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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring  (5)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations  (3)
  • Astronomy
  • E52
  • J24
  • Elsevier  (8)
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  • 1
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    Contemporary crustal extension in the Umbria–Marche Apennines from regional CGPS networks and comparison between geodetic and seismic deformation (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-16
    Description: Here we report the results of the analysis of a GPS velocity field in the Umbria–Marche Apennines (central Italy) obtained from the integration of diverse geodetic networks. The velocity field obtained shows a high degree of consistency both spatially and in terms of comparison with independent information, despite the limited time span of some GPS stations. Starting from the velocity field we derive a continuous strain rate field applying a spline interpolation technique which provide a smooth estimate of the deformation field. The main feature of the resulting strain rate field is a continuous high (N50 nanostrain/year) strain rate belt coincident with the area of largest historical and instrumental seismic release. The model directions of the principal axes agree with geological and seismological information indicating NE–SW extension. We transform the strain rate field into geodetic moment rate using the Kostrov formula to evaluate the potential seismic activity of the region and compare it with actual seismic release in the last 720 years from MwN5.5 earthquakes. This comparison highlights a large possible deficit in the seismic release with respect to the overall potential seismic activity, particularly concentrated in the northern part of the study area. This discrepancy can be resolved with either a large amount of seismicity to be released in the near future or significant aseismic slip and deformation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3-12
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: GPS ; crustal deformation ; Northen Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Seismoacoustic measurements during the July–August 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna volcano, Italy (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On July 18, 2001, two main eruptive vents opened on the southern flank of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) at ~2100 m and ~2550 m a.s.l., respectively. The former vent fed mild strombolian activity and lava flows, while the latter represented the main explosive vent, producing strong phreato-magmatic explosions. Explosions at this latter vent, however, shifted to a strombolian style in the following days, before switching back to phreato-magmatic activity towards the end of the eruption, which ended on August 9, 2001. On August 3, a small seismoacoustic array was deployed close to the eruptive vents. The array was composed of three stations, which recorded seismic and infrasonic waves coming from both of the eruptive vents. A further seismoacoustic station, equipped with a thermal-infrared sensor, was also installed several kilometers north of the first array. Seismic signals relating to the strombolian activity at the 2100-m vent were characterized by a strong decompression at the source. Analysis of the time delays between seismic, infrasonic and infrared event onsets also revealed that ejection velocities during explosions from both vents were subsonic. Time delays between the onset of explosive events apparent in the infrared and infrasound data indicated that the explosion source at the 2550-m vent was located 220–250 m below the crater rim. In comparison, the depth of the seismic source was estimated to be between 230 and 335 m below the rim. This converts to 120–150 and 130–235 m below the preexisting ground surface. In addition, time delays between seismic and infrasonic signals recorded for the lower (2100 m) vent also revealed a seismic source that was no more than a few tens of meters deeper than the fragmentation surface.
    Description: Published
    Description: 219-230
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; explosive eruptions ; arrays ; seismic ; infrasonic and thermal data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 520 bytes
    Format: 590708 bytes
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  • 3
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    The evolution of the Calabrian Arc: Evidence from paleomagnetic and GPS observations (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The present-day arcuate shape of the Calabrian Arc has been accomplished during Neogene and Early Pleistocene by large and opposite vertical axis rotations along the two arms of the Arc. Clockwise (CW) rotations have been systematically registered in Sicily and Calabria, whereas counterclockwise (CCW) rotations were measured in Southern Apennines. Such opposite vertical axis rotations ceased in the uppermost part of the Lower Pleistocene (about 1 Ma ago) along almost the entire Calabrian Arc and are not observed in the present-day GPS velocity field. The end of the Calabrian Arc bending during the Quaternary marks a decrease in the efficiency of the tectonic processes related to the long-lived subduction of the Ionian slab, which caused the halting of the back-arc opening in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea.
    Description: Published
    Description: 259-274
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Calabrian Arc ; subduction ; paleomagnetism ; GPS ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Fingerprinting ash deposits of small scale eruptions by their physical and textural features (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Correlation of distal ash deposits with their proximal counterparts mainly relies on chemical and mineralogical characterization of bulk rock and matrix glasses. However, the study of juvenile fragments often reveals the heterogeneity in terms of clast shape, external surface, groundmass texture and composition. This is particularly evident in small scale eruptions, characterized by a strong variability in texture and relative abundance of juvenile fragments. This heterogeneity introduces an inherent uncertainty, that makes the compositional data alone inadequate to unequivocally characterize the tephra bed. Pyroclast characteristics, if described and quantified, can represent an additional clue for the correct identification of the tephra. The paper presents morphological, textural and compositional data on the products of an ash eruption from Middle Age activity of Vesuvius, to demonstrate the information that can be extracted from the proposed type of analysis. Juvenile fragments from five ash layers throughout the studied products were randomly hand-picked and fully characterized in terms of external morphology, particle outline parameterization, groundmass texture and glass composition. Statistical analysis of shape parameters characterized groups of fragments that can be compared with the other textural and physical parameters. The main result is that the data do not show important cross-correlation so suggesting that all of these parameters, together with accurate field data are needed for the complete fingerprinting of a tephra bed. We suggest that this approach is especially important for characterizing the products of small scale, compositionally undistinguishable, eruptions and represents the necessary step to deal with before going into more detailed compositional analyses.
    Description: Published
    Description: 277-287
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: tephrostratigraphic methods ; shape parameters ; groundmass texture ; mid-intensity eruptions ; ash deposits ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Clues of Post-seismic Relaxation for the 1915 Fucino Earthquake (Central Italy) from Modeling of Leveling Data (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 1915 Fucino earthquake (Ms=6.9) was one of the largest and most destructive events in Italy during the last century. The epicentral area is centered in the Abruzzi region (Central Italy), where a long historical record of large earthquakes is available. Seismotectonic studies on this region, based on instrumental seismicity (focal mechanism solutions of major events and stress analysis of background seismicity), borehole break-out studies and several geological and paleoseismological investigations, suggest NE-SW oriented active extension. The 1915 earthquake fault produced detectable surface ruptures for about 20 km along NW-SE striking SW-dipping structures. Coseismic geodetic data recorded in the epicentral area have been inverted in the past (Amoruso et al. 1998 and references therein), indicating a source fault dipping at moderate angle toward SW and a normal focal mechanism, with a non-negligible left-lateral component. Three high precision leveling lines located in a wide sector north and east of the Fucino plain were measured in 1950 and 1997-2000 by the IGM (Istituto Geografico Militare). Two consecutive lines run in a NW-SE direction along the chain, and form a "T-shape" net together with a third line SW-NE striking, towards the Adriatic sea. The total length is about 360 km with a mean benchmark density higher than 0.5 bm/km. The relative elevation changes recorded during this time interval show maximum values between 7 and 12 cm with a signal wavelength of 40-70 km. The observed elevation changes stand significantly above the calculated total error of 1.13 mm sqrt(L) km. A sharp gradient has been observed east of the earthquake epicenter, where we observe peculiar elevation changes along a 40 km long section of the leveling line. The observed elevation changes in Fucino earthquake area seem to comprise both regional tectonic deformation and post-seismic relaxation. The former and the latter effects are expected to dominate along sections of the leveling lines which are respectively about perpendicular and parallel to the Apennines. Since we compare measurements performed in 1950 and 1997-2000, relaxation effects refer to a late stage of the process. We have used Pollitz (1997) code for computing gravitational-viscoelastic postseismic relaxation on a layered spherical Earth. Different Earth models, characterized by different thicknesses and viscosities of crustal layers and of the upper mantle, have been considered. Even if S/N ratio of expected post-seismic effects is not high, comparison between predictions and observations allows to constrain regional crustal structure. Best-fit seismic moment is in good agreement with Amoruso et al. (1998) and residuals are fully consistent with expected regional tectonic deformation in central Apennines.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Francisco, USA
    Description: open
    Keywords: postseismic ; 1915 Fucino earthquake ; levelling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 6
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    Groundwater radon measurements in the Mt. Etna area (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Radon levels were measured in 119 groundwater samples collected throughout the active volcanic area of Mt. Etna by means of a portable Lucas-type scintillation chamber. The measured activity values range from 1.8 to 52.7 Bq l 1. About 40% of the samples exceed the maximum contaminant level of 11 Bq l 1 proposed by the USEPA in 1991. The highest radon levels are measured in the eastern sector of the volcano, which is the seismically most active zone of the volcano. On the contrary the south-western sector, which is both seismically active and a site of intense magmatic degassing, display lower radon levels. This is probably due to the formation of a free gas phase (oversaturation of CO2) that strips the radon from the water. Comparison of the data gathered at Mt. Etna with those of other areas indicates that 222Rn activity in groundwater is positively correlated with both the content of parent elements in the aquifer rocks and the temperature of the geothermal systems that interacts with the sampled aquifers.
    Description: Published
    Description: 187–201
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Groundwater ; Radon ; Mount Etna ; Active volcanic areas ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.06. Water resources ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.07. Radioactivity and isotopes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 539 bytes
    Format: 841512 bytes
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  • 7
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    Methana, the westernmost active volcanic system of the south Aegean arc (Greece): insight from fluids geochemistry (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: An extensive geochemical survey of the fluids released by the volcanic/geothermal system of Methana was undertaken. Gases were characterized based on the chemical and isotopic [helium (He) and carbon (C)] analysis of 27 samples. Carbon dioxide soil gas concentration and fluxes were measured at 179 sampling sites throughout the peninsula. Forty samples of thermal and cold groundwaters were also sampled and analysed to characterize the geochemistry of the aquifers. Gases of hydrothermal origin gave a preliminary geothermometric estimate of about 210 °C. The He-isotope composition indicated mantle contributions of up to 40%, and the C-isotope composition of CO2 indicated that it predominantly (〉90%) originated from limestone decomposition. The groundwater composition was suggestive of mixing between meteoric and hydrothermally modified sea-water endmembers and water–rock interaction processes limited to simple rock dissolution driven by an increased endogenous CO2 content. All of the thermal manifestations and anomalous degassing areas, although of limited extent, were spatially correlated with the main active tectonic system of the area. The total CO2 output of the volcanic system has been preliminary estimated to be less than 0.05 kg s–1. Although this value is very low compared to those of other volcanic systems, anomalous CO2 degassing at Methana – which is currently restricted to limited areas and at present is the only volcanic risk of the peninsula – is a potential gas hazard that warrants further assessment in future studies.
    Description: Published
    Description: 818-828
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Methana ; south Aegean volcanic arc ; fluids geochemistry ; soil gases ; groundwaters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Changes in the VLP seismic source during the 2007 Stromboli eruption (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Aim of this paper is to identify variations in Very-Long-Period (VLP) source associated with eruptive style changes at Stromboli volcano (Italy) and to retrieve information about the shallow plumbing system that sustains the eruptive activity. We have considered a dataset of 74493 VLP events recorded during the period from January through August 2007, when an effusive eruption occurred (February 27–April 2).We performed a polarization analysis of the entire dataset and divided the considered period into four sub-periods on the basis of polarization characteristics. We then located the events and selected a subset of these events by applying a location quality threshold. The high quality locations demonstrate that during the effusive eruption the VLP sources first moved downward and then moved southwestward. To retrieve information about the geometry of the structures where the source processes take place, we further consider a subset of events and estimate their source mechanisms by using a moment tensor source function (MTSF) inversion technique. Inversion of the waveforms of the VLP events that occurred on February 27 allows us to obtain information about the dynamics of different source centroids distributed along different portions of the shallow magmatic conduits. The structure defined by the locations and source mechanisms shows a greater complexity compared with previous studies and their time variations give an insight into the kinematics of the eruption.
    Description: Published
    Description: 162–171
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: stromboli ; very-long-period events ; seismic source mechanism ; volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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