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  • Halobacterium  (3)
  • Canopy turbulence  (2)
  • Springer  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacteriorhodopsin in a bloom of halobacteria in the Dead Sea (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 130 (1981), S. 185-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bacteriorhodopsin ; Halobacterium ; Dead Sea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A dense bloom of red halobacteria developed in the Dead Sea in the summer 1980, bacterial densities of up to 1.9 x107 cells ml-1 were observed. The population consisted of two types: pleomorphic, cup-shaped cells and rod-shaped cells. A high content of bacteriorhodopsin was found in the bloom (up to 0.4 nmol per mg protein). The rod-shaped Halobacterium was isolated and was shown to contain bacteriorhodopsin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411075
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling Vegetation-Atmosphere Co2 Exchange By A Coupled Eulerian-Langrangian Approach (2000)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 95 (2000), S. 91-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Keywords: Canopy turbulence ; Lagrangian stochastic model ; Turbulence closure ; Canopy photosynthesis ; Carbon dioxide ; Radiation attenuation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A Eulerian-Lagrangian canopy microclimate model wasdeveloped with the aim of discerning physical frombiophysical controls of CO2 and H2O fluxes. The model couples radiation attenuation with mass,energy, and momentum exchange at different canopylevels. A unique feature of the model is its abilityto combine higher order Eulerian closure approachesthat compute velocity statistics with Lagrangianscalar dispersion approaches within the canopy volume. Explicit accounting for within-canopy CO2,H2O, and heat storage is resolved by consideringnon-steadiness in mean scalar concentration andtemperature. A seven-day experiment was conducted inAugust 1998 to investigate whether the proposedmodel can reproduce temporal evolution of scalar(CO2, H2O and heat) fluxes, sources andsinks, and concentration profiles within and above auniform 15-year old pine forest. The modelreproduced well the measured depth-averaged canopy surfacetemperature, CO2 and H2O concentrationprofiles within the canopy volume, CO2 storageflux, net radiation above the canopy, and heat andmass fluxes above the canopy, as well as the velocitystatistics near the canopy-atmosphere interface. Implications for scaling measured leaf-levelbiophysical functions to ecosystem scale are alsodiscussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002473906184
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the red coloration of saltern crystallizer ponds. II. Additional evidence for the contribution of halobacterial pigments (1994)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 3 (1994), S. 9-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: solar salterns ; Halobacterium ; Dunaliella ; bacterioruberin ; β-carotene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract In a previous paper we attempted to assess the contribution of red bacteria of theHalobacterium — Haloferax — Haloarcula group and of the β-carotene-rich green algaDunaliella salina to the red colour of saltern crystallizer ponds. By means of light absorption measurements, we showed that bacterioruberin contained in the bacteria was mainly responsible for the colour of the brines, in spite of the fact that β-carotene derived fromDunaliella was the pigment present in the greatest amount. This apparent discrepancy was explained by the very smallin vivo optical cross-section of β-carotene, which is densely packed in globules inside theD. salina cells. We recently observed that the centrifugation technique used in the previous study to collect biomass from the ponds was unsuitable for this type of measurements, as a substantial part of theDunaliella cells present did not sediment upon centrifugation due to the low specific gravity caused by the high β-carotene content. Therefore similar measurements were performed with biomass collected by filtration. Again,in vivo absorption spectra were dominated by the absorption peaks of bacterioruberin. The results reported here show that, in spite of the methodological problem associated with the earlier study, all views and conclusions expressed in our earlier paper retain their validity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01990638
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the halophilic archaeal community in saltern crystallizer ponds by means of polar lipid analysis (1994)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 3 (1994), S. 15-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: solar salterns ; Haloferax ; Haloarcula ; Halobacterium ; square bacteria ; glycolipids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Saltern crystallizer ponds are coloured red due to the presence of dense communities of red halophilic archaea (family Halobacteriaceae). Little quantitative information exists on the species distribution within the archaeal community in such ponds. As the different genera of the Halobacteriaceae differ in polar lipid content, and especially in the types of glycolipids, lipid analysis can be used to obtain information on the nature of the organisms present. Analysis of the polar lipids extracted from the biomass collected from the saltern crystallizer ponds in Eilat, Israel, showed one major glycolipid to be present, co-chromatographing with the sulfated diglycosyl diether lipid characteristic of the genusHaloferax. No indications were found for the presence of significant amounts of those glycolipids that would indicate the presence of large numbers of other archaea such asHalobacterium species (H. cutirubrum andH. salinarium, characterized by sulfated triglycosyl and tetraglycosyl diethers), orHaloarcula species (possessing a triglycosyl diether). Phosphatidyl glycerosulfate, a polar lipid absent inHaloferax species, was present in the lipid extract from the crystallizer ponds, suggesting that the dominant microorganism present may be related to strains which are presently classified in the genusHalobacterium but are awaiting a taxonomic reappraisal (H. sodomense, H. saccharovorum, andH. trapanicum). Organisms of the latter group are characterized by sulfated diglycosyl diethers, and the presence of phosphatidyl glycerosulfate. Attempts to isolate the dominant type of bacterium on agar plates yielded relatively low counts (1–2 orders of magnitude lower than the numbers observed microscopically) of bacteria, and most of the isolates had a polar lipid composition characteristic of theH. salinarium group or theH. sodomense-H. saccharovorum-H. trapanicum group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01990639
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial Variability of Turbulent Fluxes in the Roughness Sublayer of an Even-Aged Pine Forest (1999)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 93 (1999), S. 1-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Keywords: Canopy turbulence ; Moving equilibrium hypothesis ; Planar homogeneity ; Roughness sublayer ; Spatial variability ; Turbulent fluxes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The spatial variability of turbulent flow statistics in the roughness sublayer (RSL) of a uniform even-aged 14 m (= h) tall loblolly pine forest was investigated experimentally. Using seven existing walkup towers at this stand, high frequency velocity, temperature, water vapour and carbon dioxide concentrations were measured at 15.5 m above the ground surface from October 6 to 10 in 1997. These seven towers were separated by at least 100m from each other. The objective of this study was to examine whether single tower turbulence statistics measurements represent the flow properties of RSL turbulence above a uniform even-aged managed loblolly pine forest as a best-case scenario for natural forested ecosystems. From the intensive space-time series measurements, it was demonstrated that standard deviations of longitudinal and vertical velocities (σu, σw) and temperature (σT) are more planar homogeneous than their vertical flux of momentum (u* 2) and sensible heat (H) counterparts. Also, the measured H is more horizontally homogeneous when compared to fluxes of other scalar entities such as CO2 and water vapour. While the spatial variability in fluxes was significant (〉15 %), this unique data set confirmed that single tower measurements represent the ‘canonical’ structure of single-point RSL turbulence statistics, especially flux-variance relationships. Implications to extending the ‘moving-equilibrium’ hypothesis for RSL flows are discussed. The spatial variability in all RSL flow variables was not constant in time and varied strongly with spatially averaged friction velocity u*, especially when u* was small. It is shown that flow properties derived from two-point temporal statistics such as correlation functions are more sensitive to local variability in leaf area density when compared to single point flow statistics. Specifically, that the local relationship between the reciprocal of the vertical velocity integral time scale (Iw) and the arrival frequency of organized structures (ū/h) predicted from a mixing-layer theory exhibited dependence on the local leaf area index. The broader implications of these findings to the measurement and modelling of RSL flows are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002079602069
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