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1

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Mycorrhizal plants and fungi in the fog-free Pacific coastal desert of Chile (1995)

Dhillion, S. S. ; Vidiella, P. E. ; Aquilera, L. E. ; [et al.]

Springer

Mycorrhiza 5 (1995), S. 381-386

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ISSN: 1432-1890

Keywords: Key words Arid ; Endemic ; Mycorrhizae ; Chile ; Geophyte ; Symbionts

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The Chilean fog-free Pacific coastal desert, one of the driest desertic regions of the world, is undergoing rapid rates of desertification as a result of intensive agriculture, overgrazing and mining. There is an urgent need to document the mycorrhizal status of Chilean plants, and the role of the symbiosis in rehabilitation and preservation of species diversity. Here we present one of the first reports on the mycorrhizal status of annual and perennial herbs and shrubs from this region. Plants were collected during 1991 when rainfall was close to or above the annual average, providing the opportunity to asses several rare plant species. The plants examined included endemic species and endangered and rare geophytes. More than 90% of 38 species (19 families) were found to form exclusively arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associations. Six species of mycorrhizal fungi were isolated from the root zones of plants sampled, four of which are undescribed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050085

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2

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Mycorrhizal plants and fungi in the fog-free Pacific coastal desert of Chile (1995)

Dhillion, S. S. ; Vidiella, P. E. ; Aquilera, L. E. ; [et al.]

Springer

Mycorrhiza 5 (1995), S. 381-386

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ISSN: 1432-1890

Keywords: Arid ; Endemic ; Mycorrhizae ; Chile ; Geophyte ; Symbionts

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The Chilean fog-free Pacific coastal desert, one of the driest desertic regions of the world, is undergoing rapid rates of desertification as a result of intensive agriculture, overgrazing and mining. There is an urgent need to document the mycorrhizal status of Chilean plants, and the role of the symbiosis in rehabilitation and preservation of species diversity. Here we present one of the first reports on the mycorrhizal status of annual and perennial herbs and shrubs from this region. Plants were collected during 1991 when rainfall was close to or above the annual average, providing the opportunity to asses several rare plant species. The plants examined included endemic species and endangered and rare geophytes. More than 90% of 38 species (19 families) were found to form exclusively arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associations. Six species of mycorrhizal fungi were isolated from the root zones of plants sampled, four of which are undescribed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207410

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3

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Size variation ofAcacia caven (leguminosae) pods along a climatic gradient in Chile (1981)

Gutiérrez, J. R. ; Armesto, J. J.

Springer

International journal of biometeorology 25 (1981), S. 161-165

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ISSN: 1432-1254

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geography , Physics

Notes: Abstract A southward tendency of increment in pod-length is shown for 11 populations ofAcacia caven (Mol.) Hook et Arn. localized along a climatic gradient of increasing annual rainfall in Chile. This fact would suggest thatA. caven populations occurring in the south are in better conditions for reproduction than northern populations, since pod-length is related to the amount of seeds inside the pods. The possible bearing of this southward tendency of increasing seed production upon the expansion ofA. caven toward the more humid zones in southern Chile is discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184464

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4

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A hierarchical consideration of causes and mechanisms of succession (1987)

Pickett, S. T. A. ; Collins, S. L. ; Armesto, J. J.

Springer

Plant ecology 69 (1987), S. 109-114

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ISSN: 1573-5052

Keywords: Causal hierarchy ; Mechanism ; Model ; Succession

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Questions of successional pattern and causality have been central concerns in vegetation ecology. In this paper we address the limits of the overextended models of Connell and Slatyer by discussing problems encountered in field tests. To help prevent such problems, we define the essential concepts needed to understand succession: pathway, cause, mechanism, and model. We then suggest a more complete enumeration of successional causes, and place them in a three-level hierarchy. The highest level in the hierarchy defines the general and universal conditions under which succession occurs: (1) availability of open sites, (2) differential availability of species, and (3) differential performance of species at the site. To provide a more detailed under-standing of succession, each of these causes is decomposed into ecological processes. A further decomposition results in the third level of the hierarchy, which is required to elucidate the mechanisms of succession at particular sites and to make detailed predictions. The hierarchy allows the appropriate causes to be chosen to answer questions about succession at the desired level of generality or level of organization. Recognizing the appropriate level(s) in the hierarchy is critical for the successful explanation of succession, design of experiments, statement of predictions, construction of models and development of general theory.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038691

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5

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Age structure and dynamics of Patagonian beech forests in Torres del Paine National Park, Chile (1992)

Armesto, J. J. ; Casassa, I. ; Dollenz, O.

Springer

Plant ecology 98 (1992), S. 13-22

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ISSN: 1573-5052

Keywords: Forest succession ; Disturbance ; Nothofagus ; Flooding ; Tree regeneration ; Colonization of moraines ; Primary succession

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract This study documents the stem size and age-structure in forests dominated by different species of Nothofagus in Torres del Paine National Park (51° S), in the Chilean Patagonian region. We also explored the relationship between the various types of Nothofagus forest and postglacial succession. Pioneer stands on moraine fields 1–2 km of the glacier front are dominated by Nothofagus betuloides and Nothofagus antarctica. Moraines appear to be first colonized by the evergreen N. betuloides, followed within 5–7 years by deciduous N. antarctica. Nothofagus antarctica may replace the former species and develop monospecific stands on glacial valleys. Most trees in the N. antarctica stand studied were older than 40 years and floods may cause a significant mortality of young trees. Recruitment from seed seems to be infrequent. Old-growth stands dominated by deciduous Nothofagus pumilio occupy more stable substrates, and probably represent the last stage of postglacial succession. This long-lived tree species had recorded ages over 200 years. The canopy of N. pumilio forests appears to be a mosaic of even-aged, old-growth patches. We propose that regeneration episodes follow the blowdown of a large portion of the canopy, with long intervals with little or no regeneration. Windstorms may be an important force influencing the regeneration of N. pumilio. Exogenous disturbances, such as floods and windstorms, are an integral part of the forest cycle in the Patagonian region.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00031633

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6

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Tree species regeneration in a mid-elevation, temperate rain forest in Isla de Chiloé, Chile (1988)

Armesto, J. J. ; Fuentes, E. R.

Springer

Plant ecology 74 (1988), S. 151-159

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ISSN: 1573-5052

Keywords: Disturbance ; Dominance ; Forest dynamics ; Gap-size ; Myrtaceae ; Tree-fall gap

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The regeneration of canopy and subeanopy species in a mid-elevation, primary rain forest in the Coastal Range of Isla de Chiloé (42°30′S), in the cold-temperate region of Chile, was studied by comparing seedling and sapling abundances under the forest canopy, and within 36 tree-fall gaps. The forest was dominated byAmomyrtus luma andLaurelia philippiana (33 and 32% of the main canopy individuals), and two subcanopy species (Myrceugenia ovata, andMyrceugenia planipes) were also important. Uncommon species in the canopy wereDrimys winteri, Amomyrtus meli, andRaphithamnus spinosus. Tree-fall gaps were created generally by the fall of several trees, and the main canopy species were the principal gap-makers. Gap sizes varied between 28 and 972 m2, with a mean of 197 m2. Seedling and sapling abundances indicate that the dominant species are capable of regenerating below the canopy, but they also germinate and show enhanced growth within small light gaps. For one of the common subcanopy species (M. planipes) and the two infrequent canopy species (D. winteri, andA. meli) regeneration seems to depend entirely on tree-fall gaps. Thus, in this forest, light gaps allow the persistence of infrequent canopy species, but seem less important for the regeneration and maintenance of dominant canopy species.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044740

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7

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Vegetation in a high Andean transect between Turi and Cerro León in Northern Chile (1981)

Villagrán, C. ; Armesto, J. J. ; Kalin Arroyo, M. T.

Springer

Plant ecology 48 (1981), S. 3-16

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ISSN: 1573-5052

Keywords: Andean vegetation ; Belt ; Chile ; Gradient analysis ; Phytosociology

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract This paper reports the results of a phytosociological and gradient analysis of the vegetation occurring along an altitudinal gradient from Turi (3100 m) to Cerro León (4250 m) on the western flank of the Andes in northern Chile (22°06′–22°22′ S; 68°15′–68°07′ W). Along the transect, the total cover of vegetation ranges from 2.5% at the lower end to 35.7% at 4000 m altitude. Four major physiognomic zones, including six associations are recognized within the transect studied: (1) The ‘Pre-Puna’ belt (2700–3150 m), characterized by a sparse cover of xerophytic subshrubs, including two associations: Acantholippia deserticola-Franseria meyeniana, which occurs over the sedimentary sands around Turi, and Franseria meyeniana-Helogyne macrogyne-Helianthocereus atacamensis, restricted to ravines and canyons. (2) The ‘Puna’ belt (3150–3850 m), physiognomically dominated by shrubs and presenting the highest vegetational cover, including the: Fabiana densa-Baccharis boliviensis, and Junellia seriphioides-Baccharis incarum-Lampaya medicinalis, associations. (3) The ‘High-Andean’ belt, localized above the ‘Puna’, including the Fabiana bryoides-Adesmia horrida and Oxalis exigua-Mulinum crassifolium associations. (4) The ‘Subnival’ belt, a high mountain semi-desert with a poorly developed vegetation. Only three species occur at the upper vegetational limit (4380 m). The phytosociological scheme proposed in this paper can be paralleled with that by Ruthsatz (1977) for the eastern flank of the Andes. A marked contrast in species richness and phytosociological complexity between these Andean regions is pointed out. Lower species richness of the Chilean transect is related to the presence of the Atacama desert, which extends from the coast up to 2700 m in the study area.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00117356

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