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  • Books  (165)
  • Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory  (84)
  • Geneva : WMO  (37)
  • Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
  • New York [u.a.] : Springer
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  • Books  (165)
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  • 1
    Call number: ZSP-201-76/24
    In: CRREL Report, 76-24
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemical analysis of surface snows and deeper ice core samples from Milcent, Greenland, indicates a marine origin for Na and Cl and a terrestrial origin for Al, Mn and V. Pre-1900 enrichment factors, based on average crustal composition, are high for Zn and Hg and appear to be related to their volatility. A comparison of pre-1900 and 1971-1973 concentrations of V and Hg shows no decided increase from industrial production; however, the abundance of Zn (relative to Al) increased three-fold during this time period. The chemical composition of ancient ice is extremely useful in interpreting modern aerosols.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ii, 6 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-24
    Language: English
    Location: AWI Archive
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
    Call number: MOP Per 850(3)
    In: Instruments and observing methods report
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: viii, 191 S. : Ill.
    Series Statement: Instruments and observing methods report 3
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Call number: ZSP-201-82/37
    In: CRREL Report, 82-37
    Description / Table of Contents: This report presents a Landsat-derived land cover map of the northwest portion of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. The report is divided into two parts. The first is devoted to the land cover map with detailed descriptions of the mapping methods and legend. The second part is a description of the study area. The classification system used for the maps is an improvement over existing methods of describing tundra vegetation. It is a comprehensive method of nomenclature that consistently applies the same criteria for all vegetation units. It is applicable for large- and small-scale mapping and is suitable for describing vegetation complexes, which are common in the patterned-ground terrain of the Alaskan Arctic. The system is applicable to Landsat-derived land cover classifications. The description of the study area focuses on five primary terrain types: flat thaw-lake plains, hilly coastal plains, foothills, mountainous terrain, and river flood plains. Topography, landforms, soils and vegetation are described for each terrain type. The report also contains area summaries for the Landsat-derived map categories. The area summaries are generated for the five terrain types and for the 89 townships within the study areas. Two land cover maps at 1:250,000 are included.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 68 Seiten , Illustrationen, 2 Karten
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 82-37
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Foreword Introduction A land cover map of the ANWR study area Legend development Mapping method Results Discussion Description of the ANWR study area General description Description of specific terrain types Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Descriptions of Landsat land cover categories for ANWR Appendix B: Area summaries Appendix C: Aproximate equivalent units in several systems of land cover, wetland and vegetation classifications used in northern Alaska Appendix D: Soil taxonomy Appendix E: Summary of principal Landsat land cover categories within the terrain types of the ANWR study area
    Location: AWI Archive
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 4
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-78
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 78
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary: This climatological study makes use of the temperature, wind, and precipitation records from 12 stations on the Greenland Ice Sheet. Many of these stations were not in operation for concurrent periods and records for a year or more were available from only a few of them. The mean, mean maximum, mean minimum, absolute maximum, and absolute minimum temperatures were computed from the records. The highest absolute maximum temperature reported was 44°F at Mint Julep in southwestern Greenland. The lowest absolute minimum was -94°F at Northice in northern Greenland. This study shows that the prevailing wind usually was from the direction of the high central area of the ice sheet. Stations on the west slope had prevailing winds with an easterly component whereas stations on the east slope had prevailing winds with a westerly component. The wind speed varied from 0 to approximately 60 kt, but was predominantly in the 0 to 20 kt range. At some of the stations on the ice sheet, precipitation was measured in precipitation gages, at others it was measured as surface accumulation. At many locations the annual accumulation was determined from stratigraphic studies of the snow profile. The number of days on which snow occurred, expressed as percent of total days of observation, was used as an index to the amount of snowfall. The mean annual accumulation shows precipitation to be heavier on the west slope of the ice sheet than in other areas. The precipitation records at Northice indicate that the annual precipitation in that part of northern Greenland may be very light. The means for the various climatological parameters covered in this study are presented in tables and on a climatological map which presents a cartographic picture of the overall climatology of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 13, A5, B4 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 78
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Summary Introduction Air temperature Wind direction and speed Precipitation and accumulation Climatological map for the Greenland Ice Sheet Appendix A: Temperature data Appendix B: Precipitation data
    Location: AWI Archive
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 5
    Call number: ZSP-201-78/9
    In: CRREL Report, 78-9
    Description / Table of Contents: Large, simply supported beams of temperate lake ice were found, generally, to yield significantly higher flexural strengths than the same beams tested in the cantilever mode. Data support the view that a significant stress concentration may exist at the fixed corners of the cantilever beams. Maximum effects are experienced with beams of cold, brittle ice substantially free of structural imperfections; for this kind of ice the strength difference factor, here attributed to the effect of stress concentrations, may exceed 2.0; that is, simply supported beams test a factor of 2 or more stronger than the same beams tested in the cantilever mode. In ice that has undergone extensive thermal degradation, the stress concentration effect may be eliminated entirely. Simply supported beams generally yield higher strengths when the top surfaces are placed in tension. This behavior is attributed to differences in ice type; the fine-grained, crack-free top layer of snow-ice which constituted up to 50% of the ice cover in the current series of tests usually reacted more strongly in tension than the coarse-grained crack-prone bottom lake ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 14 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 78-9
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test sites and ice cover properties Beam testing Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited
    Location: AWI Archive
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 6
    Call number: PIK P 113-12-0303
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents:Introduction and Motivation.- Optimality and Complementarity.- Some Microeconomic Principles.- Equilibria and Complementarity Problems.- Variational Inequality Problems.- Optimization Problems Constrained by Optimization Problems.- Equilibrium Problems with Equilibrium Constraints.- Algorithm for LCPs, NCPs, and VIs.- Some Advanced Algorithms for VI Decomposition, MPCCs and EPECs.- Natural Gas Market Modeling.- Electricity and Environmental Markets.- Multicommodity Equilibrium Models: Accounting for Demand-Side Linkages.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXVI, 629 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9781441961228
    Series Statement: International series in operations research & management science 180
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 7
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-202-339
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Analytical procedures. - Thick section analysis. - Measurements of inclusion pressure. - Gas volume measurements. - Density and porosity measurements. - Results and discussion. - Sizes, shapes and distributions of bubbles. - Sizes, shapes and distributions of cavities. - Inclusion abundances. - Gas pressures in bubbles and cavities. - Total gas content. - Case for lattice diffusion. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Cores obtained to the bottom of the Antarctic Ice Sheet at Byrd Station were used to analyze the physical properties of air bubbles trapped in the ice. These bubbles originate as pockets of air in the upper layers of snow and approximately 10 ml of air/100 cm^3 of ice; i.e., 10% by volume is retained permanently when the snow transforms into ice. Parameters measured were the sizes, shapes, abundances, spatial distributions, gas volumes and pressures of bubbles, and their variations with depth in the ice sheet. Bubbles occur abundantly in the top 800 m of ice but then gradually disappear until they can no longer be detected optically below 1100 m. This disappearance is not accompanied by any significant loss of air from the ice and all available evidence indicates that the air actually diffuses into the ice in response to increasing overburden pressure. The possibility exists that the dissolved gases are retained in the form of a gas hydrate or clathrate which, because of release of confining pressures, begins to decompose soon after ice cores are pulled to the surface. This decomposition is accompanied by the growth of gas-filled bubble-like cavities, and as much as 40% of the dissolved air has exsolved already from some cores in the space of less than three years. Bubble pressure measurements show that 1) bubbles with pressures exceeding about 16 bars begin to relax back to this value soon after in situ pressures are relieved by drilling, 2) further slow decompression occurs with time, and 3) the rate of decompression is controlled to some extent by the intrinsic structural properties of the ice and its thermal and deformational history. Only small variations were observed in the entrapped air content of the ice cores; they probably reflect variations in the temperature and/or pressure of the air at the time of its entrapment, but the data are not sufficient to draw any firm conclusions regarding past variations in ice sheet thickness. Only ice from the bottom 4.83 m was found to lack any detectable trace of air. Since this absence of air coincided precisely with the first appearance of stratified moraine in the cores, it is concluded that this ice originated from the refreezing of air-depleted water produced under pressure melting conditions at the bottom of the ice sheet.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 18 Seiten , Illlustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 339
    Language: English
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 8
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    New York [u.a.] : Springer
    Call number: PIK M 311-02-0229
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIII, 307 p.
    ISBN: 0387988556
    Series Statement: Institute for nonlinear science ;
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 9
    Call number: AWI A13-12-0037
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: From Richardson to early numerical weather prediction. - The evolution and future research goals for general circulation models. - Beyond prediction to climate modeling and climate control: new perspectives from the papers of Harry Wexler, 1945 - 1962. - Synergies between numerical weather prediction and general circulation climate models. - Contributions of observational studies to the evaluation and diagnosis of atmospheric GCM simulations. - Coupling atmospheric general circulation to oceans. - Coupling atmospheric circulation models to bio-physical, bio-chemical, and biological processes at the land surface. - The evolution of complexity in general circulation models. - 10. The co-evolution of climate models and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
    Description / Table of Contents: Presenting a comprehensive discussion of general circulation models of the atmosphere, this book covers their historical and contemporary development, their societal context, and current efforts to integrate these models into wider earth-system models. Leading researchers provide unique perspectives on the scientific breakthroughs, overarching themes, critical applications, and future prospects for atmospheric general circulation models. Key interdisciplinary links to other subject areas such as chemistry, oceanography and ecology are also highlighted. This book is a core reference for academic researchers and professionals involved in atmospheric physics, meteorology and climate science, and can be used as a resource for graduate-level courses in climate modeling and numerical weather prediction. Given the critical role that atmospheric general circulation models are playing in the intense public discourse on climate change, it is also a valuable resource for policy makers and all those concerned with the scientific basis for the ongoing public-policy debate" The aim of this volume is to describe the development of atmospheric general circulation models. We are motivated to do so by the central and essential role of these models in understanding, simulating, and predicting the atmosphere on a wide range of time scales. While atmospheric general circulation models are an important basis for many societal decisions, from responses to changing weather to deliberations on responding to anthropogenic climate change, the scientific basis for these models, and how they have come about and continue to develop, are not widely known. Our objective in editing this volume is to provide a perspective on these matters."
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XV, 255 S. : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    ISBN: 9780521190060
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 10
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    New York [u.a.] : Springer
    Associated volumes
    Call number: 19/M 13.0199
    In: Springer series in statistics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book describes methods for designing and analyzing experiments that are conducted using a computer code rather than a physical experiment. It discusses how to select the values of the factors at which to run the code (the design of the computer experiment) in light of the research objectives of the experimenter. It also provides techniques for analyzing the resulting data so as to achieve these research goals. It illustrates these methods with code that is available to the reader at the companion web site for the book.
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Physical Experiments and Computer Experiments. - Predicting Output from Computer Experiments. - Additional Topics in Prediction Methodology . - Space-Filling Designs for Computer Experiments. - Some Criterion-Based Experimental Designs. - Sensitivity Analysis, Validation, and Other Issues
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XII, 283 S. , graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0387954201
    Series Statement: Springer series in statistics
    Classification:
    Mathematics
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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