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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 22 (1979), S. 224-229 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 622-624 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Sympathectomy ; Microspheres ; Bone blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Several laboratories, including our own, have investigated the physiology of bone blood flow by perfusion of the tibia via the nutrient artery. Any damage caused to the nerve supply by cannulation of the artery might affect the results. The possible effect of such damage was investigated by measuring blood flow to the dog tibia using a microsphere technique, before and after sympathectomy. No effect was found and the tibial nutrient artery is therefore a suitable vessel for perfusion when estimating nutrient exchange in bone.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.46 ; 33.80.Gj ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The irradiation of sublimed fullerene (C60 and C70) thin films with ultraviolet light in an oxygen-rich ambient has been found to lead to a substantially increased cohesive energy in the fullerene solid. The decreased solubility and lower vapor pressure of the phototransformed material enables wet (organic solvents) or dry (thermal or photon-induced sublimation) development of photo-defined negative images. One micrometer wide lines with good edge definition are demonstrated. X-ray, infrared, optical absorption, and high performance liquid chromatography reveal that photo-oxygenated C60 retains its fcc crystal structure but with a substantial fraction of the C60 molecules modified with carbonyl (C=O) bonds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteoporosis — Radiography — Bone breaking strength — Avian bone — Fluoroscopy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Bone fragility in caged laying hens is a severe welfare problem, with fracture incidences in commercial flocks of up to 30% of all hens during their life. This fragility has been attributed to osteoporosis, the etiology of which is multifactorial in birds, as in humans, with genetic, environmental, and nutritional components. Greater understanding of the development of the disorder in hens could be obtained from the same kind of in vivo assessments available in human studies of osteoporosis. These high technology techniques for evaluation of bone mineral density (BMD), such as single or dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (SXA or DXA), quantitative computerized tomography (QCT), or attenuation by ultrasound (US), are so far not widely available to nonclinical researchers. We have modified an older X-ray film technique, radiographic absorptiometry (RA) by digitization of the analog video signal from a Philips BV-25 image intensifier, in single pulse fluoroscopy mode, and subsequent computer analysis with the public domain software package, NIH-Image 1.60. Compared with conventional RA, which uses standard X-ray film, our modified technique reduces X-ray exposure and allows the operator to digitize, store, and analyze many more images in a shorter time. We have called this modified technique ``digitized fluoroscopy'' (DF). In a longitudinal study of humeral radiographic density in a flock of 165 laying hens, significant relationships (P 〈 0.001) were observed between assessments made as early as 25 weeks, utilizing this DF technique in the humerus, and breaking strengths (and other postmortem indicators of osteoporosis) measured at 70 weeks. We conclude that DF can predict some eventual parameters of bone mass measured at 70 weeks from 25 to 40 weeks onward in bones from the same site in laying hens. The relationship between DF measurements made in the humerus and postmortem measurements of radiographic density and breaking strength made at another site (tibia) are less strong but still significant from 40 weeks onward.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 17 (1990), S. 27-33 
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A study has been made of thermoluminescence from synthetic quartz with varying hydroxyl impurity concentrations up to approximately 300 H/106 Si which are associated with a “broad-band” IR absorption in the range 2600–3700 cm−1. These hydroxyl defects are known to be important in the hydrolytic weakening of quartz. We have found only minor differences in the glow curves of unheated crystals but significant intensity increases when “wet” crystals are heated sufficiently to cause bubble formation. It would seem that the electron traps are unaffected by the bubble formation, but the electron/luminescence centre radiative recombination probability is increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 50 (1997), S. 19-31 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: LIPP ; polyethylene ; space charge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents the results of laser-induced-pressure-pulse (LIPP) measurements of space charge accumulation in 0.5 mm thick planar XLPE samples with aluminium electrodes, over the temperature range 30–90°C. The applied field strength was 10 kV mm−1. The increase in transit time of the pressure pulse across the sample with increasing temperature indicated that Young's modulus decreased by 50% from 30 to 90°C. It was concluded that electrons injected at the cathode are transported to the anode at temperatures above 40°C, and that electron traps cause an accumulation of negative charge immediately adjacent to both cathode and anode. It appears that a concentration of impurity molecules accumulates close to the cathode, and field-assisted thermal ionisation of these molecules generates an immobile positive space charge adjoining the electronic space charge adjacent to the cathode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 37 (1991), S. 1137-1152 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden simultane TSL- und TSD-Messungen an 0.175 mm starken, über aufgedampfte Goldelektroden verfügende Polyethylenproben geringer Dichte durchgeführt. Die Proben wurden bei Raumtemperatur und einer Feldstärke von 90 kV/cm gleichstrompolarisiert, auf −190°C abgekühlt, bei noch anliegendem Feld röntgenbestrahlt und dann unter Kurzschluß mit 3 Grad/min erhitzt. Durch einen Vergleich der TSL- und TSD-Daten, insbesondere der Wirkung der Oxydation der Proben bzw. des Eintauchens in rauchende Salpetersäure, zeigten, daß (1) die Raumladungstransport-Komponente des TSD-Stromes zwischen −190 und 30°C vernachlässigbar ist, (2) die Ladungsinjektion bei etwa — 10°C beginnt (für aufgedampfte Goldelektroden) und mit steigender Temperatur schnell anwächst und (3) die gesamte injezierte Ladung durch die Probe hindurch an die gegenüberliegende Elektrode transportiert wird. Ein derartiger Transport erfolgt nur in den amorphen Regionen der Probe.
    Notes: Abstract Thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) and thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSD) measurements were made simultaneously on low density polyethylene samples 0.175 mm thick, carrying evaporated gold electrodes. The samples were dc-polarized at room temperature at a field strength of 90 kV/cm, cooled to −190°C and X-irradiated with the field still applied, and then heated in short-circuit at 3 deg/min. Comparing the TSL and TSD data, particularly the effects of oxidizing the samples and immersing them in fuming nitric acid, it was shown that (1) the space-charge transport component of the TSD current between −190 and 30°C is negligible, (2) charge injection begins around −10°C (for evaporated gold electrodes) and increases rapidly with increasing temperature, and (3) all the injected charge is transported through the sample to the opposite electrode. Such transport takes place only through the amorphous regions of the sample.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 36 (1990), S. 331-359 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden diejenigen physikalischen Erscheinungen umrissen, auf denen Messungen von thermisch stimulierter Lumineszenz und Leitfähigkeit basieren, die logisch als ergänzend zu herrkömmlichen thermoanalytischen Messungen betrachtet werden. Zur Durchführung von Messungen dieser Art benötigte Einrichtungen und Proben werden kurz beschrieben und Grundbegriffe für die Interpretierung der experimentellen Ergebnisse skizziert. Einige frühere experimentelle Daten, die ausgewählt wurden, um die Empfindlichkeit der thermisch stimultierten Lumineszenz und Leitfähigkeit gegenüber Dopen der Probe bzw. Vernäderungen in ihrer Morphologie zu verdeutlichen, werden vorgestellt und diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract The physical phenomena underlying thermally stimulated luminescence and conductivity measurements, logically considered as complementary to conventional thermal analysis measurements, are outlined. The equipment and samples required to make such measurements are briefly described, and the basic concepts underpinning the interpretation of the data sketched. Some recent experimental data, chosen to reflect the sensitivity of thermally stimulated luminescence and conductivity to doping of the sample and changes in its morphology, are presented and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 82 (1995), S. 445-454 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Choristoneura fumiferana (lepidoptera: tortricidae) ; disturbance Regimes ; trophic interactions ; climate change ; boreal forest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Insect populations have a substantial impact on Canada's forest. They are a dominating disturbance factor and during outbreaks they can cause tree mortality over vast areas of forest. If the predicted climate changes take effect, the damage patterns caused by insects may be drastically altered, especially for the many insects whose occurrence in time and space is severely limited by climatic factors. This possibility substantially increases the uncertainties associated with the long-term planning of pest control requirements, with hazard rating models, with depletion forecasts, and with projections for the sustainability of future timber supplies. Moreover, because insect damage affects the rates of various processes in nutrient and biogeochemical cycling, potential changes in damage patterns can affect ecosystem resilience. This paper presents a number of plausible scenarios that describe how some key processes in the boreal forest's insect defoliator outbreak systems may respond to climate change. The spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is used as an illustrative case study throughout. The potential importance of phonological synchrony in the dynamical interactions between species is emphasised. It is argued that natural selection may be a particularly important process in the response of insects to climate change and that climate change may already be influencing some insect lifecycles. The importance of threshold effects, rare but extreme events, and transient dynamics is emphasised, and the inadequacy of ‘equilibrium’ models for forest:pest systems noted. We conclude by discussing approaches to developing forecasts of how one of the boreal forest's insect defoliator-based disturbance regimes, as a whole, might respond to climate change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 182 (1969), S. 45-54 
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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