stolonial properties on hydranths as a whole. Such hydranths transform into giant stolons and secrete a periderm without first changing their outward appearance. Thus their state of differentiation becomes totally repolarized. 4) Tryptic dissociation exerts similar effects. Since all thiol reagents, at least in high doses, lead to the separation of the ectoderm and endoderm and to a partial dissociation of the tissue, it is suggested that the enhancement of basal development and the repolarization of the state of differentiation might be due to changes in cell adhesiveness and membrane properties.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 18 (1980), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Summary The rare earth radionuclides177Lu and153Sm were administered as single i.p. injections in NMRI mice. Lu was deposited principally (up to 60%) in the skeleton if the quantity of stable carrier was low. Increase of stable carrier enhanced deposition in the reticulo-endothelial system. Sm was preferentially deposited in the liver; the liver deposits were further increased by the addition of stable Sm. Liver doses of between 75 and 150 Gy, resulting from a single injection of153Sm together with 2 mg/kg stable carrier, led to severe lesions in the liver five months after treatment. Administration of177Lu resulting in skeletal doses of between 28 and 224 Gy was found to be osteosarcomogenic. Up to 40% osteosarcoma incidence was obtained in animals with 56 and 112 Gy doses in the skeleton. Skeletal doses of this order of magnitude are also known to be osteosarcomogenic when given as90Sr injections. The analogous situation withα-emitters is discussed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 10 (1973), S. 267-272 
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Summary The turnover of47Ca and224 Ra was studied in callus of both tibiae and bone samples of knees, femora, vertebral column and skull byγ-spectrometric measuring methods. These measurements have been correlated with histological andα-autoradiographic studies. Both radionuclides showed a sharp increase of retention in the fracture callus 5 to 10 days after fracturing. This effect was much greater for47Ca than for224Ra. Eadiotoxic consequences are discussed for224Ra.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 11 (1975), S. 309-318 
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Summary 227Th (α-emitter, half-life 18.7 days) was inhaled by rats from solution in nitrate form. Organ doses were calculated after whole body measurements and measuring of activity concentrations in the organs over a longer incorporation period. An initial deposition of 100 nCi227Th in the lung resulted in mean total doses of 150 rad in lung and 36 rad in bone. The data for kidney and liver were 2 rad and 0.1 rad, respectively. For long-term experiments two dosages were applied to two groups of animals with mean values of 900 rad and 300 rad in the lung. The consequences for lung and bone tumor induction are discussed.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 23 (1984), S. 113-115 
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Conclusion Combined incorporation of different bone seekers can result in additive and more than additive effect concerning the incidence of bone tumours, provided that the initial dose rate was not too high. According to the multistage theory of carcinogenesis the short-term initial dose and dose rate may be considered as an initiating event and the following long-term low-level irradiation as a promoting agent.
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