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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    OR spectrum 12 (1990), S. 155-161 
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Algorithmus entwickelt, der die Zahl von Biegungen in einem Fließband minimiert. Der Algorithmus kann mit vorhandenen Layoutplanungsmethoden kombiniert werden.
    Notes: Summary An Algorithm to minimize the number of bends in a production line is developed. This algorithm can be combined with existing methods to lay out industrial plants.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Acaru ; Tetranychidae ; Mononychellus progresivus ; Oligonychus gossypii ; biological ; demographic parameters ; cassava
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of five constant temperatures (16, 22, 26, 31 and 36°C) on biological (survival and duration of developmental stages, fecundity and longevity of females, sex-ratio) and demographic parameters (R o , G, r m and λ) of the two main phytophagous mites that attack cassava in Africa,Mononychellus progresivus Doreste andOligonychus gossypii (Zacher), was studied in the laboratory. Experiments were performed simultaneously on the two mite species reared on the same cassava variety (1M20) under controlled conditions: 70±10% r.h. and 12L∶12D. The lower thermal threshold was 13°C forM. progresivus and 11°C forO. gossypii. Both species developed in the range from 22 to 36°C. The shortest development time was obtained at 31°C for both species; it was 7.2 days forM. progresivus and 8.2 days forO. gossypii. Maximum fecundity of both species was recorded at 26°C with 42.1 eggs forM. progresivus and 36.3 eggs forO. gossypii The highest intrinsic rate of increase (r m ) was obtained at 31°C for both species with 0.289 and 0.214 forM. progresivus andO. gossypii, respectively.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 16 (1973), S. 123-134 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé A la suite d'une étude morphologique concluant à l'homogénéité d'un grand nombre de prélèvements de Tetranychus neocaledonicus, dans plusieurs régions de la zone intertropicale, les auteurs proposent 3 séries d'expériences portant sur la physiologie et la compatibilité de quelques souches de ce taxon. La première série d'essais, porte sur la comparaison de la longévité et de la fécondité de femelles fécondées ou non, appartenant à 4 souches prélevées à Madagascar et à une souche originaire de Louisiane (U.S.A.). Pour ces souches élevées dans des conditions identiques, les femelles fécondées pondent davantage et vivent moins longtemps que les femelles vierges. Les graphiques fournis et les tests statistiques employés, montrent que suivant leur appartenance à l'une des 5 souches, les femelles étudiées ont une longévité propre et présentent du point de vue de la reproduction, des différences très nettes. La seconde série d'expériences a pour but de vérifier la compatibilité entre les différentes souches malgaches précédentes, aussi bien entre elles qu'avec la souche Louisiane “white eye”, marquée génétiquement et dérivant de la souche Louisiane précédente. Un croisement a été également tenté entre une souche de T. neocaledonicus et une souche de T. urticae. Huit croisements ont été ainsi réalisés avec chaque fois le croisement réciproque. La composition des F1, F2 et F3 est analysée. Une très forte agressivité des mâles à l'égard des jeunes femelles est chaque fois constatée. Le croisement de T. neocaledonicus avec T. urticae n'entraîne aucune hybridation. Entre les souches de T. neocaledonicus il y a formation de femelles, dans l'un des 2 sens au moins mais les femelles produites en F1 se révèlent stériles dans 5 cas sur 12 et peu de souches semblent vraiment compatibles au-delà de la F3. Finalement, les différences entre les souches du point de vue physiologique et les incompatibilités génétiques, amènent les auteurs à considérer qu'il y a, en fait, plusieurs espèces d T. neocaledonicus devant être groupées en un complexe. Ces croisements permettent aussi de remarquer, que l'abaissement de la longévité des femelles fécondées, dépend étroitement du taux de fécondation des œufs. La troisième série d'expériences tente d'expliquer l'augmentation de la production d'œufs chez les femelles fécondées. Les pontes des 14 premiers jours de vie, de femelles de la souche Lousiane fécondées ou non, sont comparées à celles de femelles fécondées, par des mâles de la même souche, irradiés aux rayons X ou par des mâles de T. urticae. La technique d'élevage employée ici permet l'intervention de plusieurs mâles. L'analyse de la F1 et la quantité d'œufs produits à la suite du croisement avec les mâles de T. urticae, prouvent que l'augmentation de la ponte est dûe à un phénomène indépendant du taux de fécondation des œufs. Les auteurs signalent, en conclusion, que les incompatibilités entre les différentes souches de T. neocaledonicus pourraient être utilisées en lutte biologique par voie génétique, mais que la stérilisation des mâles aux rayons X, obtenue au cours de la dernière série d'expériences, aboutit aux mêmes résultats et paraît plus sûre.
    Notes: Abstract Five populations of Tetranychus neocaledonicus, collected in various biotopes from different plants, were studied in order to become informed about variation in this species. It appeared that all strains differed with respect to longevity and fecundity. Crossings resulted in incompatibility, hybrid inviability, hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown. It is suggested that the great interpopulational variation as found in T. neocaledonicus is a consequence of the haplo-diploid system. An important difference in longevity and fecundity between mated and unmated females has been stated for all strains. Outcrosses with males from another species indicated that it is not the fertilization, but the insemination only which induces the enhanced fecundity in T. neocaledonicus. Irradiated males appeared to be able to inseminate females effectively, resulting in the prevention of viable diploid offspring.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Compartmental complexes ; Schiff Bases ; 5-[1-(N-β-benzylaminoethylimine)]-1-phenyl-1,3,5-hexanetrione
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über die Synthese und Charakterisierung von zwei neuen Liganden, die durch Kondensation von Benzoylacetylaceton und N-Benzylethylendiamin im Molverhältnis 1:1 und 1:2 entstehen, sowie über die Bildung einiger ihrer Metallkomplexe berichtet. DieSchiffsche Base1 (1:1) ist ein potentieller tetradentater, zur Bildung von Zweikernkomplexen geeigneter Ligand, der über zwei benachbarte Koordinationsbereiche NNO(X) (X=Cl, NO3) und OO(XY) verfügt, wobeiX undY exogene Donoratome repräsentieren. Die Reaktion von1 mit PdCl 4 2− gibt den planarquadratischen Einkernkomplex3a, dessen Metallion von einer NNO-Umgebung und Cl− koordiniert ist. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse von3a zeigt, daß durch die Koordination des Pd-Ions kein Raum für die Koordination eines zweiten Metallions mit OO(Y, Y)-Umgebung zur Verfügung steht. Vielmehr kommt es zur Ausbildung einer Wasserstoffbrückenbindung, dessen Proton durch eine typische “weiche Säure”, wie Pd2+, nicht verdrängt wird.1 reagiert mit Ni(II)- und Cu(II)-nitrat, wobei wieder nur einkernige Komplexe (3b, c) entstehen (X=NO3). DieSchiffsche Base4 ist ein potentieller Ligand für Zweikernkomplexe.4 entsteht als zweikerniger Hg(II)-Komplex5 bei der Umsetzung von Benzoylaetylaceton und dem Amin in Gegenwart von HgCl2.
    Notes: Summary The synthesis and characterization of two new ligands derived from the 1:1 and 1:2Schiff base condensation of benzoylacetylacetone with N-benzylethylenediamine as well as some of their metal complexes are reported. The 1:1Schiff base1 is a potential tetradentate, binucleating ligand with two adjacent coordination sites NNO(X) (X=Cl, NO3) and OO(XY), whereX andY are exogenic donor atoms. The reaction of1 with PdCl 4 2− affords a mononuclear, square-planar complex3a with the metal atom coordinated to the NNO site of1 and to Cl−. The X-ray structure of this complex shows that the coordination of the Pd atom by an NNO (Cl) moiety reduces the available space in OO(XY) site for coordinating another metal atom; moreover, the small distance between the two oxygen atoms of the “hard base” site OO(XY) suggests the presence of hydrogen bonding and therefore this proton is not easily displaced by a typical soft acid such as Pd2+. When the same ligand reacts with Ni(II) or Cu(II) nitrates, again only mononuclear complexes3b and3c are obtained with the same donor atoms as for the Pd(II) complex but withX=NO3. The 1:2Schiff base4, a potentially binucleating ligand with two non-equivalent coordination sites NNO(X), was not isolated as a free ligand. However, it gave the binuclear Hg(II) complex5 by the reaction of benzoylacetylacetone and N-benzylethylenediamine in the presence of HgCl2.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 75 (2000), S. 299-306 
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. Given Banach spaces E and F, we denote by ${\cal P}(^k\! E,F)$ the space of all k-homogeneous (continuous) polynomials from E into F, and by ${\cal P}_{\mathop {\rm wb}\nolimits }(^k\! E,F)$ the subspace of polynomials which are weak-to-norm continuous on bounded sets. It is shown that if E has an unconditional finite dimensional expansion of the identity, the following assertions are equivalent: (a) ${\cal P}(^k\! E,F) ={\cal P}_{\mathop {\rm wb}\nolimits }(^k\! E,F)$ ; (b) ${\cal P}_{\mathop {\rm wb}\nolimits}(^k\! E,F)$ contains no copy of c 0; (c) ${\cal P}(^k\! E,F)$ contains no copy of $\ell _\infty$ ; (d) ${\cal P}_{\mathop {\rm wb}\nolimits }(^k\! E,F)$ is complemented in ${\cal P}(^k\! E,F)$ . This result was obtained by Kalton for linear operators. As an application, we show that if E has Pełczyński's property (V) and satisfies ${\cal P}(^k\! E)={\cal P}_{\mathop {\rm wb}\nolimits }(^k\! E)$ then, for all F, every unconditionally converging $P\in {\cal P}(^k\! E,F)$ is weakly compact. If E has an unconditional finite dimensional expansion of the identity, then the converse is also true.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 25 (1981), S. 281-291 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Seasonality of conceptions in human populations in Chile was studied for a period of 30 years (1945–1974). Clear seasonal conception courses exist in the country, exception made of the northern and southern extremes. Seasonal flux is concentrated mainly in January, but also secondary increases in April and June were observed. Along the 30-year period a general pattern of decreasing seasonality is observed. Conception is significantly related to temperature and photoperiod in this country, the maximum rates of conceptions being observed in coincidence with the maximum temperatures and photoperiods. Nonclimatic factors which may be affecting seasonality of conceptions are also discussed.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 24 (1980), S. 199-202 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Colliguaya odorifera Mol. is the only species of the Chilean matorral which shows an active dispersion of its seeds (autochory). This mechanism is dependent on daily variation of temperatures. Other climatic variables (air humidity of vapor pressure deficit) appear as not having direct influences on seed dispersal.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 23 (1979), S. 311-329 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Temperature data for 42 Chilean locations were analysed and heat sums calculated (for base 5°C and 10°C). Also, the length, starting and ending dates of the growing seasons were obtained. Temperature values normally found in Chilean climatological records, i.e. monthly and annual means, were related with temperature accumulations. In Chile it is possible to predict the accumulation of temperature from the annual mean temperature (r=0.995, P〈.001, for base 5°C and r=0.984, P〈.001, for base 10°C) or from the mean monthly temperature of January. In this latter case, a good adjustment with an exponential curve is found (r=0.76, P〈0.001, base 5°C; r=0.78, P〈0.001, base 10°C). For Chile, temperature courses along the year were approximated by using a harmonic analysis. No significant differences were observed between predicted and observed values. By integrating these equations as a function of time, it is possible to determine both the accumulation of temperature and the length of growing seasons for different threshold temperatures. A significant relationship was found between these variables and the latitude, and gradients were also obtained. Differences exist between littoral and continental stations in the extension of growing seasons and the accumulation of temperatures.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 25 (1981), S. 161-165 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A southward tendency of increment in pod-length is shown for 11 populations ofAcacia caven (Mol.) Hook et Arn. localized along a climatic gradient of increasing annual rainfall in Chile. This fact would suggest thatA. caven populations occurring in the south are in better conditions for reproduction than northern populations, since pod-length is related to the amount of seeds inside the pods. The possible bearing of this southward tendency of increasing seed production upon the expansion ofA. caven toward the more humid zones in southern Chile is discussed.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract We investigated the possible inhibitory action ‘in vitro’ by antibiotic containing discs against microscopic alga that are potential human pathogens of the genus Prototheca especially P. wickerhamii. The results indicated that inhibitors in vitro included amicacin, colistin, dibecacin, framicetin, gentamycin, kanamycin, lividomycin, neomycin, polymyxin, paromomycin, ribostamycin, sisomycin and tobramycin. We emphasize the interest in the effectiveness at these drugs in a case of human protothecosis.
    Notes: Resumen Se investigó la posible acción inhibitoria ‘in vitro’ de antibióticos en disco sobre algas microscópicas, potencialmente patógenas para el hombre, del Género Prototheca y la especie P. wickerhamii. Se utilizó el método de disco-placa en medio de Agar de Saboureaud. Resultaron como inhibidores ‘in vitro’: Amikacina, Colistina, Dibekacina, Framicetina, Gentamicina, Kanamicina, Lividomicina, Neomicina, Polimixina, Paromomicina, Ribostamicina, Sisomicina y Tobramicina. Se destaca el interés del estudio de sensibilidad a estas drogas ante un caso de Protothecosis humana.
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