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  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International  (139)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (71)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-01-07
    Description: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been shown as a distinct population of cancer cells strongly implicated with resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Metformin, the most widely prescribed drug for diabetes, was reported to target cancer stem cells in various cancers. In this study, we sought to determine the effects of metformin on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). CSCs and non-stem HNSCC cells were treated with metformin and cisplatin alone, and in combination, and cell proliferation levels were measured through MTS assays. Next, potential targets of metformin were explored through computational small molecule binding analysis. In contrast to the reported effects of metformin on CSCs in other cancers, our data suggests that metformin protects HNSCC CSCs against cisplatin in vitro. Treatment with metformin resulted in a dose-dependent induction of the stem cell genes CD44, BMI-1, OCT-4, and NANOG. On the other hand, we observed that metformin successfully decreased the proliferation of non-stem HNSCC cells. Computational drug–protein interaction analysis revealed mitochondrial complex III to be a likely target of metformin. Based on our results, we present the novel hypothesis that metformin targets complex III to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, leading to the differential effects observed on non-stem cancer cells and CSCs.
    Print ISSN: 1661-6596
    Electronic ISSN: 1422-0067
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformations of synthetic human growth hormone-releasing factor fragment (1-29) in the presence and the absence of l, 2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylglycerol liposome as well as in aqueous 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethanol solution were investigated by CD spectroscopy. The secondary structure of the peptide in each solution was analyzed by two methods. Both results show that the peptide has an unordered structure in the aqueous solution. whereas it folds into helical structure in the aqueous alcohol and in the phospholipid solution. In addition, although the peptide exists as almost complete helix in the 50 vol % aqueous alcohol (80-90% helicity), it does not reach full helicity even in the solution containing excess amount of phospholipid liposome (maximum 65-70% helicity). The conformational difference is explained by the characteristic amphipathy of the peptide, i.e., the necessity to twist the separated amphipathic helical parts in the interaction with the phospholipid membrane probably makes the helicity of the peptide decrease.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 34 (1994), S. 481-488 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The formation of α-helical assembly by complexing biologically active peptides with de novo designed protein is described. The de novo designed protein described here is a cystinelinked 4-helix bundle protein constructed with 80 amino acid residues and forms a hydrophobic core region surrounded by 4 helices in an aqueous solution. The biologically active peptides, such as melittin and human growth hormone releasing factor, contain the sequences that are able to form amphiphilic helices. These peptides alone do not form the α-helix structure in a diluted solution with low ion strength. But on mixing with the designed helix bundle protein, the peptides are strongly bound to the protein with the induction of α-helical structure in the biologically active peptides. The content of induced α-helix is in accord with that estimated from the amphiphilic sequence. The results mean that a novel architecture composed of α-helices is formed. Fluorescent and temperature-scanning measurement revealed that the α-helical assembly is constructed with hydrophobic interaction. Also, it is shown by means of fluorescence depolarization that the assembly has a compact globular form corresponding to 1 : 1 complex. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 12 (1973), S. 1177-1195 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Measurements of light scatting, sedimentation equilibrium, sedimentation velocity, and viscosity were carried out on fractions of native amylose in dimethylsulfoxide at 25°C. The data for statistical radius as a function of weight-average molecular weight Mw suggested a stiff nature of this biopolymer in the solvent studied when interpreted in terms of Kirste's recent calculations with a stiff chain model. The data for sedimentation coefficient were consistent with this suggestion, and when analyzed in terms of the theory Hearst and Stockmayer for wormlike chain, a value of 233 Å2 was obtainedd for a/λ, where a is the length of a monomer unit projected on the chain axis and (2λ)-1is the persistence length of the wormlike chain. The intrinsic viscosity data gave a high a value as 0.91 for the exoponent in the Houwink-Mark-Sakuarada equation, in Substantial agreement with Cowie's prenious work.We attempted to interpret these data by use of the Eizner-Ptitsyn equation for wormlike chains, with omission of the free-drainage term and introduction of the a/λ value obtained from sedimentation data. It was found that, except in the region of Mw above one million, the observed values were fitted well by the E-P theory with a = 1.4 Å and (2λ)-1 = 87 Å. The disagreement in the high-molecular-weight region was tentatively attributed to excluded volume effect. The a value obtained suggests that the molecular conformation of amylose in dimethylsulfoxide is predominantly helical, in contrast to that of the same polymer in aqueous solutions of simple electrolyte. It was also found that a similar value of a was derived from our data for the second virial coefficient and partial specific volume if the molecule was assumed to be essentially rodlike.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The general reactivity of various sites in the vindoline series has been investigated. The facility of electrophilic substitution at C(15) and the effect of steric crowding on reactions at C(4) are discussed. At the basic nitrogen sites, oxidations with mercuric acetate and potassium permanganate are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cell-free systems from Catharanthus roseus plants are utilized for various studies relating to the biosynthesis of indole alkaloids. Tryptamine (5) and secologanin (6), two fundamental building units, are shown to be incorporated into the alkaloid vindoline (7). In another study, catharanthine (18) and vindoline (7) are utilized by this enzyme system and coupled to the important bisindole biointermediate 3′,4′-anhydrovinblastineThe previously [20] used name for 17, 3′, 4′-dehydrovinblastine, is incorrect. (17). The latter substance is, in turn, incorporated and converted to the natural alkaloids leurosine (8), Catharine (9) and vinblastine (10), thereby providing information about the biosynthesis of these complex molecules. High pressure liquid chromatography assay of the enzymic mixture sheds light on the enzymes involved in the coupling of 18 and 7.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and conformational analysis of (3′R)-3-hydroxyleurosidine (5), (3′S)-3-hydroxyleurosidine (10), (3′S)-3-acetoxy-4′-deoxyleurosidine (15), (3′R)-3-acetoxy-4′-deoxyleurosidine (23), (3′R)-3-acetoxy-4′-deoxyvinblastine (16), (3′S)-3-acetoxy-4′-deoxyleurosidine (28) is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 179 (1978), S. 1643-1646 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 2127-2137 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A new method of polymerization of the N-carboxy anhydride (NCA) of glutamic acid is presented by which poly(glutamic acid) is obtained directly from the NCA without protecting its carboxyl group. The principle underlying is that by adjusting the mole ratio of the initiator butylamine, [I], to the monomer, [A], butylamine can be used as protecting agent for the carboxyl group of the NCA so that the rest of butylamine acts as initiator in the heterogeneous polymerization in acetonitrile. Quantitative conversion was obtained for an [A]/[I] ratio of 1. In analogy to other heterogeneous polymerizations of NCAs in acetonitrile, this is due to the formation of the helix during polymerization, which was confirmed by IR absorption and X-ray diffraction measurements. As the [A]/[I] ratio increases, the conversion, the helix content of the resultant polymer, and the amount of butylamine combined with it decrease drastically. It is suggested that “copolymerization” of the amine-protected and unprotected NCAs occurs, giving rise to a partially helical chain, whose contents of the amine-protected side chains and accordingly of the helix are the higher the smaller the [A]/[I] ratio.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 176 (1975), S. 2251-2261 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die reversible Oxygenierung des synthetischen polymeren Pyridin-Häm-Komplexes wurde bei Zimmertemperatur in wäßriger Lösung untersucht. Das polymere Hämochrom wurde durch die Koordination des partiell quartären Poly(4-vinylpyridin)s (QPVP) an der axialen Position des Protohäms in Wasser synthetisiert. Die Gleichgewichtskonstanten von Hämichrom und Hämochrom waren 2,60·102 und 2,77·104 dm3mol-1, und die Koordinationszahl der axialen Liganden (Pyridingruppen) war sowohl im Fall von Hämichrom als such im Fall von Hämochrom ca. 1,0.Die Kinetik der elementaren Prozesse der Oxygenierung, d. h. der “Adsorption von O2” bzw. der “irreversiblen Oxydation des resultierenden Sauerstoff-Komplexes” wurde als Funktion des lokalen Feldes um das Häm herum untersucht. Die Geschwindigkeit des irreversiblen Oxydationsprozesses des Häm-Sauerstoff-Komplexes wurde durch Hydrophobieren der Umgebung des Häm stark verringert. Diese Effekte wurden ausgelöst durch die stärkere Knäuelung von QPVP-Molekülen durch die Addition von Salzen {Natriumchlorid, Natriumdodecylsulfat und Poly[1-(natrium sulfonatophenyl)-äthylen]} oder durch die Komplexierung von QPVP mit Polymethacrylsäure. Das Redoxpotential des zentralen Metallions des Häms wurde infolge der Zunahme der Hydrophobie um das Häm verringert. Andererseits war die Geschwindigkeit des Adsorptionsprozesses an-nähernd konstant und unabhängig von der Veränderung der Mikroumwelt um das Ham.
    Notes: The reversible oxygenation of a synthetic polymeric pyridine-hemochrome was studied in aqueous solution at room temperature. The polymeric hemochrome was synthesized by coordination of partially quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine), (QPVP), to the axial site of protoheme in water. The equilibrium constants of hemichrome and hemochrome were 2,60.102 and 2,77.104dm3 mol-1, respectively, and the coordination number of axial ligands (pyridine groups) both in the complexation of heme and hemin was approximately 1,0.The kinetics of the elementary processes of oxygenation, i.e. “adsorption of O2” and “irreversible oxidation of the resulting oxygen complex”, were studied as a function of the local field around heme. The rate of the irreversible oxidation process of the heme oxygen complex was greatly lowered as a result of situating the active site of heme inside the hydrophobic environment formed by shrinking QPVP with adding a salt {sodium chloride, sodium dodecylsulfate, and poly[1-(sodium sulfonatophenyl)-ethylene]} or by complexing QPVP with poly(methacrylic acid). The redox potential of the central metal ion of heme was lowered by increasing the hydrophobicity around heme. On the other hand, the rate of the adsorption process was approximately constant, regardless of the microenvironmental change around heme.
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