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  • temperature  (104)
  • Springer  (82)
  • Elsevier  (22)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Springer Science + Business Media
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature and diet on oviposition rate and development time of the New Zealand flower thrips, Thrips obscuratus (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 60 (1991), S. 143-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Thrips obscuratus ; Thysanoptera ; Thripidae ; New Zealand flower thrips ; rearing ; oviposition rate ; development time ; temperature ; diet ; pollen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The life history of New Zealand flower thrips (Thrips obscuratus (Crawford), Thysanoptera: Thripidae) was studied using a simple laboratory rearing method. The effects of temperature and diet on oviposition rate and development time were examined. Oviposition rate increased with increasing temperature between 10°C and 25°C. Development time for individual instars and for total development decreased with increasing temperature between 10°C and 27°C. Total development time ranged from 50 days at 10°C (female) to 10 days at 27°C (male). The relationship between temperature and development rate was expressed as a straight line such that lower thresholds of development of between 4.2°C and 6.3°C were established for life stages. Adult lifespan increased with decreasing temperature between 10°C and 25°C and females lived longer than males. At 10°C and 25°C females lived for an average of 34 and 3 weeks respectively. Thrips supplied with pollen exhibited highest and sustained levels of egg production in comparison to other diets. Larval mortality was lowest and development time fastest on diets of pollen and sucrose or fruit juice in comparison to other plant tissues. Larval development time was similar on four species of pollen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177035
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diapause induction in Ephestia cautella: An interaction between genotype and crowding (1980)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 28 (1980), S. 29-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: diapause ; induction ; termination ; temperature ; crowding ; inheritance ; Ephestia cautella ; almond moth ; stored products insect ; citrus pulp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume L'induction de la diapause larvaire d'Ephestia cautella (Walker) dépend du génotype et de la densité larvaire. Des croisements à l'intérieur de la souche diapausante donnent 79% de diapause aux fortes densités larvaires et 40% aux faibles densités. Les croisements des adultes de cette souche avec ceux de la souche non-diapausante donnent 36% de diapause aux fortes densités et 6% aux faibles densités. La fréquence de fin de diapause est héréditaire et dépend de la température. Ces résultats peuvent expliquer les variations saisonnières du taux de diapause E. cautella dans la pulpe de citron stockée. La diapause larvaire a été induite chez des groupes de chenilles par surpeuplement dans des élevages standards, et chez des chenilles isolées par élevage sur une quantité limitée d'aliments frais ou sur une quantité abondante d'aliments frais contenant des résidus alimentaires provenent d'élevages surpeuplés. Les effets inducteurs de ces résidus alimentaires disparaissent après extraction avec les solvants de lipides. Une certaine action est observée par de l'extraint sec sur de l'aliment frais.
    Notes: Abstract Larval diapause induction in Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a function of the interaction between genotype and larval crowding. A diapause stock in which 79% of the larvae diapaused under crowded conditions and 40% diapaused under uncrowded conditions was maintained by selection. Outbreeding of adults from this diapause stock to those from a non-diapause stock resulted in 36% diapause under crowded conditions and 6% diapause under uncrowded conditions. The rate of termination of larval diapause is inheritable and temperature dependent. These data seem to explain the seasonal trends in percentage larval diapause among E. cautella infesting citrus pulp during storage. Larval diapause was induced in groups of larvae by crowding in mass cultures and in single larvae by rearing on a small amount of fresh diet or on a larger amount of fresh diet containing residual diet from crowded cultures. The diapause-inducing effects of this residual diet could be removed by extraction with lipid solvents. Some activity was demonstrated when the extract was dried onto fresh diet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422021
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoplastic matrix controlled-release zinc fertilizers (1988)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 17 (1988), S. 251-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Zinc ; controlled-release ; diffusion ; pH ; temperature ; phosphate ; clay ; sand ; moisture content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The emission and movement of zinc from planar arrangements of controlled-release (C.R.) thermoplastic matrix zinc fertilizer formulations was studied in cylindrical diffusion cells packed with a clay or a sand. The influences of a number of soil characteristics known to affect zinc diffusion were also investigated. Zinc emission was initially (over 2 days) very rapid. The rate declined markedly thereafter. Morphologically distinct C.R. zinc formulations released zinc at different rates. Zinc moved appreciably and consistently further in the sand than in the clay. Of the soil characteristics studied, increasing phosphate levels had no effect upon zinc emission or mobility in either soil. Increasing pH in the sand did not affect zinc emission, but decreased zinc mobility. Conversely, in the two soils, increasing temperature stimulated zinc emission, but had little influence on zinc mobility. At higher water contents, zinc release was increased in both soils. However, zinc movement was only increased in the sand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049581
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature and sliding rate on frictional strength of granite (1986)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 124 (1986), S. 445-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Shear strength ; temperature ; deformation rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Layers of artificial granite gouge have been deformed on saw-cut granite surfaces inclined 30° to the sample axes. Samples were deformed at a constant confining pressure of 250 MPa and temperatures of 22 to 845°C. The velocity dependence of the steady-state coefficient of friction (μss) was determined by comparing sliding strengths at different sliding rates. The results of these measurements are consistent with those reported bySolberg andByerlee (1984) at room temperature andStesky (1975) between 300 and 400°C. Stesky found that the slip-rate dependence of (μss) increased above 400°C. In the present study, however, the velocity dependence of (μss) was nearly independent of temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877211
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between soluble sugar concentrations in roots and ecosystem stress for first year sugar maple seedlings (1996)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 88 (1996), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Acidic deposition ; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae ; seedling nutrition ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Accumulation of reducing sugars (i.e., glucose and fructose) in plant roots has been consistently correlated with forest dieback and decline and, therefore, has potential as a biological indicator of ecosystem stress. In this study, the relationships between acidic deposition and “natural” (temperature, mycorrhizae, and nutrition) factors with first-year sugar maple seedling root sugar concentrations and growth were assessed in two sugar maple dominated forests in Michigan. Seedlings at the southern site (Wellston) had greater root growth, phosphorus, total sugar, and sucrose concentrations in roots, but lower reducing sugar concentration in roots. In addition, percent root length colonized by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was less than that found for seedlings growing at the northern site (Alberta). Throughfall deposition of nitrate, sulfate, and hydrogen ions was not significantly correlated with seedling total or reducing sugar concentration. Total sugar concentration in seedling roots was positively correlated with air and soil temperatures at the southern site, but not at the northern site. Seedling tissue phosphorus concentration was correlated with total sugars at both sites, with sucrose at the southern site, and reducing sugars at the northern site. Mycorrhizal colonization rates at the Alberta site were positively correlated with reducing sugar concentration in seedling roots and negatively correlated with sucrose concentration. The results suggest that differences in seedling root sugar concentrations in these two forests are related to seedling root growth and are most likely due to ecological variables, such as available soil phosphorus, temperature, and growing season length through some complex interaction with mycorrhizae rather than acidic deposition stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00157410
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcript accumulation and utilization of alternate and non-consensus splice sites in rice granule-bound starch synthase are temperature-sensitive and controlled by a single-nucleotide polymorphism (1999)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 40 (1999), S. 719-727 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: amylose ; splicing ; starch synthase ; temperature ; waxy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), a product of the waxy gene in rice (Oryza sativa L.), is necessary for the synthesis of amylose in the endosperm. In an extended pedigree of 89 rice cultivars, we have previously shown that all cultivars with more than 18% amylose had the sequence AGGTATA at the leader intron 5′ splice site, while all cultivars with a lower proportion of amylose had the sequence AGTTATA. This single-nucleotide polymorphism reduces the efficiency of GBSS pre-mRNA processing. It also results in alternate splicing at multiple sites, some of which have non-consensus sequences. Here we demonstrate that this same G-to-T polymorphism is also associated with differential sensitivity to temperature during the period of grain development. Cultivars with the sequence AGTTATA have a substantial increase in accumulation of mature GBSS transcripts at 18 °C compared to 25 or 32 °C. The selection of leader intron 5′ splice sites is also affected by temperature in these cultivars. A 5′ splice site −93 upstream from that used in high-amylose varieties predominates at 18 °C. At higher temperatures there is increased utilization of a 5′ splice site at −1 and a non-consensus site at +1. Potential implications of differential 5′ splice site selection and associated differences in 3′ splice site selection on transcript stability and translational efficiency are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006298608408
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of thermal stress in graphite intercalated with bromine (1988)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 9 (1988), S. 279-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: bromine ; exfoliation ; graphite ; intercalation ; phase transition ; stress ; temperature ; thermal stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The thermal stress of graphite intercalated with bromine was found to increase from zero at about 100°C to about 1.3 MPa at 200°C. The effect was reversible with hysteresis. The thermal stress increase had a sharp temperature dependence due to its association with the exfoliation phase transition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00504248
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weather, nitrogen-supply and growth rate of field vegetables (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 124 (1990), S. 297-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: field vegetables ; growth rate ; models ; plant nitrogen-content ; radiation ; soil moisture deficit ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A new procedure was developed for interpreting data from multi-harvest N-fertilizer experiments on 5 different vegetable crops. Per cent N in the plant dry matter of each N-deficient crop was, throughout growth, almost proportional to relative growth rate (standardized to the average weather). After correcting for the effects of plant mass, growth rate of each N-sufficient crop varied considerably during the growth period and approximately in proportion to the growth rate when N-fertilizer was withheld. Some of the variation was associated with small changes in soil water which also greatly influenced C-partition between foliage and storage roots of at least one crop. Some of the variation was related to temperature and radiation. The significance of these findings to modeling the effects of N-nutrition and environment on growth is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009276
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The temperatures of nine flowing waters in southern England (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 89 (1982), S. 193-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: temperature ; streams ; watercress beds ; southern England
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The authors analyse water temperatures in seven streams and two watercress beds in southern England, and examine some of the biological implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00005705
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy losses as a function of temperature during the development of Diadromus collaris and D. pulchellus, solitary endoparasites of Acrolepiopsis assectella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Insect Physiology 34 (1988), S. 291-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-1910
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; endoparasites ; energy ; maintenance ; temperature
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(88)90138-2
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