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  • Phytophthora infestans  (4)
  • Yeast  (3)
  • Anther dimensions  (2)
  • Springer  (9)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Yarrowia lipolytica LEU2 gene (1987)
    Springer
    Current genetics 11 (1987), S. 377-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Y. lipolytica ; LEU2 ; Yeast ; Leucine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A 2810 by DNA fragment containing the beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase gene of the dimorphic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has been sequenced. The sequence contains an open reading frame of 405 codons, predicting a protein of 43,366 molecular weight. Protein sequence homology with the polypeptide encoded by the LEU2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 64%, whereas DNA sequence homology is 61%. The 5′- and 3′-flanking regions of the Y. lipolytica LEU2 gene share only some general structural features common to genes of S. cereviside such as the presence and location of TATA boxes, CAAT boxes, CACACA repeats, the lack of G residues in the 5′-untranslated region and 3′-transcription terminators. Transcription of a 1.4 kb mRNA begins at a small cluster of sites approximately 40 base pairs before the initial ATG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378180
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic and environmental variation in anther, pollen and pistil dimensions in sesame (1996)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 9 (1996), S. 228-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Male transmission ; Anther dimensions ; Pollen dimensions ; Pistil dimensions ; Sesame ; Sesamum indicum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of anther (length, width, depth), pollen grain (percent fertility, polar diameter, equatorial diameter, polar diameter/equatorial diameter ratio, volume) and pistil (stigma length, style length, ovary length, total pistil length, stigma width, style width, ovary width) were taken on 12 diverse sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes on each of four collection dates in 1994. Highly significant differences among genotype means were obtained for all characters except polar diameter. Highly significant differences among environment (collection date) means were found for ten of the 15 characters measured. Highly significant genotype x environment interactions were obtained for all characters except anther length. For the anther characters measured, relatively high repeatability values were found, ranging from 99.8% for length to 87.6% for depth. For the pollen grain characters measured, the repeatability values ranged from 67.6% for percent fertility to 23.1% for polar diameter. For the pistil characters measured, the repeatability values ranged from 94.0% for style width to 49.6% for total pistil length. These results indicate that genotype and environment influence anther, pollen grain and pistil characters. Variation in some of these morphological aspects could influence the consistency and interpretation of male transmission studies on both the applied and evolutionary levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02173103
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic and environmental variation in anther, pollen and pistil dimensions in sesame (1996)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 9 (1996), S. 228-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Key words Male transmission ; Anther dimensions ; Pollen dimensions ; Pistil dimensions ; Sesame ; Sesamum indicum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Measurements of anther (length, width, depth), pollen grain (percent fertility, polar diameter, equatorial diameter, polar diameter/equatorial diameter ratio, volume) and pistil (stigma length, style length, ovary length, total pistil length, stigma width, style width, ovary width) were taken on 12 diverse sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes on each of four collection dates in 1994. Highly significant differences among genotype means were obtained for all characters except polar diameter. Highly significant differences among environment (collection date) means were found for ten of the 15 characters measured. Highly significant geno- type × environment interactions were obtained for all characters except anther length. For the anther characters measured, relatively high repeatability values were found, ranging from 99.8% for length to 87.6% for depth. For the pollen grain characters measured, the repeatability values ranged from 67.6% for percent fertility to 23.1% for polar diameter. For the pistil characters measured, the repeatability values ranged from 94.0% for style width to 49.6% for total pistil length. These results indicate that genotype and environment influence anther, pollen grain and pistil characters. Variation in some of these morphological aspects could influence the consistency and interpretation of male transmission studies on both the applied and evolutionary levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004970050036
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aromatic amino-acid biosynthesis inCandida albicans: identification of theARO4 gene encoding a second DAHP synthase (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 441-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Aromatic amino-acid biosynthesis ; 3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase ; Aro3p/Aro4p ; 5-fluoroorotic acid ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The primary step in the aromatic amino-acid biosynthetic pathway inSaccharomyces cerevisiae is catalyzed by two redundant isozymes of 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase, either of which alone is sufficient to permit growth on synthetic complete media lacking aromatic acids (SC-Aro). The activity of one isozyme (encoded by theARO3 gene) is feedback-inhibited by phenylalanine, whereas the activity of the other isozyme (encoded by theARO4 gene) is feedback-inhibited by tyrosine. Transcription of both genes is controlled by GCN4. We previously cloned theARO3 gene from the opportunistic pathogenCandida albicans and found that: (1) it can complement anaro3 aro4 double mutation inS. cerevisiae, an effect inhibited by excess phenylalanine; and (2) its expression is induced in response to amino-acid deprivation, consistent with the presence of two putative GCN4-responsive promoter elements (Pereira and Livi 1993, 1995). To determine whether other DAHP synthases exist inC. albicans, we have constructed a homozygousaro3-deletion mutant strain. Such a mutant was found to be phenotypically Aro+, i.e., capable of normal growth on SC-Aro media, suggesting the presence of at least one additional isozyme. To confirm this result, a 222-bp DNA fragment was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from genomic DNA prepared from the homozygousaro3-deletion mutant, using a degenerate primer based on a conserved N-terminal region of Aro3p plus a degenerate comeback primer encoding a conserved region of the protein that lies within the deleted portion of the gene. The nucleotide sequence of this PCR fragment predicts a 74-amino acid DAHP synthase-related protein which shows strong homology to Aro3p fromS. cerevisiae andC. albicans, but even greater homology (78% identity) toS. cerevisiae Aro4p. We conclude that cells ofC. albicans contain a second Aro4p-related DAHP synthase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02221512
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aromatic amino-acid biosynthesis in Candida albicans: identification of the ARO4 gene encoding a second DAHP synthase (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 29 (1996), S. 441-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words  Aromatic amino-acid biosynthesis ; 3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase ; Aro3p/Aro4p ; 5-fluoroorotic acid ; Yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   The primary step in the aromatic amino-acid biosynthetic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is catalyzed by two redundant isozymes of 3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase, either of which alone is sufficient to permit growth on synthetic complete media lacking aromatic acids (SC-Aro). The activity of one isozyme (encoded by the ARO3 gene) is feedback-inhibited by phenylalanine, whereas the activity of the other isozyme (encoded by the ARO4 gene) is feedback-inhibited by tyrosine. Transcription of both genes is controlled by GCN4. We previously cloned the ARO3 gene from the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans and found that: (1) it can complement an aro3 aro4 double mutation in S. cerevisiae, an effect inhibited by excess phenylalanine; and (2)  its expression is induced in response to amino-acid deprivation, consistent with the presence of two putative GCN4-responsive promoter elements (Pereira and Livi 1993, 1995). To determine whether other DAHP synthases exist in C. albicans, we have constructed a homozygous aro3-deletion mutant strain. Such a mutant was found to be phenotypically Aro+, i.e., capable of normal growth on SC-Aro media, suggesting the presence of at least one additional isozyme. To confirm this result, a 222-bp DNA fragment was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from genomic DNA prepared from the homozygous aro3-deletion mutant, using a degenerate primer based on a conserved N-terminal region of Aro3p plus a degenerate comeback primer encoding a conserved region of the protein that lies within the deleted portion of the gene. The nucleotide sequence of this PCR fragment predicts a 74-amino acid DAHP synthase-related protein which shows strong homology to Aro3p from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans, but even greater homology (78% identity) to S. cerevisiae Aro4p. We conclude that cells of C. albicans contain a second Aro4p-related DAHP synthase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050069
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection of independent Ds transposon insertions in somatic tissue of potato by protoplast regeneration (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 503-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Ac/Ds transposon tagging ; Somatic selection ; Hygromycin ; Phytophthora infestans ; R1 resistance gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Potato is an autotetraploid crop plant that is not very amenable to the deployment of transposon tagging for gene cloning and gene identification. After diploidisation it is possible to get potato genotypes that grow well, but they are self-incompatible. This prevents the production of selfed progeny that are normally used in gene tagging approaches to select for parental lines with the target gene to be tagged in a homozygous stage. We describe here an alternative selection method for directed transposon tagging for a gene of interest in a heterozygous background. Diploid potato plants with a Ds transposon linked to the desired gene of interest (the Phytophthora infestans R1 resistance locus) in a heterozygous stage were used for the development of this directed transposon tagging strategy. After crossing to a diploid Ac transposon-containing genotype, 22 ’interesting’ seedlings (R1Ds/r–; Ac/–) were selected that showed active Ds transposition as displayed by DNA blot hybridisation, empty donor site PCR and sequencing. Protoplast isolation and the use of the hygromycin gene as a cell-specific selection marker of Ds excision enabled the direct selection of Ds excision sectors in these highly chimaeric seedlings. This somatic selection of Ds transpositions and the regeneration through protoplasts resulted in the development of a large population of almost 2000 hygromycin-resistant plants. Southern blot analysis confirmed the insertion of Ds at independent positions in the genome. Every selected plant displayed independent Ds excisions and re-insertions due to the expression of the Ac transposase throughout development. This population, which is developed from seedlings with the desired R1 gene in a heterozygous stage, is directly useful for searching for transposon-tagged R1 mutants. In general, this approach for selecting for somatic transpositions is particularly suitable for the molecular isolation of genes in a heterozygous crop like potato.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051509
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic localisation of transformation competence in diploid potato (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 557-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Phytophthora infestans ; Transposable element ; Transformation competence ; Linkage analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the course of improving diploid potato genotypes for transformation ability, selection for specific components affecting regeneration and transformation was carried out. From a segregating population between two good regenerating clones a selection was made to yield an optimal well-transforming and fertile genotype J92-6400-A16. This plant yielded predominantly diploid transformants and was heterozygous for the gene R1, conferring resistance to Phytophthora infestans. The speed of, and competence for, regeneration and transformation on both sides of the stem explant were improved. A competence factor for tranformation was found to be linked with the R1 locus and a molecular marker on chromosome 5. The male fertility of transformants was frequently decreased to a great extent, whereas female fertility was not so markedly affected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223279
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Segregation analysis and RFLP mapping of the R1 and R3 alleles conferring race-specific resistance to Phytophthora infestans in progeny of dihaploid potato parents (1994)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 242 (1994), S. 749-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Potato ; Solanum tuberosum ; Phytophthora infestans ; RFLP ; R genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is the most important fungal pathogen of the potato (Solanum tuberosum). The introduction of major genes for resistance from the wild species S. demissum into potato cultivars is the earliest example of breeding for resistance using wild germplasm in this crop. Eleven resistance alleles (R genes) are known, differing in the recognition of corresponding avirulence alleles of the fungus. The number of R loci, their positions on the genetic map and the allelic relationships between different R variants are not known, except that the R1 locus has been mapped to potato chromosome V The objective of this work was the further genetic analysis of different R alleles in potato. Tetraploid potato cultivars carrying R alleles were reduced to the diploid level by inducing haploid parthenogenetic development of 2n female gametes. Of the 157 isolated primary dihaploids, 7 set seeds and carried the resistance alleles R1, R3 and R10 either individually or in combinations. Independent segregation of the dominant R1 and R3 alleles was demonstrated in two F1 populations of crosses among a dihaploid clone carrying R1 plus R3 and susceptible pollinators. Distorted segregation in favour of susceptibility was found for the R3 allele in 15 of 18 F1 populations analysed, whereas the RI allele segregated with a 1:1 ratio as expected in five F1 populations. The mode of inheritance of the R10 allele could not be deduced as only very few F1 hybrids bearing R10 were obtained. Linkage analysis in two F1 populations between R1, R3 and RFLP markers of known position on the potato RFLP maps confirmed the position of the R1 locus on chromosome V and localized the second locus, R3, to a distal position on chromdsome XI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283432
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Race specific resistance against Phytophthora infestans in potato is controlled by more genetic factors than only R-genes (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 90 (1996), S. 331-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: potato ; Solanum tuberosum ; Phytophthora infestans ; R-genes ; suppressor ; late blight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary For RFLP mapping of R-genes, determining resistance to specific races of Phytophthora infestans in tetraploid potato, it is necessary to develop well segregating populations at the 2x level. During mapping studies, evidence was obtained that more genetic factor(s) are involved in the expression of R-genes than conventionally believed. Two experiments are described in which such an additional genetic factor was suppressing or enhancing the expression of unknown R nand R ifactors. R nand R iappeared to be present in the investigated plant material, containing R4 and R10, or in one of the susceptible crossing parents. In a third experiment, the expression and the segregation of the well known R1 gene was influenced by an additional genetic factor. In that case there were indications for a dominant suppressor. This was established by the selection of susceptible plants carrying a RFLP allele of probe GP21 closely linked to R1. In three of the four F1 populations, resulting from crosses between such susceptible plants and susceptible tester plants, resistnat progenies were found. The resistance appeared to be R1-specific. This clearly indicates that in three of the four investigated susceptible plants, the R1 gene was still present but not expressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027484
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